【高一下期末】天津市南开区2021-2022学年高一下学期期末阶段性质量监测英语试题（解析版）

2/22021—2022学年度阶段性质量监测高一年级英语注意事项：1.本部分听力考试共15小题，满分为20分。考生务必将答案涂写在答题卡的对应位置上，答在试卷上的无效。2.录音材料播放时，考生可将答案标在试卷上；录音材料播放完毕后，考生都将有2分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡的对应位置上。3.转涂答案时，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。第一部分（共两节，满分20分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£9.15.B.£15.19.C.£19.15.答案为C。1.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Inalibrary..B.Atabookstore..C.Inamuseum..2.Whatdoesthemanwanttocutoutofpaper?A.Afish.B.Abird.C.Amonkey.3.Whatwastheweatherlikeinthemountainsyesterday?A.Sunny.B.Windy.C.Snowy.4.Whichclubwillthemanjoin?A.Thefilmclub.B.Thetravelclub.C.Thesportsclub.5.Whenwillthefilmstart?A.At5:00.B.At6:00.C.At7:00.第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）听下面几段材料。每段材料后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段材料前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段材料读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6至第8小题。6.WhenwilltheGlastonburyFestivalend?A.OnJune24th.B.OnJune28th.C.OnJune30th.7.HowmuchdoesitcosttotakeacoachtoCastleCary?A.£30.B.£35.20.C.£70.40.8Whatdoesthemansuggestbringing?A.Umbrellas.B.Somefood.C.Arainjacket.听下面一段对话，回答第9至第11小题。9.HowdidthewomanfeelaboutEmpty?A.Interesting.B.Clever.C.Boring.10.WhatdoesthewomanthinkofthosecardboardboxescalledFuture?A.Shelikesitverymuch.B.Hercatwouldlovetoplayinthem.C.Itisbetterthantraditionalpaintings.11.Whichofthefollowingdoesthemandisagreewith?A.TheworkLivingRoomisnotart.B.Everydayobjectscanalsobeart.C.Artshouldhavedifferentmeaningsforeveryone.听下面一段材料，回答第12至第15小题。12.Whowouldliketomakesmalltalkaccordingtothespeaker?ARelatives.B.Strangers.C.Visitors.13.Whydopeoplehavesmalltalk?A.Toexpressopinions.B.Toavoidarguments.C.Toshowfriendliness.14.Whichofthefollowingisafrequenttopicinsmalltalk?A.Politics.B.Movies.C.Salaries.15.Whatdoesthespeakerrecommendattheendofhislecture?A.Askingopen—endedquestions.B.Feelingfreetochangetopics.C.Makingsmalltalkinteresting.第Ⅰ卷注意事项：1.答第I卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考号填写在答题卡上。2.每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。3.本卷共55小题，共95分。（含听力）第一部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分40分）第一节单项填空（共10小题：每小题1分，满分10分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个可以填入空白处的最佳选项。例:Standoverthereyou'llheablatoseeithatterA.orB.andC.butD.while答案是B。1.—MayIuseyourdictionary?I’mstuckinthesentence.—It’sjustonmydesk.________.A.Gotit B.Mypleasure C.Helpyourself D.Comeon【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——我可以用一下你的字典吗？我被一个句子困住了。——它就在我的桌子上。请随意。A.Gotit懂了，明白了；B.Mypleasure很高兴能为你效劳；C.Helpyourself请自便；D.Comeon快点，加油，得了吧。结合“它就在我的桌子上”可知，说话一方请另一方随意使用字典。故选C。2.（2016·浙江）onlineshoppinghaschangedourlife,notallofitseffectshavebeenpositive.A.Since B.AfterC.While D.Unless【答案】C【解析】【详解】试题分析：句意：尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活，但是不是其所有的影响都是积极的。while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”；since既然，自从；after在……之后；unless除非。故选C。考点：考查连词。【名师点睛】这几个词都是连词，要分清每个连词短语的含义和用法，做题时关键看上下文和逻辑关系。since引导原因/时间状语从句；after引导时间状语从句；while引导让步/时间状语从句；unless引导的是条件状语从句。