2024-2025学年高一英语上学期期末真题分类汇编-教师版-专题05 阅读理解之说明文

试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页2024-2025学年高一英语上学期期末真题分类汇编-教师版——专题05阅读理解之说明文（一）（23-24高一上·江苏常州·期末）RidleyScott’sfamouswarfilm“Napoleon(拿破仑)”isaseriesofsuccessfulbattleslookingforabettermovietoconnectthem.Onceagain,Scott’scraftsmanship(技艺)isonshowhere,butit’sinserviceofadeeplyshallowscreenplay.Agreatactorisreducedtoaghostlypresenceinthemiddleofthemovie,andhispartner,thecharacterwhoneedstogivethefilmabeatingheart,comesoffasflatandhollow.Oneoftheproblemsisthatthefilmscripttriestoputalotoflifeintotherunningtimeofasinglefilm.Naturally,itopensduringtheFrenchRevolution,asNapoleonclimbsupthepoliticalladderofFrancewithhiswartalentsaboveallelse.AnotherpartoftheproblemisthatKirby,theleadingactressneverreallyunderstandswhattoplaywithJosephine,amysteriouscelebrity(名人)whobecomestoomuchofamirrorforNapoleon.Shecouldn’tgiveNapoleonason,whichresultedintheirbreak-up.WasNapoleonthekindofworldleaderwhoseownunsafetyresultedinkillingswehaveseeninhistory?That’shereinafewplaces,butScottisuninterestedinmakinganysortofstatementaboutNapoleonormenlikehim.Averyjust-the-factsapproachof“Napoleon”isincrediblydisappointingforafilmmakerwhousuallyfindssomuchdepthinthestorieshetells.Worstofall,bythetime“Napoleon”getstoWaterloo,wedon’tknowmuchmoreaboutthemaincharacterthanwedidwhenwecamein.That’saproblem.Havingsaidthat,thewonderfulwarscenesin“Napoleon”maybeenoughtoproveitsexistenceforfansofhistoricalwarfilms.Whetheritsbloodiedbodiesbreakingthroughiceorwavesofsoldiersrushingintobattle,“Napoleon”hassomefantasticbattlescenes.MaybethepointisthatNapoleonBonapartewasonlytrulyalivewhensurroundedbysomuchdeath.1．Howdoyouunderstandtheunderlinedword“hollow”inParagraph1?A．Solid. B．Deep. C．Empty. D．Smooth.2．WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2to4?A．ThefilmsuccessfullycoversNapoleon’swholelife.B．KirbyhasagoodunderstandingofhowtoplayJosephine.C．Peoplecouldn’tknowNapoleonbetterthroughthisfilm.D．Therearesomeoutstandingfeaturesof“Napoleon”.3．WhatdoesParagraph5mainlytalkabout?A．Thesuccessfulbattlescenesin“Napoleon”.B．TheachievementsofNapoleonBonaparte.C．ThewarsNapoleonBonapartefightingin.D．ThereasonforNapoleonBonaparte’saliveness.4．Whattypeofwritingisthistext?A．Anewsreport. B．Afilmreview.C．Ahistoricaldocument. D．Asciencefiction.【答案】1．C2．C3．A4．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了RidleyScott的电影《拿破仑》所存在的一些问题。1．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Agreatactorisreducedtoaghostlypresenceinthemiddleofthemovie,andhispartner,thecharacterwhoneedstogivethefilmabeatingheart,comesoffasflatandhollow.(一个伟大的演员在电影中间变成了幽灵般的存在，而他的搭档，那个需要给电影注入活力的角色，却表现得平淡无奇和hollow)”可知，电影中演员的表现不尽如人意，那个需要给给电影注入活力的角色显得平淡而空洞，推测划线词hollow的意思是“空洞的，空的”，和empty意思相近，故选C。2．推理判断题。根据第四段“Worstofall,bythetime“Napoleon”getstoWaterloo,wedon’tknowmuchmoreaboutthemaincharacterthanwedidwhenwecamein.That’saproblem.(最糟糕的是，当“拿破仑”到达滑铁卢时，我们对主角的了解并不比我们刚进来时多多少。这是个问题)”可知，人们看完电影后，对拿破仑的了解没有增加多少，即人们不能通过这部电影更好地了解拿破仑，故选C。3．主旨大意题。