专题09 情景交际和主谓一致专项讲练-2023中考英语二轮复习讲练测（广东专用）

2023中考英语二轮复习讲练测（广东专用）专题09情景交际和主谓一致■考点一、建议、劝告及应答建议：Whynotdosth.？/Let'sdosth./ShallI/wedosth.？/Will/Wouldyoulikedosth.？/Will/Wouldyoulikesth…？/How/Whataboutdoingsth？劝告：You'dbetterdosth./You'resupposedto/shoulddosth./Youneed(to)dosth.接受：Goodidea./That/Itsoundsgreat.That/Itwouldbeverynice./Withpleasure./I'dlove/liketo./I'llbegladto./Yes，please.Certainly/Ofcourse/Sure./Noproblem./Iagree./Ithinkso.拒绝：I'mafraid/Ican't/I'mafraidnot./Idisagree./Idon'tthinkso./No，thanks./I'dlove/liketo，but…/Thankyou，but…■考点二、问候、介绍和告别问候：Goodmorning./afternoon/evening./Hello/Hi./Howdoyoudo./Nicetomeetyou./Howareyou？介绍：Thisis…/Mynameis…告别：Goodbye./Bye-bye./Seeyou(later)./Goodnight.■考点三、打电话请……听电话：Hello.MayIspeaketo…，please？/Isthat…speaking？接电话：Holdon，please.He/Sheisn'tin.CanItakeamessage，please？/Speaking.电话中介绍自己：Thisis…询问对方是谁：Whoisthat？■考点四、感谢、祝愿与同情遗憾当别人帮了你或赞扬了你，你应该表示感谢：Thankyouveymuch./Thanksalot./Manythanks./Thanksfor…当别人要去做一件事时或有喜事时，你应该表示祝愿：Goodluck./Bestwishes./Haveanicetime.当别人发生不幸的事情，应该表示同情与遗憾：Whatapity！/Iamsorrytohearthat.■考点五、就医、就餐与购物⑴就医：医生说的话：What'swrongwithyou？/What'sthematterwithyou？/Howlonghaveyoubeenlikethis？/Takethismedicinethreetimesaday./Nothingserious.等病人说的话：I'vegotaheadache/fever/cold./Idon'tfeelwell/Iamnotfeelingwell./Thereissomethingwrongwith…for…days等。⑵就餐：服务员说的话：CanIhelpyou？/WhatcanIdoforyou？/Whatwouldyoulikeforsupper？/Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink？/Whatelsewouldyoulike？顾客说的话：I'dlikesome…/Givemesome…，please.等⑶购物：导购员说的话：CanIhelpyou？/WhatcanIdoforyou？/Whatcolordoyoulike？/Whatsizedoyouwant？/Whatelsewouldyoulike等。顾客说的话：I'dlikesome…/Givemesome…，please./Howmuchisit/arethey？/I'lltakeit./I'llthinkaboutit.等。■考点六、天气、请求帮助⑴天气：What'stheweatherlike…？/Howistheweather…？/It'ssunny/rainy/cloudy/snowy….⑵请求帮助：Excuseme，wouldyouminddoingsth/Wouldyoupleasedosth？■考点七、问路、禁止、警告与常见标志⑴问路：Excuseme，couldyoupleasetellmethewayto…/whichisthewayto…/ifthereisa…nearhere等。Goalongtheroad./Takethesecondturningontheright/left./Godowntheroadtotheend./Youwon'tmissit.等⑵禁止或警告别人：Youcan'tdo./Youmustn't./Youarenotallowedto…/Ifyou…，youwill./Becareful./Takecare./Lookout.⑶常见标志和说明：EXIT(出口)./NOSMOKING(禁止吸烟)./ENTRANCE(入口)./NOPARKING.(不准停车)./NOPHOTOS(不准照相)./DANGER(危险)./BUSINESSHOURS(营业时间)等主要考查方式单项选择题主要题型1.—_________isitfromheretothetrainstation？—It’sabout10minutes’busride．A．Howfar B．Howlong C．Howsoon【答案】A【考点】距离（howfar）．2.—Youcometoschoolearlyeveryday．__________isitfromyourhometoschool？—It’sonlyaboutonekilometer．（）A．Howlong B．Howmuch C．Howmany D．Howfar【答案】D【解析】翻译：--你每天来学校很早，从你家到学校有多远？--大约1公里．根据答语“It'sonlyaboutonekilometer．”表路程，故直接选D【考点】距离（howfar）．3.