考博英语模拟试卷232

考博英语模拟试卷232

一、词汇（本题共30题，每题7.0分，共30分。）

1、Theaccommodationwascheap,butthefoodwasvery.

A、high

BNcostly

C、dear

D^overpaid

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题中间的bin一词要求考生找出前一分句中cheap的反义词。四个

选项中，可以首先排除A和D,因为A项high的反义词是low,D项overpaid的

反义词是underpaidoB和C都能表示"昂贵”的意思,但C项dear常跟price,

shop,rale等搭配，所以B为正确答案。

2、Fortunatelytheactingandphotographyaresogoodthattheysomehowmanageto

thelimitationofthefilmplot.

A、trace

transcend

C、tranquilize

D、trail

标准答案：B

知识点解析：A项trace意为“追查；仔细查找”;B项transcend意为“超越；超

出”；C项tranquilize意为“（用药物）使人或动物镇静，昏迷”；D项irail意为“追

踪；跟踪；（因疲倦、厌烦）慢吞吞地走在后面本句的意思是“幸运的是，表演和

摄影非常出色，从某种程度上弥补了影片情节的不足。”所以正确答案是B项c

3、Scientistsgenerallyholdthatlanguagehasbeensolonginusethatthelengthoftime

writingisknowntocoverisincomparison.

A^overwhelming

BNuninspiring

C>astounding

D^trifling

标准答案；D

知识点解析：本题中，D项trifling“微不足道的”符合题意。其他三项

overwhelming”压倒性的”,uninspiring”不鼓舞人的”,astounding”令人惊骇的“都不

正确。

4、Typically,thesechildrenofDemocratsswitchedandjoinedtheRepublican

Partyduringthe1980s.

A^authenticity

B、arrogance

C、alliance

D、allegiance

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

5、Hewasseriouslyinjuredinacaraccident,whichwasiofaultybrakes.

A、attributed

contributed

C、blamed

D、applied

标准答案：A

知识点解析:attributed归因于...。

6、Whenthechairmanvisitedthedistricthitbytheearthquake,heoftensignaledforthe

childrentocometohim.

A^denied

B、adored

C^beckoned

D^allowed

标准答案：C

知识点解析：signalfor发信号，打信号示意。beckon（用手或头的动作）示意，召

唤。deny否认，拒绝。adore喜爱，爱慕。allow允许，承认。

7、Theschemewaswhenitwasdiscovereditwouldbeverycostly.

A、resigned

B、surrendered

C、released

D、abandoned

标准答案：D

知识点解析：四个选项均可表示“放弃resign侧重于放弃资格、身份等；

surrender则为放弃某种特权；release指放弃某种权利、要求。abandon多指放弃财

产、信仰、计划等。因为放弃的对象为scheme（计划，方案），所以选项为D。

8、Arapidportfolioturnoverratemayprecludelowlong-termcapitalgains.

A、prohibit

B>lag

C、prevent

D、reject

标准答案：C

知识点解析：preclude阻止，防止，使不可能。prevent防止。prohibit禁止，严

禁。lag落后于。reject拒绝。

9、Processesinthehumanbodyarenotinallrespectsexactlytothose,thatcan

beproducedintheexperimentalanimals.

A、comparative

B、comparable

C^competitive

D、compatible

标准答案：B

知识点解析：comparable在这里的意思是“比得上的”,后跟parative比较

的，相当的；competitive竞争的；compatible合适的，协调的。这三个词通常都不

足介词tOo

10、Notuntilthe1980'sinBeijingstarttofindwaystopreservehistoric

buildingsfromdestruction.

A、someconcernedcitizens

someconcerningcitizens

C^didsomeconcerningcitizens

D^didsomeconcernedcitizens

标准答案：D

知识点解析：这是一个典型的倒装句型，且表示“关心的”应该用concerned,

concerning的意思是“有关的"，所以选D。

11、Livinginpoverty,Johnsoldfbr500dollarstheofhismother'sfirstwork

whichmadeherfamous.