根据第五段“Havingsaidthat,thewonderfulwarscenesin“Napoleon”maybeenoughtoproveitsexistenceforfansofhistoricalwarfilms.Whetheritsbloodiedbodiesbreakingthroughiceorwavesofsoldiersrushingintobattle,“Napoleon”hassomefantasticbattlescenes.(话虽如此，《拿破仑》中精彩的战争场面可能足以证明它的存在，对于历史战争片的粉丝来说。无论是破冰的血淋淋的尸体，还是冲进战场的士兵，《拿破仑》都有一些奇妙的战斗场景)”可知，第五段主要讲的是《拿破仑》中成功的战斗场面。故选A。4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“RidleyScott’sfamouswarfilm“Napoleon(拿破仑)”isaseriesofsuccessfulbattleslookingforabettermovietoconnectthem.(RidleyScott的著名战争片《拿破仑》讲述了一系列成功的战役，寻找一部更好的电影来连接它们)”可知，本文主要介绍的是《拿破仑》这部电影所存在的一些问题，因此这篇文章是影评，即afilmreview。故选B。（二）（23-24高一上·江苏南通·期末）Fidgettoyshavebeengoingviralrecently,arousingsafetyconcernsamongparentsandthewholesociety.Tobetterprotectthephysicalandmentalhealthofyoungstudents,theMinistryofEducationrecentlyissuedanotice,aimingtopreventfidgettoysfrompresentingarisktothehealthoftheyoungergenerations.Fidgettoysincludeinhalernasalsticksandradishknives,whicharepopularasstress-relieversamongstudents.The“EnergyStick,”orinhalernasalstick,hasbeensellingwellonlinerecentlyonplatformssuchasTaobao.Someonlineshopshavealreadysoldnearly100,000sticks,whosepricesrangefrom6yuantoapproximately128yuan.Theproductcontainswatermelon,teaandorangeflavorsandevenalcoholtoattractmorecustomers.Theonlinestoresalespersonrespondedbystatingthatthemainingredientsoftheproductarecamphorandmint(薄荷),whichdonotcontainanyaddictiveproperties.Meanwhile,ZhaoTing,amedicalexpert,toldtheGlobalTimesthatsomechildrenarelikelytogetaddictedtothe“EnergyStick.”Thecolorfulplastictoyknife,aradishknife,nicknamed“CarrotKnife,”hasalsoskyrocketedanastonishingsellingonline.“AfterherclassmatehadboughtaCarrotKnifeandsaiditwasafuntoytouse,mydaughteralsoboughtone,whichmakesmeanxious.”Julian,afatherfromBeijingtoldtheGlobalTimesonSaturday.Someofradishknivesaresosmallthattheycanbegrippedinthepalmofachild’shandwhileothersareaslongasonemeter.Therearevariouswaysofplayingwiththeradishknife,withsomemimic(模拟)attackatfriendsaspartofagame,accordingtomediareports.Expertswarnedthatsuchtoyscouldencourageviolenceandcauselong-termmentalharmtochildren.Tochangethissituation,thegovernmentstressedtheimportanceonmaintainingstrictmanagement,andstoppingharmfultoysintocampus.Schoolsshouldorganizesafetypromotionactivitiestoteachstudentstocorrectlyidentifyandkeepawayfromdangerousandharmfultoys.Also,parentsshouldteachtheirchildrentoplaywithtoyssafelyandcorrectly.5．Whyhavefidgettoysbecomepopularrecently?A．Theyarebeneficialtoyoungstudents’well-being.B．Theycanhelptoreduceyoungstudents’pressure.C．Youngstudentsareallowedtousethematschools.D．Youngstudentscanaffordthematasuitableprice.6．Whatmayhelpthe“EnergyStick”attractyoungstudents?A．Itshighvalue. B．Itsplentifulnutrition. C．Itsrichcontents. D．Itseffectivesales.7．WhatdoesJulianreallywanttosayaboutthe“CarrotKnife”?A．Itbringshisdaughteralotofjoy. B．Itmightdoharmtohisdaughter.C．Ithasnoeffectonhisdaughter. D．Ithelpshisdaughterrealizeherdream.8．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Differentresponsesmadetofidgettoys. B．Greatimportanceattachedtofidgettoys.C．Practicalmeasuresdealingwithfidgettoys. D．