—Ourmother'sbirthdayiscoming.Doyouwanttobuyawalletorascarfforher?—.Shejustgotabeautifulscarflastweek.A.Yes,IdoB.No,Idon'tC.AscarfD.Awallet【答案】D【考查角度】考查情景交际。4.—Howwasyourlastweekend?—Itrainedalltheweekend.Ihadtostayathome.A.PrettygoodB.TerribleC.NotbadD.Great【答案】B【解析】句意：——上周怎么样？——糟糕透了。下了一周雨。我不得不呆在家里。A相当好；B槽糕透了；C还不错；D太棒啦！根据语境，可知上周很槽糕，故选B。【考查角度】考查交际用语。【典例精析】►考点一、问候1.A:Hello/Hi.B:Hello/Hi.2.A:Hello.Howareyou?B:I'mfine,thankyou.Howareyou?A:Verywell,thankyou.3.A:Goodmorning/afternoon/evening.B:Goodmorning/afternoon/evening.4.A:Hi，Jim!B:Hi,Bob.Nicetoseeyouagain!5.Pleasesayhellotoyourparents.Pleasegivemybestwishestoyourparents.►考点二、介绍1.自我介绍：(1)A:MynameisCindy.Gladtomeetyou.B:Nicetomeetyou.MynameisFrank.(2)A:Excuseme.What'syour(full)name,please?B:MynameisRobertThomasBrown.A:MayIcallyouRobert?B:Certainly./Ofcourse.2.介绍他人：(1)A:ThisisMs.Brown.B:Howdoyoudo？/Nicetomeetyou.C:MynameisAlan.Howdoyoudo？/Nicetomeetyou，too.(2)A:ThisisMr.Smith.B:Nicetomeetyou.C:Gladtomeetyou.注：在交际场合里，介绍常常伴随着问候，可参见问候用语。►考点三、告别1.告别前，客方表示要离开的常用语：(1)I'mafraidImustbegoingnow./I'mafraidImustgonow.(2)Ithinkit'stimeformetoleavenow./Ithinkit'stimeforustogonow.2.双方相互道别时的常用语：(1)Goodbye！/Byebye！/Bye!(2)Seeyoulater./Seeyoutomorrow./Seeyou.(3)Goodnight.►考点四、感谢和应答1.感谢某人：(1)Thankyou./Thankyouverymuch./Thanks./Thanksalot.(2)Thankyouforyourhelp.(3)It'sverykind/niceofyou.(4)Thankyouanyway/allthesame.2.回答感谢时的答语：It'sapleasure./Mypleasure./That'sOK./That'sallright./You'rewelcome./Notatall.►考点五、道歉和应答1.当要麻烦别人时：(1)Excuseme.(2)Ibegyourpardon.2.当做错某事时：(1)Sorry.(2)I'msorryfor(3)I'msorrythat3.回答道歉时的答语：That'sallright./That'sOK./Nevermind./It'snothing./Itdoesn'tmatter.►考点六、邀请和应答1.表示邀请的用语：(1)Willyoucometomyparty?(2)Wouldyouliketogoforawalk?(3)How/Whataboutgoingforawalk?2.接受邀请时的答语：(1)Yes,I'dlike/loveto.(2)Yes.It'sverykindofyou.(3)Thatwouldbenice.3.拒绝邀请时的答语：(1)No,thankyou.(2)I'dlove/liketo,but►考点七、请求和应答1.表请求用语：(1)MayI?(2)Can/CouldI?(3)Wouldyoumindif?2.表肯定的答语：(1)Sure./Certainly.(2)Yes,doplease.(3)That'sallright.(4)Ofcourse，youcan.3.表否定的答语：(1)I'mafraidnot.(2)I'msorry,butyoumustn't/can't.(3)You'dbetternot.►考点八、祝愿、祝贺和应答1.祝贺用语：(1)Haveagoodday/time!(2)Haveagoodjourney/trip!(3)Goodluck!(4)Enjoyyourself!(5)Bestwishestoyou!(6)HappyNewYear!(7)MerryChristmas!(8)Happybirthday!(9)Congratulations!(10)Welldone!2.应答用语：(1)Thankyou.(2)You,too.(3)Thesametoyou.►考点九、提供帮助和应答1.提供帮助：(1)CanIhelpyou?(2)Wouldyoulikemetohelpyou?(3)WhatcanIdoforyou?(4)Letmehelpyou.2.肯定答语：(1)Yes,please./Yes,thanks.(2)Thankyou(foryourhelp).(3)Thatwouldbenice.3.否定答语：(1)No，thanks/thankyou.(2)That'sverykind/niceofyou,butIcanmanageitmyself.►考点十、约会1.约会前询问对方有无空闲时间：Areyoufreethisafternoon/evening/Sunday?2.常用答语：(1)Yes，I'llbefreethen.