A、document

B、file

C、duplicate

D、manuscript

标准答案：D

知识点解析：documen【文件，档案，文献；file文件，档案，卷宗；duplicate复制

品,副本；manuscript手稿，原稿。

12、Theytriedtodrivetheirhorseintotheriver,buthesimplycouldnot.

A、budge

B、surge

C、trudge

D、dredge

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

13、Thiscomputerisup-to-dateafewshortcomingshereandthere.

A^except

B、exceptfor

C、exceptthat

D、but

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题四个选项都有“除……之外'’的意思，但是C项excepiihal后需跟

从句，因此可以将其排除。A项except和D项but通常指所排除的人或事物是整体

的一部分，或者与整体属于一类。如There'snooneherebutme.和1canlakemy

holidayatanytimeexceptinAugust.B项exceptfor可以用来指所排除的人或事血不

是整体的一部分或者不与整体属于一类，而是整体的一个例外。因此B项为正确

答案。

14、WalkingisBritain'smostpopularoutdoorandisthemostpleasantand

satisfyingwayofdiscoveringthecountryside.

A、pastime

B、recreation

C、entertainment

D、pursuit

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

15、HenryDavidThoreauusedtoramblethroughthewoodsbeforehewrotehismost

famousbookWalden(1854).

A、roam

linger

C、wonder

D、browse

标准答案：A

知识点解析：ramble散步，闲逛。roam漫步，闲逛。linger逗留，留恋。wonder惊

讶，惊奇。browse浏览，吃草。

16^Housewiveswhodonotgoouttoworkoftenfeeltheyarenotworkingtotheir

full.

A、capacity

B、strength

C>length

D、possibility

标准答案：A

知识点解析：A项“能力，智能”；B项“力量，力气，强度，人数”；C项“长度”；

D项“可能性”。

17、Bethcouldhercoateasilybecauseithaslargeredbuttons.

A^justify

B、identify

C、prove

D、test

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题空格处是说容易辨别她的外套。B项的identify”识别”符合题

意。其他三项justify，证明……是正当的"；prove“证明"；test”测试，检验”都不正

确。

18、Hebecameawarethathehadlosthisaudiencesincehehadnotbeenabletotalk

aroundonetopic.

A、coherently

B、initiatively

C、flexibly

D、pointedly

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

19、Ashiftfromnativebronzetoironartifactstookplaceundertheinfluenceofcultural

borrowings.

A、transition

transmission

C、transaction

D、transference

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题中，shift的意思是“变化，转移”，四个选项中，transition的意思

是“转变，跃迁，过渡”，如：（hefrequenliransilionofwealher（天气的变化无常）。

transmission的意思是“播送，发射”：transaction的意思是“交易，处理”；

transference的意思是“转移，转送只有A符合题意。

20、Inordertohelpthestudentsgetabetterunderstandingofthenewconception,the

professoritwithmanyexamples.

A、enchanted

B、dissipated

C、eliminated

D、illustrated

标准答案：D

知识点解析：（illustrate用例子说明）。句意为:为了让学生们更好地理解这个新概

念，教授用许多例证对它进行阐释。A.enchant使心醉；B.dissipate挥霍；

C.eliminate消灭。

21、Thepoliticiansayshewillthewelfareofthepeople.

A^preyon

B、takeon

C、getal

D、seeto

标准答案：D

知识点解析：从句子上下文及四个选择项来推测，空格单词的意义是“注意，关

怀”。seeto负责，注意，照顾；preyon捕食，杀害；takeon承担，接受任务；get

at弄清楚，发现。句意：该政治家称他会确保人民的福利。

22Sheissothatshecriedfordayswhenherpetrabbitdied.

A^sensitive

B、sensible

C、sensory

D、senseless

标准答案：A

知识点解析：sensilive敏感的，一般修饰人；sensible可觉察的，明显的，一般修

饰物；sensory意为“感觉的，传递感觉的”，与题意不符；senseless意为“无知觉

的，愚蠢的\句意：她如此的敏感以至于当她的宠物兔子死了以后还哭了好几

天。

23、Apartnerinabusinessisthepartnerofleastimportance.