while的用法比较多，不仅仅在选择题中经常出现，学生在做阅读理解、完形填空的时候，遇到while一定要判断它的准确含义，以便于正确理解句子的意思。3.Insomecountries,peopleeatwithchopsticks,whilein,knivesandforks.A.another B.othersC.both D.all【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查代词。句意：在一些国家，人们用筷子吃饭；然而在另一些国家，人们用刀子和叉子。A.another另一个；B.others其他人或物，泛指；C.both两者都；D.all全部。根据句意，此处考查Some…others...，表示“一些……另一些……”，故选B。4.Ourclubisopentoeveryone____age,sexoreducationalbackground.A.dueto B.exceptforC.alongwith D.regardlessof【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查短语辨析。句意：我们的俱乐部对每个人都开放，无论年龄，性别或是教育背景。A.dueto由于；B.exceptfor除……之外；C.alongwith和……一起；D.regardlessof无论。这里意思是“无论年龄，性别或是教育背景”，根据句意和语境，故选D。5.Throughthisactivity,manystudentsnowunderstandwhatgreatdifficultytheirparentshavehad________themup.A.raise B.raising C.raised D.toraise【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：通过这次活动，许多学生现在明白了他们的父母养育他们有多么大的困难。固定搭配：havedifficulty(in)doingsth.“在做某事上有困难”，省略介词in时，现在分词作伴随状语。故选B。6.Withonlineshoppingincreasinglypopular,theInternetisseenasa(n)________wayofreachingtargetcustomers.A.temporary B.complex C.accurate D.efficient【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：随着网上购物的快速流行，网络被看作是获得消费者的最有效的方法。temporary临时的；complex复杂的；accurate精确的；efficient有效的。这里表示“网络被看作是获得消费者的最有效的方法”。故选D。7.Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitiestheycangainexperienceforgrowth.A.who B.when C.which D.where【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：学生应该参加社团活动，在那里他们可以获得成长的经验。首先分析句子结构，可知这里含有一个限定性定语从句，且关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故选D。【点睛】被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它需要放在被修饰的词（即先行词）之后。定语从句一般由关系代词来引导。关系代词必须放在定语从句之首。定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。8.I________toHuizhouwhenIsuddenlyfoundthatIwasonthewrongroad.A.woulddrive B.havedriven C.wasdriving D.drove【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查时态。句意：我正开车去往徽州，突然我发现走错路了。本空在句中做谓语动词，句子后面有when引导句子，本句应用了固定结构：bedoing...when...，意为“正在做……这时（突然）……”，结合谓语found可知，事情发生在过去，所以drive用过去进行时态。故选C项。9.Ifthereisalotofwork_________．I’mhappytojustkeeponuntilitisfinished．A.todo B.tobedoingC.done D.doing【答案】A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果有很多工作要做，我很乐意一直把它做完。分析句子可知，用不定式做定语表示未发生的动作，放在被修饰词的名词、代词后，此处todo在句中做定语修饰work，主动形式表示被动含义，故选A。10.Asagrassrootssinger,shereadseverythingshecan______concerningmusic,andtakeseveryopportunitytoimproveherself.A.catchsightof B.getholdofC.takechargeof D.makementionof【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：作为一名草根歌手，她阅读能够找到的关于音乐的一切，并且抓住每一个提高自己的机会。A.catchsightof看见；B.Getholdof找到某物以供使用；C.Takechargeof控制；D.makementionof提到。根据takeseveryopportunitytoimproveherself.可知，，她阅读能够找到的关于音乐的一切，并且抓住每一个提高自己的机会。故选B。【点睛】本题考查短语词义辨析及语境理解。选项是动词+名词+of的结构。还有一些类似结构，如：getthebestof胜过makethebestof充分利用，妥善处理；getthebetterof打败；takecareof照顾，照料；taketheplaceof代替，考生平时要多积累多总结。第二节完形填空（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16~30各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个最佳选项，将短文内容补充完整。