(2)No,Iwon'tbefreethen.ButI'llbefreetomorrow.3.提出约会时间、地点以征求对方意见的常用语：(1)Howabouttomorrowmorning?(2)Shallwemeetat3：00p.m.attheschoolgate?4.常用答语：Yes，that'sallright./Allright,seeyouthen.►考点十一、打电话1.打电话人常用语：(1)Hello!May/Can/CouldIspeakto,please?(2)Isthatspeaking？(注意：不能用Areyou？或Whoareyou？)(3)CanIleaveamessage?(4)I'llcallbacklater/again.(5)I'llringhim/herupagain.►考点十二、就餐1.主人常用语：(1)Whatwouldyouliketohave?(2)Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?(3)Helpyourselftosomechicken.(4)Wouldyoulikesomemorerice?2.客人常用语：(1)Yes,I'dlikeadrink.(2)I'dlikericeandchicken.(3)Justalittle,please.(4)CanIhavesomemoresoup?(5)It'ssodelicious.Thankyou.(6)No,thankyou.I'vehadenough.(7)I'mfull,thankyou.►考点十四、看病1.医生诊断常用语：(1)What'sthematter？/What'swrongwithyou?(2)Whatseemstobethetrouble?(3)Doyouhaveafever?(4)Howlonghaveyoufeltlikethis?(5)It'snothingserious.(6)Takethismedicinethreetimesaday.(7)You'llbeallright/wellsoon.2.病人叙述病情常用语：(1)Ifeelterrible/bad.(2)Idon'tfeelwell.(3)I'vegotacough/headache.(4)I'vegotapainhere.(5)There'ssomethingwrongwithmyeyes.(6)Ithurtshere.(7)Ican'tsleepwell.►考点十五、购物1.售货员常用语：(1)Can/MayIhelpyou?(2)WhatcanIdoforyou?(3)Howmany/muchwouldyoulike?(4)Whatcolor/size/kinddoyoulike/want?(5)Whataboutthisone?(6)Here'syourchange.2.顾客常用语：(1)Iwant/I'dliketobuy(for)．(2)Howmuchisit/arethey?(3)MayItryiton?(4)It'stoobig/small.(5)Sorry，it'stooexpensive.(6)Doyouhaveanyothercolors/sizes/kinds?(7)Twoandahalfkilos/pounds，please.(8)That'sfine.I'lltakeit.(9)Justhavealook.(10)Well,I'llthinkaboutit.►考点十六、问路和应答1.问路用语：(1)Excuseme,whereisthenearestpostoffice?(2)Excuseme,canyoutellmethewaytothepostoffice?(3)Excuseme,howcanIgettothenearestpostoffice?(4)Howfarisit?(5)WhichbuscanItake?2.应答：(1)It'soverthere.(2)It'snexttothe/infrontofthe/behindthe/betweenand(3)It'sabout500metersfromhere.(4)Godownthisstreetuntilyouseethetallredbuilding.(5)Turnright/leftatthefirst/secondcrossing/corner.(6)Youcan'tmissit.(7)YoucantakebusNo.103.(8)You'dbettertakeataxi.(9)Sorry，Idon'tknow.I'mastrangerhere.(10)It'sabout15minutes'walk.►考点十七、谈论天气1.询问天气情况：(1)What'stheweatherliketoday?(2)How'stheweatherinBeijing?2.陈述天气情况：(1)Whatacold/hotdaytoday!(2)It'sanice/fine/beautiful/horribledaytoday.(3)It'ssunny/cloudy/windy/rainy/snowy/foggy.(4)It'sgettingcool/cold/warm/hot.►考点十八、语言交际困难Pardon？/Ibegyourpardon.Sorry，Ican'tfollowyou.Couldyouspeakagain/moreslowly?HowdoyousayinEnglish?Idon'tknowhowtosaythatinEnglish.Idon'tknowthewordinEnglish.Howdoyouspellit,please?I'msorryIonlyknowalittleEnglish.►考点十九、提醒注意Don'tforgetyourraincoat.Remembertolockthedoor.Mindyourhead/step!Nospitting！Wetfloor!Lookout!Becareful!Don'ttouch！It'sdangerous!