A、minor

B、junior

C^major

D、senior

标准答案：B

知识点解析：junior年少的.较年幼的：资历较浅的.等级较低的：minor较少

的，极少的；次要的；major主要的；（极）大的；senior年长的；资历较深的，（级

别、权位等）较高的。句意：商业活动中，资历较浅的合作人是最不重要的合作

人。

24、Duringaperiodofprotractedillness,thesickcanbecomeinfirm,boththe

strengthtoworkandmanyofthespecificskillstheyoncepossessed.

A^regaining

B、denying

C、pursuing

D^losing

标准答案：D

知识点解析：（lose失去）。句意为：身患痼疾，病人的身体就会虚弱，既丧失工作

能力又失去许多已有的特殊技能。A.regain恢复；C.deny否认：D.pursue追

求。

25、Vostokisclosetothecoldestspotintheworld,whereanminus128.6°F

wasrecordedin1983.

A^unreliable

B、extra

C、incredible

D、impossible

标准答案：C

知识点解析：incredible表示“难以置信的，不可相信的"；unreliable意为“不可信赖

的，不可靠的“；extra表示“额外的"；impossible表示“不可能的”。句意：Vostok

与世界上最冷的地方相邻。那里有记我的最低温度是1983年记录的令人难以置信

的华氏零下128.6度。

26>Themodernageisapermissiveoneinwhichthingscanbesaidexplicitly,butthe

oldtraditonofdieshard.

A^talkativeness

B、exaggeration

C、condemnation

D、euphemism

标准答案：D

知识点解析：（euphemism委婉说法）。句意为：当代是一个宽容的时代，事情可以

清楚地说出来，但是委婉的老传统很难消亡。A.lalkaliveness多嘴；

B.exaggeration夸张：C.condemnation谴责。

27、Andthetopic"fat"isforbidden.Eventheslightestpaunchbetraysthatoneislosing

thetrimandofyouth.

A、vague

vigor

C、vogue

vulgar

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题的空格处应为“青年人的整洁和活力vigor意为“精力，活

力”，符合题意。其他三项“vague含糊的，不清楚的；vogue时髦，流行：vulgarW

俗的，普通的“都不正确。

28、Thepeoplefbrtheexperimentwerechosencompletely,

A、atlength

B、inessence

C、allaiidvin

D、inbulk

标准答案：C

知识点解析：C项“atrandom任意，随机地”符合题意。其他三项“A项allenglh最

后，详细地；B项inessence本质上；D项inbulk散装，大量”都不正确。本题意

为“参加实验的人员完全是被随意地挑选出来的”。因此C项为正确答案。

29、EarlyexponentsofsciencefictionsuchasJulesVerneandH.G.Wellsexplored

withzestthefuturepossibilitiesopeneduptotheoptimisticimaginationbymodem

technology.

A、inspiration

B、enthusiasm

C、fantasy

D^endeavor

标准答案：B

知识点解析：zest热情，热心：enthusiasm兴趣，热情：inspiration灵感，鼓舞人心

的人或事；fantasy幻想;endeavor努力。

30、humanproblemsthatrepeatthemselvesinliferepeatthemselvesin

literature.

A、/,/,the

B、/,the,/

C、The,/,/

D、The,the,the

标准答案：A

知识点解析：此题考查的是定冠词ihe的用法。可数名词前已有作定语的物主代词

时不用定冠词the；固定词组中不用定冠词the,如inlife。本题的句意是，“在生活

中不断重复的人类问题也不断地出现在文学里所以正确答案是A项。

二、阅读理解(本题共1”题，每题7.0分，共7"

分。)