Potentialdangersbroughtaboutbyfidgettoys.【答案】5．B6．C7．B8．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了指尖玩具最近变得流行起来，这是因为这种玩具可以帮助减轻年轻学生的压力。但是其中也存在安全隐患。5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Fidgettoysincludeinhalernasalsticksandradishknives,whicharepopularasstress-relieversamongstudents.(指尖玩具包括吸入器鼻棒和萝卜刀，这些都是受学生欢迎的减压工具)”可知，指尖玩具最近变得流行起来因为可以帮助减轻年轻学生的压力。故选B。6．细节理解题。根据第三段“Theproductcontainswatermelon,teaandorangeflavorsandevenalcoholtoattractmorecustomers.(为了吸引更多的顾客，该产品含有西瓜、茶和橙子的口味，甚至还有酒精)”可知，口味丰富可以帮助“能量棒”吸引年轻学生。故选C。7．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段““AfterherclassmatehadboughtaCarrotKnifeandsaiditwasafuntoytouse,mydaughteralsoboughtone,whichmakesmeanxious.”Julian,afatherfromBeijingtoldtheGlobalTimesonSaturday.Someofradishknivesaresosmallthattheycanbegrippedinthepalmofachild’shandwhileothersareaslongasonemeter.Therearevariouswaysofplayingwiththeradishknife,withsomemimic(模拟)attackatfriendsaspartofagame,accordingtomediareports.(“她的同学买了一把胡萝卜刀，说这是一个有趣的玩具，我女儿也买了一把，这让我很焦虑。”周六，来自北京的一位父亲朱利安告诉《环球时报》。一些萝卜刀非常小，可以用孩子的手掌抓住，而另一些则长达一米。据媒体报道，这把萝卜刀有各种各样的玩法，有些人还会模仿攻击朋友作为游戏的一部分)”可知，朱利安认为“胡萝卜刀”可能会伤害他的女儿。故选B。8．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Expertswarnedthatsuchtoyscouldencourageviolenceandcauselong-termmentalharmtochildren.Tochangethissituation,thegovernmentstressedtheimportanceonmaintainingstrictmanagement,andstoppingharmfultoysintocampus.Schoolsshouldorganizesafetypromotionactivitiestoteachstudentstocorrectlyidentifyandkeepawayfromdangerousandharmfultoys.Also,parentsshouldteachtheirchildrentoplaywithtoyssafelyandcorrectly.(专家警告说，这些玩具可能会鼓励暴力，并对儿童造成长期的精神伤害。为了改变这种情况，政府强调了保持严格管理的重要性，并阻止有害玩具进入校园。学校应组织安全宣传活动，教导学生正确识别和远离危险有害玩具。此外，父母应该教孩子安全、正确地玩玩具)”可知，最后一段主要讲处理指尖玩具的实际措施。故选C。（三）（23-24高一上·江苏扬州·期末）Thebrainmightbetheplacewherememoriesarestored,anditshealthandefficiencydependalotonthegeneralhealthofthebody.Putsimply,what’sgoodforthebodyisgoodforthebrain.Regularphysicalexercisedoesn’tjustbuildmusclesandkeepweightincheck.Italsoprotectsmemoryandthinkingskills.ResearchattheUniversityofBritishColumbiafoundthatregularaerobicexercise,thekindthatincreasesyourheartrate,alsoincreasesthesizeofthebrain’shippocampus(海马体).AndaUniversityofMarylandstudyfoundthatmemoryimprovedinolderadultsaftera12-weekexerciseprogram.Ifyou’renotintorunningorevenfastwalking,howaboutdancing?Itturnsoutthattakingadanceclassmaybeoneofthebestactivitiesyoucandoforyourbrain.AresearchteamattheAlbertEinsteinSchoolofMedicinelookedattheeffectsofphysicalactivityonpreventingmemoryloss,andfoundthatballroomdancingwasparticularlyeffective,leadingtoenhancementsinmemory,attentionandfocus.“Dancingcombinesphysicalactivity,learningsomethingnew,andsocialengagement,”saysDr.Salinas,aneurologistatNYULangoneHealth.“Themoreofthesefactorsanactivityhas,thebetteroffyouwillbe.”Sleepisalsoimportantformemoryformation,especiallylong-termmemoryformation.Whenyou’reasleep,thebrainrunsthetapeofwhatitrecordedduringtheday,getsridofinformationthatisn’trelevantandthenstoresotherinformationforthelongterm.Besides,doingthosementallyengagingactivities,suchasplayingcrosswordpuzzles,canalsohelpkeepourmindsactive.Learninganewlanguageisoftenregardedasanidealactivityforbrainhealth.