►考点二十、劝告You'dbettergotoseethedoctor.YoushouldlistentoandreadEnglisheveryday.YouneedtobuyaChinese­Englishdictionary.Don'trush/hurry/push.Pleasestandinline.►考点二十一、建议Let'sgoandhavealook.What/HowaboutapicnicthisSunday?Whydon'tyoubuyacomputer?Whynotgotoamovie?Shallwegothisafternoon?►考点二十二、态度1.同意和不同意：(1)表示赞同的常用语：Certainly./Sure./Ofcourse./Yes,please./Yes,Ithinkso./Allright./OK./That'sagoodidea./Iagree(withyou)．(2)表示不同意的常用语：No,Idon'tthinkso.I'mafraidnot.Ireallycan'tagreewithyou.(3)表示不完全赞同的常用语：Yes,maybe./Youmayberight.2.希望和愿望：Iwishtoseeyouagain.Ihopetobecomeadoctor.Ihopeitstaysfine.Ihopeso.Ihopenot.3.表扬和鼓励：(1)表示表扬和鼓励的常用语：Verygood！/Welldone！/Wonderful！/Excellent！/YouspeakEnglishverywell！/Yourdressisbeautiful！/Comeon！/Keeptrying！/Youcandoit!(2)应答：Thankyou.OK，I'lltryitagain.►考点二十三、情感1.高兴：Howwonderful/nice!That'slovely/great/wonderful!I'mhappy.It'swelldone.I'mpleasedtoknowthat.2.满意：Good！/Welldone！/Perfect！/That'sfine./That'sbetter./That'sgoodenough./I'mpleasedwithyourspokenEnglish.3.惊奇：Really？/Ohdear！/Isthatso？/Whatasurprise！/Hownicetoseeyou！/Howsurprising！/I'msurprised.4.忧虑：What'swrong?What'sthematter?Anythingwrong?Whatshouldwedo?5.恐惧：Help!Howterrible!I'mafraidofthatdog.I'mterrifiedofthelion.I'mfrightened.6.安慰：Don'tbeafraid.Don'tworry.It's(quite)allright.7．遗憾同情：I'msosorry!I'msorrytohearthat.Whatapity!Whatashame!That'stoobad.【易错易难】考点一、忌上词下用上词下用指的是答句部分沿用了题干句子的重点词、信息词，按表层意思似乎合情合理，但往往为错误的“虚像”，需经进一步分析后才能确定正确选项。避免“上词下用”误区的方法：一是确认题目涉及的交际功能项目；二是确认句子上下文语境；三是确认正确的话语方式。例：—Howwasyourlastweekend?—Itrainedalltheweekend.Ihadtostayathome.A.PrettygoodB.TerribleC.NotbadD.Great【答案】B【解析】句意：——上周怎么样？——糟糕透了。下了一周雨。我不得不呆在家里。A相当好；B槽糕透了；C还不错；D太棒啦！根据语境，可知上周很槽糕，故选B。【考查角度】考查交际用语。考点二、忌中文思维与上词下用比较，这一误区更具迷惑力，因为无论按题目内容或是按思维方式来考虑，都非常符合中国学生的习惯。显然，掌握英汉两种语言和文化之间的相同和相异之处，对于准确解题至关重要。我们解题失误之一是按汉语的表达方式和结构去套英语、选答案，这属于语言知识的“负迁移”。例：—Ourmother'sbirthdayiscoming.Doyouwanttobuyawalletorascarfforher?—.Shejustgotabeautifulscarflastweek.A.Yes,IdoB.No,Idon'tC.AscarfD.Awallet【答案】D【考查角度】考查情景交际。考点三、忌直接回绝这主要是指在对方要求得到帮助，提出请求或邀请时，回答过于直接，不够委婉。尽管从语义角度分析是没毛病的，但不符合英语国家的交际习惯。“请求”方面的问话有MayI…？/CanI…？/IwonderifIcould…/DoyoumindifI…？等；“邀请”方面的问话有Willyou…？/Wouldyouliketo…？/I’dliketoinviteyouto…等。在作否定回答时，为了表示礼貌和委婉，通常要用一些委婉词，如But，I’mafraid/I’msorry/Thanks等。例：—Wouldyouliketogoforawalkwithme?—.ButIhavetocleanthelivingroomfirst.A.Yes,IwouldB.No,Iwouldn'tC.SorryD.Yes,I'dloveto【答案】D【考查角度】考查情景交际。考点四、忌答非所问应该说答非所问的错误比较容易察觉，如果问话与答话的内容毫无相关性的话，学生可以迅速排除。有时双方的对话内容有所关联，但仔细推敲发现其实答语并不切题。最典型的例子是Withpleasure和It’sapleasure。前者一般在事前回答，表示“没问题；非常愿意”；后者一般在事后回答，表示“不必谢；不用客气”。—Don’teatjunkfood.It’sbadforyou.—___________. A.Sorry,Iwon’t B.Sure,Iwill C.Takeiteasy D.Nevermind【答案】A【解析】句意：—不要吃垃圾食品了。它对你是有害的。—________。A.对不起，我将不会了；B.当然可以，我将会；C.慢慢来；D.不要紧。否定祈使句的回答应该为Sorry,Iwon’t。【考查角度】考查交际用语。