Bythe1820sintheUnitedStates,whensteamboatswerecommononwesternwaters,

theseboatsweremostlypoweredbyenginesbuiltintheWest(Pittsburgh,Cincinnati,or

Louisville),andofadistinctivewesterndesignspeciallysuitedtowesternneeds.The

firststeamenginesinpracticaluseinEnglandandtheUnitedStateswereoflow-pressure

design.ThiswasthetypefirstdevelopedbyJamesWait,thenmanufactured'bythefirm

ofBoultonandWatt.Steamwasaccumulatedinalarge,double-actingverticalcylinder,

butthesteamreachedonlyafewpoundsofpressurepersquareinch.Itwaslow-pressure

enginesofthistypethatvzerefirstintroducedintotheUnitedStatesbyRobertFulton.He

importedsuchaBoultonandWattenginefromEnglandtoruntheClermont.Butthis

typeofenginewasexpensiveandcomplicated,requiringmanyprecision-fittedmoving

parts.Theenginethatbecamestandardonwesternsteamboatswasofadifferentand

noveldesign.ItwastheworkprimarilyofanunsungheroofAmericanindustrial

progress.OliverEvans(1755—1819)wastheself-educatedsonofaDelawarefanner.

Evansearlybecameobsessedbythepossibilitiesofmechanizedproductionandsteam

power.Asearlyas1802hewasusingastationarysteamengineofhigh-pressuredesign

inhismill.Enginesofthistypewerenotunknown,butbeforeEvanstheyweregenerally

consideredimpracticalanddangerous.Withinadecadethehigh-pressureengine,thenew

typehadbecomestandardonwesternwaters.Criticsignorantofwesternconditionsoften

attackeditaswastefulanddangerous.ButpeoplewhoreallyknewtheOhio,the

Missouri,andtheMississippiinsisted,withgoodreasons,thatitwastheonlyenginefor

them.Inshallowwesternriverstheweightofvesselandenginewasimportant;aheavy

engineaddedtotheproblemofnavigation.Thehigh-pressureenginewasfarlighterin

proportiontohorsepower,and,withlessthanhalfasmanymovingparts,wasmuch

easierandcheapertorepair.Themainadvantagesoflow-pressureenginesweresafe

operationandeconomyoffuelconsumption,neitherofwhichmeantmuchintheWest.

(354words)

31、Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本篇讲述的是OliverEvans如何把英国已有的蒸汽发动机改造成一种

非常适合美国西部河流特色的蒸汽发动机。

32、Inthe1820s,thesteamenginesusedinthewesternAmericawere.

标准答案:B

知识点解析：文章第一段第三句说，第一代轮船发动机是低压的，第二段开始叙说

第二代蒸汽发动机。Evans根据西部河流的特点采用了高压设计，所以到了19世

纪20年代，行驶在美国西部河流的蒸汽船都是高压设计的。

33、WhichstatementofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：参考第二段第四句，…nolunknown“不是不知道”。

34、Whatcanwelearnaboutthewesternriversfromthepassage?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：第二段倒数第三句中有“shallow”一词。

35、Whichofthefollowingpointswasmadebythecriticsofhigh-pressureengines?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：第二段第六句中的“wastefu『就是“费油的”之意。

Forlaymenethnologyisprobablythemostinterestingofthebiologicalsciencesforthe

veryreasonthatitconcernsanimalsintheirnormalactivitiesandtherefore,ifwewish,

wecanassessthepossibledangersandadvantagesinourownbehavioralroots.

Ethnologyalsoisinterestingmethodologicallybecauseitcombinesinnewwaysvery

scrupulousfieldobservationswithexperimentationsinlaboratories.Thefieldworkers

havehadsomehandicapsinwinningrespectforthemselves.Foralongtimetheywere

consideredaslittlebetterthanamateuranimal-watchcrs-ccrtainlynotscientists,since

theirfactswerenotgainedbyexperimentalprocedures:theycouldnotconformtothe

hard-and-fastrulethataproblemsetupandsolvedbyonescientistmustbetestedby

otherscientists,underidenticalconditionsandreachingidenticalresults.Ofcoursemany

situationsinthelivesofanimalssimplycannotberehearsedandcontrolledinthisway.