“Doingsomethingnewandchallengingcontributestoformingnewpathwaysinthebrain,helpinginformationgofromonepartofthebraintoanother,”saysDr.Salinas.Whilegenetics(基因学)andfamilyhistoryplaysomerolesintheriskofmemoryproblems,sodoplentyofotherfactors.Addressinganyofthesemaymakeyourmemorysharper.9．Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?(①—Paragraph1;②—Paragraph2;③—Paragraph3;④—Paragraph4;⑤—Paragraph5;⑥—paragraph6;⑦—Paragraph7)A． B．C． D．10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“enhancements”inParagraph3mean?A．Improvements. B．Effects. C．Troubles. D．Skills.11．WhydoestheauthormentionDr.Salinas’wordsinParagraph4?A．Toexplainwhydancingisoneofthebestactivitiesforbrain.B．Toshowwhichactivityislikelytobringusthemostbenefits.C．Tosuggestthatweshoulddanceinsteadofdoingotherexercise.D．Toconcludethatthemoreactivitieswedo,thehealthierwewillbe.12．Whyislearninganewlanguageregardedasanidealactivityforbrainhealth?A．Becauseithelpsstoreinformation. B．Becauseitisnotverychallenging.C．Becauseitmakesuseofpathways. D．Becauseitkeepsourmindsactive.【答案】9．C10．A11．A12．D【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了对大脑有好处的一些活动。9．推理判断题。根据全文内容，第一段中“Putsimply,what’sgoodforthebodyisgoodforthebrain.(简而言之，对身体有益的东西对大脑也有益)”提出文章主题，第二、三和四段都是描述体育锻炼对大脑的好处，第二段中“Regularphysicalexercisedoesn’tjustbuildmusclesandkeepweightincheck.(定期的体育锻炼不仅仅是锻炼肌肉和控制体重)”为主旨句，第三段和第四段以跳舞举例说明，根据第五段中“Sleepisalsoimportantformemoryformation,especiallylong-termmemoryformation.(睡眠对记忆的形成也很重要，尤其是长期记忆的形成)”可知，该段是讲述睡眠对大脑的好处，根据第六段中“Besides,doingthosementallyengagingactivities,suchasplayingcrosswordpuzzles,canalsohelpkeepourmindsactive.(此外，做一些脑力活动，比如玩填字游戏，也可以帮助我们保持思维活跃)”可知，该段是讲述做一些脑力活动对大脑的好处，最后一段总结全文，故本文正确的结构是C项。故选C。10．词句猜测题。根据划线词前“AresearchteamattheAlbertEinsteinSchoolofMedicinelookedattheeffectsofphysicalactivityonpreventingmemoryloss,andfoundthatballroomdancingwasparticularlyeffective(阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦医学院的一个研究小组研究了体育活动对预防记忆丧失的影响，发现交际舞特别有效)”可知，交际舞对于预防记忆丧失有效，由此推知此处指“可以增强记忆力、注意力和专注力”，enhancements意为“增强，提高”，故选A。11．推理判断题。第三段中“Itturnsoutthattakingadanceclassmaybeoneofthebestactivitiesyoucandoforyourbrain.(事实证明，参加舞蹈课可能是你能做的对大脑最好的活动之一)”提到，跳舞对大脑有好处，根据第四段“‘Dancingcombinesphysicalactivity,learningsomethingnew,andsocialengagement,’saysDr.Salinas,aneurologistatNYULangoneHealth.‘Themoreofthesefactorsanactivityhas,thebetteroffyouwillbe.’(‘跳舞结合了身体活动、学习新事物和社会参与，’纽约大学朗格尼健康中心的神经学家Salinas博士说。‘一项活动包含的这些因素越多，你就会越好。’)”可知，作者提及Salinas说的话是为了解释跳舞对大脑有好处的原因，故选A。12．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Besides,doingthosementallyengagingactivities,suchasplayingcrosswordpuzzles,canalsohelpkeepourmindsactive.Learninganewlanguageisoftenregardedasanidealactivityforbrainhealth.(此外，做一些脑力活动，比如玩填字游戏，也可以帮助我们保持思维活跃。学习一门新语言通常被认为是有益于大脑健康的理想活动)”可知，学习一门新语言被认为是有益于大脑健康的理想活动，是因为它让我们的思维保持活跃，故选D。