主谓一致中考对主谓一致的考查主要包括以下三种情况：1．名词作主语；表示时间、长度、价格、质量等短语作主语；“the＋姓氏名词复数”作主语；一些以s结尾的不可数名词作主语，如news，maths；“不定代词＋名词”作主语，如bothof，neither等。2．主语后带有with，except，like，aswellas等介词短语。3．就近原则，如therebe句型，eitheror，neithernor，notonlybutalso等。■考点一、语法一致原则语法一致即主语是单数形式时，谓语动词就用单数形式；主语是复数形式时，谓语动词就用复数形式。①当and连接两个或多个名词，或bothand连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：TomandMikearegoodfriends.汤姆和迈克是好朋友。BothLucyandLilyarestudents.露西和莉莉都是学生。②不定代词either，neither，anybody，anyone，anything，someone，somebody，something，everyone，everybody，everything，nobody，noone，nothing等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Isthereanythingwrongwithyourbike？你的自行车有什么毛病吗？Everyoneisreadyforthesportsmeeting.大家都在为运动会做准备。③由each，eachandeach，everyandevery，every作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Eachboyandeachgirlwasgivenanewbook.每一个男孩和每一个女孩都被给了一本新书。④主语后有with，alongwith，togetherwith，aswellas，nolessthan，morethan，including，besides，like，except，but等词或短语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。如：Mr.GreenwithhiswifeandtwodaughtersiscomingtoBeijing.格林先生将和他的妻子及两个女儿一块儿来北京。⑤“anumberof＋名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“thenumberof＋名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Anumberoftreesarecutdown.许多树木被砍倒了。Thenumberofstudentsinourclassis32.我们班学生人数为32。⑥“alotof(lotsof，plentyof，apileof，pilesof，mostof)＋名词”和“分数或百分数＋名词”等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词，如果是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。如：Lotsofpeoplehavebeenthere.很多人去过那儿。⑦由“apair(akind，aseries)＋of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；“pairs(kinds)＋of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Apairofsunglassesislyingonthetable.一副太阳镜放在桌子上。Fifteenpairsofshoesaremadeeachday.每天能制作十五双鞋。⑧某些只有复数形式的名词(如clothes，trousers，shorts，pants，shoes，gloves)作主语时，谓词动词用复数形式。如：Myshoeswerewornout.我的鞋子穿坏了。⑨不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Readingislearning.读书就是学习。【例】—Howmuch________thepairofshoes?—Twentydollars________enough.(2017，南宁预测)A．is；isB．is；areC．are；isD．are；are【答案】A【解析】thepairofshoes的中心词是pair，则谓语动词用单数；把twentydollars看成整体，则谓语动词也用单数。【例】There________anumberofbooksinthelibraryandthenumberofthem________increasing.(2016，烟台)A．has；isB．have；areC．are；isD．is；are【答案】C■考点二、意义一致原则意义一致又叫概念一致，即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。①由and连接的两个名词，如果是指同一概念(即and后面无冠词)，则谓语动词用单数形式。如：Theteacherandwriteriscomingtogiveusareportnextweek.那位老师兼作家下周要来给我们作报告。Thesingeranddancerhasbeeninvitedtotheparty.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家被邀请参加了聚会。