Thefallflockingofwildfroebirdscan'tbe,orthehomingofanimalsoverlong

distances,orevendetailsofspontaneousfamilyrelationships.Sincethesenevercanbe

reproducedinalaboratory,aretheythennotworthknowingabout?Theethnologistswho

choosefieldworkhavegotthemselvesoutofthisimpassebygreatlyrefiningthe

techniquesofobserving.Atthestartofaprojectalltheanimalstobestudiedarelive-

trapped,markedindividually,andreleased.Motionpictures,oftenincolonprovide

permanentrecordsoftheirsubsequentactivities.Recordingoftheanimals'voicesby

electricalsoundequipmentisconsideredessential,andthemostmeticulousnotesare

keptofallthatoccurs.Withthismaterialotherbiologists,farfromthescene,latercan

verifythereports.Moreover,twofieldobserversoftengoouttogether,checkingeach

other'sobservationsrightthereinthefield.Ethnology,theword,isderivedfromthe

Greekethos,meaningthecharacteristictraitsorfeatureswhichdistinguishagroup-any

particulargroupofpeopleor,inbiology,agroupofanimalssuchasaspecies.

Ethnologistshavetheintentionofstudying"thewholesequenceofactswhichconstitute

ananimal'sbehavior."Inabridgeddictionariesethnologyissometimesdefinedsimplyas

"theobjectivestudyofanimalbehavior,"andethnologistsdoemphasizetheirwishto

eliminatemyths.

36、Inthefirstsentence,theword"laymen'*,means.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：layman是门外汉的意思，这里是指牛•物学家以外的人。

37、Accordingtothepassage,ethnologyis.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：从文章第一二段可知。

38^"Thefieldworkershavehandicapsinwinningrespectforthemselves."This

sentencemeans.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：文中第二段中“Foralongtimetheywereconsideredaslittlebetterthan

amateuranimalwatchers,certainlynotscientists”说明人种学家在赢得人们的承认上

又过很大的障碍。

39、Accordingtotheexplanationofthescientificruleofexperimentinthepassage,

"hard-and-fast"meansexperimentprocedures.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：文中对其的解释“aproblemsetupandsolvedbyonescientistmustbe

testedbyotherscientists,underidenticalconditionsandreachingidenticalresults”与

C”必须严格遵循，以免出现假的和不严谨(不确切)的结果”相符。

40Themeaningoftheunderlinedwordsin"thedetailsofspontaneousfamily

relationships"canbeexpressedas.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：从文中第二段后半部分讨论的就是动物的许多行为都是不可预知和控

制的，包括自发的亲属行为。

Onebusyday,Iwasracingaroundtryingtogettoomuchdone,and1exclaimedtomy

threekidsinthecar,"Wecangetboththingsdoneandkilltwobirdswithonestone!*'My

daughterAnniequietlysuggested,"Youmeanfeedtwobirdswithonecrumb,Mom,

don'tyou?"Istoppedshort,realizinghowsteepedmylanguageisinthecultureofwar.I

hadused"weapon"languagewithoutevenknowingit.Iwasembarrassedandyetfelta

grace:ifachildcanbecomeconsciousofusinganewlanguageofpeace,thenthereis

hope.Thinkaboutthebusinesslanguage:strategies,bullets,high-caliber,powerpoint;

aboutwin-losesportslanguagelike"decimate'*,"attack","destroytheotherteam",notto

mentionthemoviesandvideogamesthatsimulatethemostgruesomeannihilationsover

andover.Theliesofpropaganda,one-sidedmediacoverage,thealienationofothers

(thoseterrorists,theaxisofevil),allpartofthe"collectivepsychicnumbing"ofour

times.Thebiggestlieofallisthatnuclearweaponsarego,ngtoprotectus.Nuclear

weaponsarcanassaultonourlife,ourplanet,andontheCreatoroftheuniverse.Itseems

toafflictwhatourpeoplecouldbeasaresultofthemessseemingtoobigtohandlefor

theaverageperson,disconnectedanddisempowered.Whentheworldfoodprogramme

forchildrenequalsI/70thoftheannualworldmilitaryexpense,weseewhatacrisiswe

arein.YetitinspiredhopewiththelifeexamplesofMohandasGandhi,MartinLuther

King,NelsonMandela,MotherTeresa,OscarRomeroandothers.Eachspiritualleader

livedthemaxim,"nojustice,nopeace,"nonviolentlyinsistingonthetruth,speakingtruth

topowerwithoutharmingothersorstrippingtheirdignity.Imagineifwefocusedonthis

commonality,ratherthanwhatdividesus;imagineifreligionsandreligiousleaders

promulgatedaglobalcultureofpeaceandtolerance.Wedonothavetofeel

overwhelmed;thatU.N.structures,NGOdocuments,UNESCOdeclarations,peoples'