（四）（23-24高一上·江苏连云港·期末）Ourfutureselvesusedtobeariddle.Now,thankstosocialmediafilters(滤镜),wecanstarethemrightintheface.PeoplefellinlovewithTikTokthismonthtosharethemselves“aging”inrealtimeusingafilter“timetravel”.Settoasadsong,theeffectshowstheuser’sfaceslowlygettingolder,completewithwrinkles(皱纹)andsunspots.Camerafiltersthatageyouhavebeenaroundforyears.ButadvancementsinAIaremakingtheresultsmorereal.DoctorAleksandraBrownsaidtheTikToktimetravelfilterdoeswellinguessinghowagivenfacewouldage.Aswegetolder,ourfacialskinthins,fatdissolves(溶解)andgravitypullseverythingdownward.Noteveryoneispleasedaboutthis.OneofBrown’sfriendsdidn’tlikewatchingtimeflypast.Shecouldn’tstandwatchingherselfage50yearsin15seconds-couldlifereallygobythatfast?Browncriedherselfafterusingtheagingeffectonherownyoungdaughter.Shewon’tlivetoseeherdaughtergetthatold,shepointedout.Forotherpeople,thetimetravelfilterbroughtupunexpectedpositivefeelings.ActorJonathanBennettsharedavideosayinghisownfilteredfacerecalledhappymemoriesofhislatefather.NicoleLoehle,a24-year-oldinNewJersey,testedtheeffectwithherboyfriend.Itgaveheranewviewpoint,shesaid,shecouldimaginetherelationshiplastingintotheiroldage.There’snocorrectwaytoage.Butit’simportanttorememberthatnoonecanstoptimeorundoitseffects.“Ikeeptryingtoviewagingasagift.”Brownsaid,“Somepeopledon’tgettoage,unfortunately?”13．Whatcanpeopledowiththefilter“timetravel”?A．Findtheirpartners. B．Seetheiragingfaces.C．Experienceothers’lives. D．Guesstheirfuturesuccess.14．WhatareParagraph3andParagraph4mainlyabout?A．Remindersofthegoodolddays. B．Reasonsforusingtheagingeffect.C．Reflectionsonclosepersonalrelationships. D．Responsestotheagingeffectof“timetravel”.15．WhichofthefollowingwouldBrownprobablyagreewith?A．It’sgoodtowatchtimeflypast. B．The“timetravel”needsadvancements.C．Noteveryoneisfortunateenoughtogetold. D．TickTokinventedthefirstappwithagingeffect.16．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．TikTok’s“timetravel”:slowlyorquickly B．TikTok’s“timetravel”:backwardorforwardC．TikTok’s“timetravel”:toenjoyortosuffer D．TikTok’s“timetravel”:todeveloportodrop【答案】13．B14．D15．C16．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是通过TikTok的“时间旅行”滤镜会显示出人变老的过程，而“时间旅行”滤镜给人们带来的感受各不相同。13．细节理解题。根据首段中的“PeoplefellinlovewithTikTokthismonthtosharethemselves“aging”inrealtimeusingafilter“timetravel”.Settoasadsong,theeffectshowstheuser’sfaceslowlygettingolder,completewithwrinkles(皱纹)andsunspots.(本月，人们爱上了TikTok，通过“时间旅行”滤镜实时分享自己的“衰老”。配上悲伤的歌曲，效果会显示使用者的脸慢慢变老，布满皱纹和太阳黑子)”可知，“时间旅行”滤镜能实时分享人们“衰老”的过程，使用者能看到脸部面面变老，由此可知，“时间旅行”滤镜能使人们看到他们衰老的过程。故选B项。14．主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“Noteveryoneispleasedaboutthis.OneofBrown’sfriendsdidn’tlikewatchingtimeflypast.(并非所有人都对此感到高兴。布朗的一个朋友不喜欢看着时间飞逝)”可知，并不是所有的人都希望看到时间飞逝，并列举了Brown的一个朋友对时间飞逝的态度，结合第四段中的“Forotherpeople,thetimetravelfilterbroughtupunexpectedpositivefeelings.(对其他人来说，时间旅行滤镜带来了意想不到的积极感受)”可知，时间旅行滤镜会给其他人带来一些积极的感受，进而列举了演员JonathanBennett和NicoleLoehle对“时间旅行”滤镜带来的积极感受，由此可知，第三段和第四段主要介绍的是对“时间旅行”衰老效应的不同反应。故选D项。15．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Shecouldn’tstandwatchingherselfage50yearsin15seconds-couldlifereallygobythatfast?Browncriedherselfafterusingtheagingeffectonherownyoungdaughter.Shewon’tlivetoseeherdaughtergetthatold,shepointedout.