②表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等复数名词及词组作主语时，一般被看作一个整体，谓语动词常用单数形式。如：Threeyearsisalongtime.三年是一段很长的时间。③集体名词如family，team，crowd，company，class，group，government，如果表示整体概念，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示集体中的成员，则谓语动词用复数形式。如：Myfamilyisasmallonewiththreepeople.我家是一个有三口人的小家庭。④people，police，cattle等集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Thepolicearehelpingagirlfindhermother.警察正在帮助一个女孩找妈妈。⑤算式中，表示加法和乘法时谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式，但表示减法和除法时谓语动词必须用单数形式。如：Whatis/arethreetimesthree？3乘以3是多少？【例】There________forty­twostudentsinourclasslastterm.(2016，梧州)A．isB．areC．wasD．were【答案】C【解析】forty­twostudents表示的是复数意义，则therebe句型中的be动词应用复数，由句中时间状语lastterm可知应用be动词的过去式。【例】________Lily________Lucyisgoingwithyoubecauseoneofthemmuststayathome.A．Notonly；butalsoB．Neither；norC．Both；andD．Either；or【答案】A■考点三、就近原则有时谓语动词的形式与最靠近它的名词保持一致，这种原则叫做就近原则，又叫做邻近原则。①由eitheror，neithernor，notonlybut(also)．..，notbut或or连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与较近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如：NotonlymyparentsbutalsoIamlookingforwardtomeetingmyuncle.不但我父母而且我也盼望看到我叔叔。NotonlyJimbutalsohisparentswanttoliveinChina.不仅吉姆而且他的父母也想居住在中国。Heoryouhavetakenmypen.他或你拿了我的钢笔。②Therebe和Herebe这两个句式中的be动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。如：Thereisanappleandtwobananasonthetable.桌子上有一个苹果和两根香蕉。【例】There________someflowersontheteacher'sdeskjustnow，butnowthere________nothingonit.A．have；hasB．were；hasC．were；isD．has；has【答案】C【解析】第一空应根据someflowers来确定谓语动词应用复数，justnow表明是一般过去时；第二空根据nothing来判断谓语动词应用单数，now表明一般现在时。主要考查方式单项选择题主要题型1.Thetwinsfondofthenewideainthemagazinearticle.A.be B.am C.is D.are【答案】D【解析】试题分析：befondof意为“喜爱；喜欢”。由thetwins可知句子的主语是两个人，故选are。2.Thenumberofthevolunteerinourcity2，000.Andsixtypercentofthemteachersandstudents.A.is;is B.is;are C.are;is D.are;are【答案】B3.BothKateandIreadyforthenewhighschoollife.A.am B.is C.are D.be【答案】C【解析】句意：凯特和我都为新的中学生活做好了准备。bothand连接两个名词或代词作主语时，后面的谓语动词要用复数形式，故选C。4.MysisterwithmyparentsdumplingswhenIgothomeyesterdayevening.A.aremaking B.ismaking C.wasmaking D.weremaking【答案】C5.Andy，withhisparents，toHongKong，andtheywillstaythereforaweek.A.havegone B.hasgone C.havebeen D.hasbeen【答案】B【解析】句意：安迪和他的父母已经去了香港，他们将在那里待上一个星期。“have/hasbeento+地点”意为“曾经去过某地”；“have/hasgoneto+地点”意为“已经去了某地”。从后一分句知，Andy和其父母是已经去了香港，排除C、D两项；本句的主语为第三人称单数Andy，而介词短语withhisparents作伴随状语，句子谓语动词用第三人称单数。故选B。【典例精析】考点一、意义一致意义一致就是根据句子主语的意义来确定谓语动词的单复数。如：Mathsisdifficultforus.数学对我们来说很难。Thepolicearetryingtosearchforthethiefonthehill.警察们正在山上尽力搜查小偷。例Thewomanbehindthegirlsafamousactress.A.is B.are C.have D.has【答案】：A【解析】：在本句中，句子主语为woman，所以谓语动词应用单数形式，排除B、C两项。本句为系表结构，排除D项。2.语法一致语法一致即单数主语要用单数谓语动词，复数主语要用复数谓语动词。