ideasforeducationexistalready,thattheinternetisarichsourceofcounterculture

information,connectednessandhope.Ofwhatuseisavoteormedicalcareinawar-torn

society?Acultureofwarislikeahouseofcards;thehousecanfallandgiverise,like

thephoenix,toanewcultureofpeace.Therearcthreefundamentalwaystobuilda

cultureofpeace:understand,participate,communicate.I'llbetourchildrencanthinkof

50more,goingoutandwagingpeace.

41sHowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthecurrentculture?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：读完了整篇文章，我们发现作者的态度在第1、2段有鲜明的表现。

我们能强烈地感受到作者对如今这种战争文化的反感和气愤。因此选项C“义愤填

膺的”为正确答案。

42、Whatcanwelearnfromthesecondparagraph?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：文章中只是提到电影和电子游戏中的暴力镜头，并没有提真实生活中

的暴力，故排除A；文中说最大的一个谎言就是核武器是用来保护我们的，故C

不对；军费开支巨大与存在军备竞赛并不构成直接的因果美系，D也不对。只有D

符合文意。

43、Bysaying"imagineifreligionsandreligiousleaderspromulgated...tolerance."

(Line5,Para.3)theauthormeans.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：结合上下文我们发现作者在第3段列举了一些著名的人物，他们以非

暴力方式争取自由和人权的事迹被人们歌颂。接下来作者感叹“假如……会怎样？''

可见作者在呼唤大家向那些人物学习。D是对原文的反向描述。因此正确答案是

Do

44、Thestatement"Acultureofwarislikeahouseofcards1*(Line10,lastparagraph)

impliesexcept.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：我们看它的上下文发现，它后面的一句话跟它联系颇为紧密：它会倒

塌然后重生，就像凤凰涅磐变成一个崭新的和平的文明。由卡片搭成的房子肯定是

不安全、不可靠、可以被摧毁的；至于它是否会引起战争，答案是肯定的，但不是

这句话所表达的意思。因此根据题目要求我们选择C为正确答案。

45、Fromthepassagewelearnthattheauthoris.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：我们看完了整篇文章感受到的是作者对和平的呼唤、对战争文化的声

讨，因此可以确定她一定是爱好和平的人。至于她的职业和宗教信仰我们无法断

定。因此选项A为正确答案。

Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraisetocold

cash,affectmotivationandcreativity.Behaviorists,whostudytherelationbetween

actionsandtheirconsequences,arguethatrewardscanimproveperformanceatworkand

school.Cognitiveresearchers,whostudy;variousaspectsofmentallife,maintainthat

rewardsoftendestroycreativitybyencouragingdependenceonapprovalandgiftsfrom

others.Thelatterviewhasgainedmanysupporters,especiallyamongeducators.Butthe

carefuluseofsmallmonetaryrewardssparkscreativityingrade-schoolchildren,

suggestingthatproperlypresentedinducementsindeedaidinventiveness,accordingtoa

studyintheJuneJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology."Ifkidsknowthey're

workingforarewardandcanfocusonarelativelychallengingtask,theyshowthemost

creativity,"saysRobertEisenbergeroftheUniversityofDelawareinNewark,"Butit's

easytokillcreativitybygivingrewardsforpoorperfoimanceorcreatingtoomuch

anticipationforrewards.1'Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwho

handsouthighgradesforordinaryachievementendsupwithuninspiredstudents,

Eisenbergerholds.Asanexampleofthelatterpoint,henotesgrowingeffortsatmajor

universitiestotightengradingstandardsandrestorefailinggrades.Inearliergrades,the

useofso-calledtokeneconomies,inwhichstudentshandlechallengingproblemsand

receiveperfbrmance-basedpointstowardvaluedrewards,showspromiseinraisingeffort

andcreativity,theDelawarepsychologistclaims.