(她无法忍受看着自己在15秒内变老50岁——生活真的过得那么快吗?Brown在自己的小女儿身上使用了抗衰老效果后，自己都哭了。她指出，她不会活着看到女儿那么老)”可知，Brown无法忍受看着自己变老，她认为自己不会活着看到女儿变得那么老，由此可知，Brown认为不是每一个人都那么幸运地活到变老。故选C项。16．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“PeoplefellinlovewithTikTokthismonthtosharethemselves“aging”inrealtimeusingafilter“timetravel”.Settoasadsong,theeffectshowstheuser’sfaceslowlygettingolder,completewithwrinkles(皱纹)andsunspots.(本月，人们爱上了TikTok，通过“时间旅行”滤镜实时分享自己的“衰老”。配上悲伤的歌曲，效果会显示使用者的脸慢慢变老，布满皱纹和太阳黑子)”可知，当前人们喜欢上了TikTok上的“时间旅行”滤镜，它能是人们分享自己“衰老”的过程，看到自己的连载慢慢变老，结合下文中介绍的不同人对“时间旅行”衰老效应的不同反应可知，本文主要介绍的是人们对TikTok上的“时间旅行”衰老效应的不同反应，所以题目“TikTok的“时间旅行”：享受还是受苦”与本段的内容吻合，且概括了本文的主题，适合作为最佳标题。故选C项。（五）（23-24高一上·江苏扬州·期末）In2019,AirCompanygainedpublicattentionwhenitproducedvodka(伏特加)fromcarbonintheair,inordertoreducetheamountoftheharmfulgreenhousegasintheatmosphere.Today,thecompanyhasbegunusingthesameprocesstomakefuel(燃料)forairplanes.AirCompany’scleanaircraftfuel,whichwasrecentlytested,couldsomedayhelptheairlineindustryachieveitsgoalofnetzerocarbonemissions(排放)by2050.Currently,theairlineindustryaccountsforabout3%oftotalglobalcarbonemissionseachyear,andmainlyusestraditional,fossil-basedfuels.Anumberofproducersofcleanaircraftfuelhavecomeoutinrecentyears,manyofwhomusesomethinglikeplantmaterialandcookingoil.ButAirCompany’sproductionprocessstartsbypullingharmfulcarbonemissionsoutoftheair.Thecompanyfirstharvestscarbon,mostlyfromindustrialsettings.Itthentakeswater,separatesthehydrogenfromtheoxygen,andputsthecarbontogetherwiththehydrogenandothermixtures.Afterthat,itdistills(蒸馏)thatsolutiondown.Thefinalproductsareethylalcohol(乙醇)tomakethecompany’svodkaandotherproductssuchasperfume,aswellasparaffin,whichformsthebasisofitsaircraftfuel.BythetimeaplanehasflownusingAirCompany’sfuel,itwillhavegivenoffthesameamountofcarbondioxide(CO2)backintotheatmosphereaswasacquiredtomakethefuel.“Already,someoftheworld’sbiggestairlinesaresupportingAirCompany’sdream.Theyhaveagreedtobuymillionsofgallonsofitsfuelinthecomingyears.”Thecompanymanagersays,“However,togettothoselargeindustrialmarketslikeaircraftfuel,traditionallyknownasthehottestindustrytogetgreen,isalongwaytogo.It’sgoingtotaketime,moneyandeffort.”17．Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．AirCompanyisfamousforproducingvodka.B．AirCompanynolongerusestraditionalfuels.C．AirCompany’sfuelislikelytobeenvironmentallyfriendly.D．AirCompanyaccountsfor3%oftotalglobalcarbonemissions.18．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thatsolution”refertoinParagraph4?A．Ethylalcoholformingtheaircraftfuel.B．Hydrogenthatisseparatedfromwater.C．Oxygen,hydrogen,carbonandethylalcohol.D．Mixofcarbon,hydrogenandothermixtures.19．Whatcanbeinferredfromthemanager’swordsinthelastparagraph?A．MajorAirlineshavealreadyputAirCompany’sfuelintouse.B．IttakestimeforAirCompany’sfueltobeusedonregularflights.C．ThefuelproducedbyAirCompanyissuretobeveryexpensive.D．Aircompanyalonewillbeabletooccupytheaircraftfuelmarkets.20．Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．