如：Mybikeisunderthetree.我的自行车在树下。Thesebooksareold.这些书是旧的。例TheGreensdinnerinthekitchennow.A.ishaving B.having C.arehaving【答案】：C【解析】：theGreens意为“格林一家；格林夫妇”，表复数意义，故选C。3.就近原则就近原则即当主语被某些连词(短语)连接时，谓语动词的数与离它最近的词保持一致。如：Eithermyfatherorbrotheriscoming.我父亲来，要不然就是我弟弟来。Notonlyyoubutalsotheyaregoodstudents.不仅你是好学生，而且他们也是好学生。例Thisismytwinsister，Lucy.NotonlyshebutalsoIgoodatdrawing.A.is B.am C.are【答案】：B考点二、并列结构作主语由and或bothand连接两个名词、代词作主语，表示不同的人或事物时，句子的谓语用复数。如：JohnandMikearegoodfriends.约翰和迈克是好朋友。Bothbreadandmilkaregoodforyou.面包和牛奶对你都有好处。【注意】and连接的两个名词作主语，在意义上指同一人、同一物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。如：ThefamoussingeranddanceriscomingtoChongqing.那位著名的歌唱家兼舞蹈家要来重庆。考点三、“名词+介词短语”作主语名词或代词后接aswellas，with，alongwith，togetherwith，except，but等短语作主语时，谓语动词的形式应和介词短语前的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。Sheaswellasotherstudentslikesplayingcomputergames.她和其他学生都喜欢玩电脑游戏。Hewithhisparentsisworkinginthefields.他正和他的父母在地里干活。Nobodybutyouandmeknowsit.除了你和我，没人知道。考点四、不定代词作主语1.当作主语的名词前有each，neither，either，every修饰或each，neither，either作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Eachstudenthasabook.每一个学生都有一本书。Eitheransweriscorrect.两个【答案】都是正确的。Neitherparentiswithhim.他的父母都没有和他在一起。Everyminuteisimportanttous.每一分钟对大家都很重要。2.当复合不定代词someone，anyone，somebody，anybody，nobody，everybody，something，anything，nothing，everything等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Somebodyiswaitingforyououtside.有人在外面等你。Iseverybodyheretoday?今天大家都到了吗?Somethingiswrongwithmywatch.我的手表出故障了。Nobodywasawayyesterday.昨天没有人离开。例NowthestudentseachanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.A.has B.have C.ishaving D.arehaving【答案】：B考点五、Therebe和Herebe的就近原则Therebe和Herebe结构后面接并列名词时，谓语动词be均应与最近的名词在数上保持一致。如：Thereisapen，apencil，aknifeandthreebooksonthedesk.书桌上有一支钢笔，一支铅笔，一把刀和三本书。Herearesomeflowersandacard.这里有一些花和一张卡片。例—Whyareyouinsuchahurry，Mike?—ThereanNBAbasketballgameintenminutes.A.willhave B.willbe C.isgoingtohave D.aregoingtobe【答案】：B考点六、特殊名词作主语1.国名、人名、书名、报刊名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时，即使其形式上是复数，谓语动词也要用单数。TheUnitedStatesliestotheeastofChina.美国在中国的东方。(国名)Engelswasgoodatlearningforeignlanguages.恩格斯擅长学外语。(人名)2.“the+形容词”作主语时，表示某类人，谓语动词用复数。Thesickaretakengoodcareof.病人得到很好的照顾。Theoldaresupposedtobespokentopolitely.跟老人讲话要有礼貌。3.以-s结尾的名词，如maths，physics，politics等和以-s结尾的抽象名词，如news，plastics等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。Physicsisverydifficultformetolearn.物理对我来讲很难Thenewswasveryexciting.这条新闻十分激动人心。4.单复数形式相同的名词，如Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由名词前的修饰语来确定。AChinesewantstoseeyou.一个中国人想见你。Tensheepareeatinggrassthere.那边有10只绵羊在吃草。