46Psychologistsaredividedwithregardtotheirattitudestoward.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

47、Whichofthefollowingcanbestraisestudents'creativityaccordingtoRobert

Eisenberger?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

48、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmajoruniversitiesaretryingtotightentheir

gradingstandardsbecausetheybelieve.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

49、Thephrase"tokeneconomies"(LineI,Para.3)probablyrefersto.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

Asthetwentiethcenturybegan,theimportanceofformaleducationintheUnitedStates

increased.Thefrontierhadmostlydisappearedandby1910mostAmericanslivedin

townsandcities.Industrializationandthebureaucratizationofeconomiclifecombined

withanewemphasisuponcredentialsandexpertisetomakeschoolingincreasingly

importantforeconomicandsocialmobility.Increasingly,too,schoolswereviewedasthe

mostimportantmeansofintegratingimmigrantsintoAmericansociety.Thearrivalofa

greatwaveofsouthernandeasternEuropeanimmigrantsattheturnofthecentury

coincidedwithandcontributedtoanenormousexpansionofformalschooling.By1920

schoolingtoagefourteenorbeyondwascompulsoryinmoststates,andtheschoolyear

wasgreatlylengthened.Kindergartens,vacationschools,extracurricularactivities,and

vocationaleducationandcounselingextendedtheinfluenceofpublicschoolsoverthe

livesofstudents,manyofwhominthelargerindustrialcitieswerethechildrenof

immigrants.Classesforadultimmigrantsweresponsoredbypublicschools,

corporations,unions,churches,settlementhouses,andotheragencies.Reformersearlyin

thetwentiethcenturysuggestedthateducationprogramsshouldsuittheneedsofspecific

population.Immigrantwomenwereonesuchpopulation.Schoolstriedtoeducateyoung

womensotheycouldoccupyproductiveplacesintheurbanindustrialeconomy,andone

placemanyeducatorsconsideredappropriateforwomenwasthehome.

50、ItcanbeinferredfromparagraphIthatoneimportantfactorintheincreasing

importanceofeducationintheUnitedStateswas.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

51、Thephrase"coincidedwith"inline8isclosestinmeaningto.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

52、Accordingtothepassage,oneimportantchangeinUnitedStateseducationbythe

1920^wasthat.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

53、Vacationschoolsandextracurricularactivitiesarementionedinlines11〜12to

illustrate.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

54、Accordingtothepassage,early-twentieth-cenluryeducationreformersbelievedthat

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

Thestudyofsocialscienceismorethanthestudyoftheindividualsocialsciences.

Althoughitistruethattobeagoodsocialscientistyoumustknoweachofthose

components,youmustalsoknowhowtheyinterrelate.Byspecializingtooearly,many

socialscientistscanlosesightoftheinterrelationshipsthataresoessentialto

understandingmodernproblems.That'swhyitisnecessarytohaveacoursecoveringall

thesocialsciences.Infact,itwouldnotsurprisemeifonedayanewsstorysuchasthe

oneaboveshouldappear.Theprecedingpassageplacedyouinthefuture.Tounderstand

howandwhensocialsciencebrokeup,youmustgointothepast.Imagineforamoment

thatyou'reastudentin1062,intheItaliancityofBologna,siteofoneofthefirstmajor

universitiesinthewesternworld.Theuniversityhasnobuildings.Itconsistsmerelyofa

fewprofessorsandstudents.Thereisnotuitionfee.Attheendofaprofessor'slecture,if

youlikeit,youpay.Andifyoudon'tlikeit,theprofessorfindshimselfwithoutstudents

andwithoutmoney.Ifwegobackstillearlier,saytoGreeceinthesixthcenturyB.C.,

wecanseethephilosopherSocrateswalkingaroundthestreetsofAthens,arguingwith

hiscompanions.Heasks:hemquestions,andthenotherquestions,leadingthesepeople

toreasonthewayhewantsthemtoreason(thisbecameknownastheSocraticmethod).