AirCompany:MakeAirTravelGreenB．AirCompany’sCarbonProductionDreamC．AirCompany’sEnvironmentalSupportersD．AirCompany:MakeTraditionalFuelsAvailable【答案】17．C18．D19．B20．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了AirCompany生产的清洁飞机燃料。17．细节理解题。根据第一段中“In2019,AirCompanygainedpublicattentionwhenitproducedvodka(伏特加)fromcarbonintheair,inordertoreducetheamountoftheharmfulgreenhousegasintheatmosphere.Today,thecompanyhasbegunusingthesameprocesstomakefuel(燃料)forairplanes.(2019年，为了减少大气中有害温室气体的含量，AirCompany利用空气中的碳生产伏特加，引起了公众的关注。今天，该公司已经开始使用相同的工艺来制造飞机燃料)”和第二段中“AirCompany’scleanaircraftfuel,whichwasrecentlytested,couldsomedayhelptheairlineindustryachieveitsgoalofnetzerocarbonemissions(排放)by2050.(AirCompany的清洁飞机燃料最近经过测试，有朝一日可能帮助航空业实现到2050年实现净零碳排放的目标)”可知，AirCompany使用空气中的碳生产飞机燃料，该燃料经过测试，有朝一日可能帮助航空业实现到2050年实现净零碳排放的目标。由此可知，AirCompany的燃料很可能是环保的。故选C。18．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Itthentakeswater,separatesthehydrogenfromtheoxygen,andputsthecarbontogetherwiththehydrogenandothermixtures.Afterthat,itdistills(蒸馏)thatsolutiondown.(然后它吸收水，将氢和氧分离，将碳和氢以及其他混合物放在一起。之后，它将该溶液蒸馏出来)”可知，“溶液”指的是上文提到的“碳和氢以及其他混合物的混合溶液”。故选D。19．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However,togettothoselargeindustrialmarketslikeaircraftfuel,traditionallyknownasthehottestindustrytogetgreen,isalongwaytogo.It’sgoingtotaketime,moneyandeffort.(然而，要进入像飞机燃料这样的大型工业市场，传统上被认为是最热门的绿色工业，还有很长的路要走。这需要时间、金钱和努力)”可推知，AirCompany生产的燃料被运用于常规的航班还需要时间，故选B。20．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第二段中“AirCompany’scleanaircraftfuel,whichwasrecentlytested,couldsomedayhelptheairlineindustryachieveitsgoalofnetzerocarbonemissions(排放)by2050.(AirCompany的清洁飞机燃料最近经过测试，有朝一日可能帮助航空业实现到2050年实现净零碳排放的目标)”可知，文章主要介绍了AirCompany生产的清洁飞机燃料。由此可知，A项“AirCompany：使航空旅行变得环保”为最佳标题。故选A。（六）（23-24高一上·江苏盐城·期末）TherearelotsofscholarshipprogramsintheUnitedStates,butHopeChicagoisraisingstandards.Throughthehelpoffunding(资助)partners,they’vebeenabletoraise$40millionthatwillgotowardpayingthetuition(学费),room,board,andbooksforthousandsofstudentsinChicago.Howarethesestudentschosen?AlltheyhavetodoisgotooneofthefiveChicagoPublicSchools(CPS)thatarepartneredwiththeorganization.That’sright-everysinglestudentwhoattendsoneofthesefiveschoolsisabletogotooneof20partneringcollegesortradeschoolsatnocost,includingtheUniversityofIllinois.Tohelpencouragestudentstofollowthroughwiththeireducation,eachchildthatjoinsafull-timeprogrammayhaveoneparentcontinuetheireducationforfreeaswell.ThefirstannouncementwasatBenitoJuarezHighSchool.Thestudentsweresosurprisedbythenewsthattheywentalmosttotallysilentandtheheadteacher,JuanCarlosOcon,hadtorepeatwhathesaid.Uponhearingthenewsforthesecondtime,acelebrationbegan.“That’swhenthehallofmorethan500studentsandparentswasfilledwithenergy,hopesanddreams,”Juansaid.“Youcouldseethetearsintheeyesofourstudentsandparents.”EachpersontakingpartinHopeChicagoisdrivenbytheirwishto“reduceeconomicandsocialinequality,”saidPeteKaden’s,oneofHopeChicago’sfounders.HopeChicagohopestobecomeoneofmanylife-changingorganizationstomakegettinganeducationeasier.Inthenexttenyears,theyaimtospend$1biliontosendtensofthousandsofstudentsandfamilymemberstocollegesortradeschools.