【注意】Chinese，Japanese，English等前加the表示一国人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：TheChinesespeakChinese.中国人说汉语。例Physicsmoreinterestingthanmaths，Ithink.A.are B.is C.was D.were【答案】：B考点七、表数量概念的词或短语作主语1.表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。Tenyearshaspassedquickly.10年很快就过去了。Tendollarsisenough.10美元就够了。100kilometersisalongway.100千米是一段很长的路。2.加减乘除运算中的谓语动词用单数，其中加法与乘法也可用复数。Twoandtwois/arefour.2加2等于4。Sixtimesoneis/aresix.6乘以1等于6。3.“manya/morethanone+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Thereismorethanoneanswer.有不止一个【答案】。Manyastudenthaspassedtheexam.许多学生通过了考试。4.“oneandahalf+复数名词”作主语时，谓语用单数。OneandahalfdaysisallIcanspare.一天半是我所能支配的全部时间。Oneandahalfpearsisleftontheplate.一个半梨被留在盘子里。5.therestof短语作主语时，如果of后接复数名词，谓语用复数；如果of后接不可数名词，谓语用单数。Therestofthebikesareonsale.余下的自行车降价出售。Therestofthebreadisgone.剩余的面包不见了。6.“noneof+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数。Noneofthedogswas/werethere.那儿没有狗。7.“anumberof+名词复数”表示“许多/大量的……”，其后的谓语动词用复数；“thenumberof+名词复数”表示“……的数量”，其中心词为number，故谓语动词用单数。Anumberoffarmersarestandingoverthere.许多农民站在那边。Thenumberofthestudentsinthisschoolhasreachedover2，000.这所学校的学生数量已达到2000多人。8.“alotof/lotsof/plentyof+名词”作主语，谓语动词由of后的名词来确定。如果of后是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；如果of后是复数名词，谓语动词用复数。Alotoftimeisneeded.需要大量的时间。Plentyofworkersareworking.许多工人在工作。例—Whatthenumberofthestudentsinyourschool?—Abouttwothousand.AnumberofthemfromEngland.A.is;are B.is;is C.are;is D.are;are【答案】：A解析：第一空处的主语为thenumberofthestudents，用is填写；第二空处的主语为anumberofthem，用are填写。考点八、动名词、不定式和从句作主语动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数。Doingmorningexercisesisgoodforyourbody.做早操对你的身体有益。Toplaywithfirenearagasstationisverydangerous.在加油站附近玩火很危险。Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant.他在会上的发言很重要。例TolosethemselvesintheNetbaronteenagers’future.A.haveabadeffect B.hasabadeffectC.haveagoodeffect D.hasagoodeffect【答案】：B【易错易难】考点一、就近原则出现几个主语时，谓语动词的人称单复数须和最近的主语保持一致。考点二、意义一致原则主语形式是单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词根据意义要用复数；反之主语形式为复数，但意义为单数，谓语动词也用单数。如表示一笔钱，一段时间，一定重量时，这些单位虽是复数形式，但谓语动词是单数形式。考点三、语法一致一个句子的主语是单数时，谓语动词也应是单数形式，主语是复数，谓语动词也用复数形式。细则如下：1.由并列结构或连词（either…or，neither…nor，not…but，notonly…butalso，or等）连接的并列主语，谓语动词与较近的那个名词或代词保持一致。NeitherhisparentsnorTom_____(be)athome.2.在倒装句和therebe句型中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。There_____(be)abookandsomepensonthedesk.There______(come)thebus.3.在定语从句中，关系代词作主语，其谓语动词应与它所指代的先行词保持一致。Iknowthemanwho_____(be)talkingtomyfather.4.在强调句中，连接代词又在句中作主语，这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。ItisMary’sbrotherwho_____(be)injuredinthecaraccidentyesterday.5.从句、不定式、动名词等作