Timeshavechangedsincethen;universitiessprangupthroughouttheworldandcreated

collegeswithintheuniversities.Oxford,oneofthefirstuniversities,nowhasthirty

collegesassociatedwithit,andthedevelopmentandformalizationofeducational

institutionshaschangedtherolesofbothstudentsandfaculty.Asknowledge

accumulated,itbecamemoreandmoredifficultforonepersontolearn,letaloneretainit

all.Inthesixteenthcenturyonecouldstillaspiretoknowalltherewastoknow,andthe

definitionoftheRenaissanceman(peoplewereevenmoresexistthenthantheyarenow)

wasofonewhowasexpectedtoknowabouteverything.Unfortunately,atleastfor

someonewhowantstoknoweverything,theamountofinformationcontinuestogrow

exponentiallywhilethesizeofthebrainhasgrownonlyslightly.Thewaytodealwith

theproblemisnottotrytoknoweverythingabouteverything.Todaywemustspecialize.

Thatiswhysocialscienceseparatedfromthenaturalsciencesandwhyit,inturn,has

beenbrokendownintovarioussubfields,suchasanthropologyandsociology.

55、Whatisthemainideaofthistext?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：文章第1句即为题旨所在：“Thestudyofsocialscienceismorethanthe

studyoftheindividualsocialsciences.”

56、Whatcanwelearnfromthesecondparagraph?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：Socralicmelhod以苏格拉底的名字命名，并且为他所第一个使用，他

是Socraticmethod无可争议的创始人。

57、Whydoestheauthorsay"peoplewereevenmoresexistthenthantheyarenow"?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：这个答案可能有些出乎意料，但这是有据可依的。西方女权主义兴起

之时，类似这种名词都受到过挑战。最为大家熟知的，就是Ms.这一称谓的诞生。

且作者是在括号中说到这句话，故可看出这句话与文意本无甚大关系。

58、Whatdoestheunderlinedword'Exponentially"meaninthefirstsentenceofthelast

paragraph?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：exponentially的本意是“指数地”。大家都知道“呈指数倍增长”是极快

速的增长，这里的exponentially也就是rapidly“快速地”意思。

59、Wecaninferfromthetextthat.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：人的精力是有限的，随着知识与信息的爆炸，社会科学的分科必然会

越来越细,越来越专。A认为“Socialsciencecannotbedividedintosubfields"，事实

恰恰相反。笔者个人认为未来实在不可能出现RenaissanceMan了。知识爆炸的速

度远非人脑力可及。

Howmanythingscanyouseeinthenightsky?Alot!Onaclearnightyoumightseethe

Moon,someplanets,andthousandsofsparklingstars.Youcanseeevenmorewitha

telescope.Youmightseestarswherebeforeyouonlysawdarkspace.Youmightseethat

manystarslooklargerthanothers.Youmightsecthatsomestarsthatlookwhiteare

reallyredorblue.Withbiggerandbiggertelescopesyoucanseemoreandmoreobjects

inthesky.Andyoucanseethoseobjectsinmoreandmoredetails.Butscientistsbelieve

therearesomethingsintheskythatwewillneversee.Wewon'tseethemwiththe

biggesttelescopeintheworld,ontheclearestnightoftheyear.That'sbecausethey're

invisible.They'rethemysteriousdeadstarscalledblackholes.Youmightfindithardto

imaginethatstarsdie.Afterall,ourSunisastar.Yearafteryearweseeitupinthesky

burningbrightly,givingusheatandlight.TheSuncertainlydoesn'tseemtobegettingold

orweak.Butstarsdoburnoutanddieafterbillionsofyears.Asastar'sgasesburnJhcy

giveofflightandheat.Butwhenthegasrunsoul,thestarstopsburningandbeginstodie.

Asthestarcools,theouterlayersofthestarpullintowardthecenter.Thestarsquashes

intoasmallerandsmallerball.Ifthestarwasvery