“Ascholarshipprogramofthissizehasneverbeendonebefore,butwearefocusingonChicago’sfamiliesmostinneed,”Petesaid.“Withthatinmind,ourgoalistoseeHopeChicagopositivelyinfluencethefurthereducationsystemandserveasamodelforthenation.”21．WhocangetscholarshipsfromHopeChicago?A．Students,sufferingfromdiseases. B．Studentslearningincertainschools.C．Studentsgraduatingwithhonors. D．Studentsfromsingle-parenthomes.22．HowdidthestudentsfeelafterJuanrepeatedhiswords?A．Terriblybored. B．Unbearablysad. C．Completelycalm. D．Extremelyhappy.23．WhatisPete’sattitudetowardHopeChicago?A．Thankful. B．Uncaring. C．Hopeful. D．Unclear.24．Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．Thesestudentsjustgotlife-changingnews. B．Thesescholarshipprogramsmeantsomuch.C．Parentsplayabigroleineducatingchildren. D．Socialinequalityexistsinmoderneducation.【答案】21．B22．D23．C24．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了HopeChicago奖学金项目正在提高标准，该项目将为在五所芝加哥公立学校（CPS）中的一所就读的学生提供奖学金。在资金合作伙伴的帮助下，他们已经筹集了4000万美元，用于支付芝加哥数千名学生的学费、食宿和书本费。21．细节理解题。根据第二段“Howarethesestudentschosen?AlltheyhavetodoisgotooneofthefiveChicagoPublicSchools(CPS)thatarepartneredwiththeorganization.(这些学生是如何挑选出来的？他们所要做的就是去与该组织合作的五所芝加哥公立学校（CPS）中的一所)”可知，在某些学校学习的学生能获得HopeChicago的奖学金。故选B。22．推理判断题。根据倒数第五段“Uponhearingthenewsforthesecondtime,acelebrationbegan.(当第二次听到这个消息时，庆祝开始了)”和倒数第四段““That’swhenthehallofmorethan500studentsandparentswasfilledwithenergy,hopesanddreams,”Juansaid.“Youcouldseethetearsintheeyesofourstudentsandparents.”(胡安说：“那时，大厅里的500多名学生和家长充满了活力、希望和梦想。你可以看到我们的学生和家长眼中的泪水。”)”推知，胡安重复了他的话后，学生们感到非常高兴。故选D。23．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Ascholarshipprogramofthissizehasneverbeendonebefore,butwearefocusingonChicagosfamiliesmostinneed,”Petesaid.“Withthatinmind,ourgoalistoseeHopeChicagopositivelyinfluencethefurthereducationsystemandserveasamodelforthenation.”(皮特说：“以前从未有过如此规模的奖学金项目，但我们的重点是芝加哥最需要帮助的家庭。考虑到这一点，我们的目标是看到HopeChicago对继续教育系统产生积极影响，并成为全国的典范。”)”可推知，皮特对HopeChicago的态度是充满希望的。故选C。24．主旨大意题。根据第一段“TherearelotsofscholarshipprogramsintheUnitedStates,butHopeChicagoisraisingstandards.(美国有很多奖学金项目，但HopeChicago正在提高标准)”以及第五段“ThefirstannouncementwasatBenitoJuarezHighSchool.Thestudentsweresosurprisedbythenewsthattheywentalmosttotallysilentandtheheadteacher,JuanCarlosOcon,hadtorepeatwhathesaid.(第一次宣布是在贝尼托华雷斯高中。听到这个消息，学生们非常惊讶，他们几乎完全沉默了，校长胡安·卡洛斯·奥康不得不重复他说过的话)”结合文章主要说明了HopeChicago奖学金项目正在提高标准，该项目将为在五所芝加哥公立学校（CPS）中的一所就读的学生提供奖学金。在资金合作伙伴的帮助下，他们已经筹集了4000万美元，用于支付芝加哥数千名学生的学费、食宿和书本费。可知，A选项“这些学生刚刚得到了改变他们一生的消息”最符合文章标题。故选A。（七）（23-24高一上·江苏南通·期末）Ahollow(空洞)halfwayupatreemightseemlikeastrangeplacetolookforawater-lovinganimal,buttheresultsofanewsurveyhaveshowedthatcommontoads(蟾蜍)intheU.K.areskillfultreeclimbers.ThesurprisingdiscoverywasmadebyresearchersfromtheUniversityofCambridge,workingwithFroglife,acharitydevotedtoamphibians(animalssuchasfrogsandtoadsthatdividetheirtimebetweenbeingonlandandinwater).Theteamlookedatreportsfromvolunteerswhowerestudyingspecialnestboxesaspartof