MichaelGreenbergisaverypopularNewYorker.Heisnotfamousinsportsorthearts.Butpeopleinthestreets___11___him,especiallythosewhoarepoor.Forthosepeople,heis“Gloves”(手套)Greenberg.Howdidhegetthat___12___?Helookslikeanyotherbusinessman,wearingasuitandcarryingabriefcase(公文箱).Buthe’s___13___.Hisbriefcasealwayshassomegloves.Inwinter,Mr.GreenbergdoesnotactlikeotherNewYorkers,wholookatthesidewalkand___14___thestreet.Helooksaroundatpeople.Hestopswhenhe___15___someonewithnogloves.Hegivesthemapairandthenhemoveson,lookingformorepeoplewithcold___16___.Onwinterdays,Mr.Greenberggivesawaygloves.Duringtherestoftheyear,he___17___gloves.Peoplewhohaveheardabouthim___18___himgloves,andhehasmanyinhisapartment.Mr.Greenberg___19___doingthis21yearsago.Now,manypoorNewYorkersknowhimand____20____hisbehavior.Butpeoplewhodon’tknowhimaresometimes____21____him.Theydon’trealizethathejustwantstomakethem____22____.Itrunsinthe____23____.Michael’sfatheralwayshelpedthepoorashebelieveditmadeeveryonehappier.MichaelGreenbergfeelsthe____24____.Apairofglovesmaybea____25____thing,butitcanmakeabigdifferenceinwinter.11.A.knowabout B.learnfrom C.cheerfor D.lookafter12.A.job B.name C.chance D.message13.A.calm B.different C.crazy D.curious14.A.crossover B.drivealong C.hurrydown D.keepoff15.A.helps B.chooses C.greets D.sees16.A.hands B.ears C.faces D.eyes17.A.borrows B.sells C.returns D.buys18.A.call B.send C.lend D.show19.A.delayed B.remembered C.began D.enjoyed20.A.understand B.dislike C.study D.excuse21.A.sorryfor B.satisfiedwith C.proudof D.surprisedby22.A.smart B.rich C.special D.happy23.A.city B.family C.neighborhood D.company24.A.honor B.pain C.same D.cold25.A.small B.useful C.delightful D.comforting【答案】11.A12.B13.B14.C15.D16.A17.D18.B19.C20.A21.D22.D23.B24.C25.A【解析】【导语】本文为记叙文。每当寒冷的冬季来临，MichaelGreenberg都会走上街头，为穷人送上温暖的手套，他的故事诠释了那句话——予人玫瑰，手有余香。【11题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：但是街上的人都知道他，尤其是那些穷人。A.knowabout知道；B.learnfrom从……中学习；C.cheerfor为……喝彩叫好；D.lookafter照顾。由上文的“MichaelGreenbergisaverypopularNewYorker.(MichaelGreenberg是一位非常受欢迎的纽约人)”和下文“MichaelGreenberg都会走上街头，为穷人送上温暖的手套”可知，街上的人都知道MichaelGreenberg。故选A项。【12题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他是怎么得到这个名字的？A.job工作；B.name名字；C.chance机会；D.message信息。这里thatname指代上文人们给MichaelGreenberg起的昵称“Gloves”Greenberg。故选B项。【13题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但他与众不同。A.calm冷静的；B.different不同的；C.crazy疯狂的；D.curious好奇的。由上文的“Helookslikeanyotherbusinessman,wearingasuitandcarryingabriefcase(公文箱).(他和其他商人一样，穿着西装，提着公文包)”和下文的“Hisbriefcasealwayshassomegloves(他的公文包里总是有一些手套)”可知，连词but提示上下文之间存在转折关系，由此可知，Greenberg和上文提及的其他商人有所不同。故选B项。【14题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在冬天，Greenberg不像其他纽约人那样看着人行道，匆匆忙忙地走在街上。A.crossover横越；B.drivealong一直往前开；C.hurrydown沿着……匆忙走；D.keepoff别靠近。由下文的“Helooksaroundatpeople.Hestopswhenhe___5___someonewithnogloves.Hegivesthemapair(他看着周围的人。当他看到有人没戴手套时，他停了下来。他给了他们一双)”可知，根据下文的动作描写可判断出，此处指那些和Greenberg先生不同的人从街道匆忙走过去的情形。故选C项。【15题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他看到有人没戴手套时，他停了下来。A.helps帮助；B.chooses选择；C.greets问候；D.sees看见。由下文的“Hegivesthemapair”可知，应先是看到别人没带手套，Greenberg先生才去给手套。故选D项。【16题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他给了他们一双，然后继续寻找更多手冰冷的人。A.hands手；B.ears耳朵；C.faces脸；D.eyes眼睛。呼应上文的“withnogloves”，没有手套的人自然是双手冰冷的人。故选A项。【17题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在今年剩下的时间里，他会买手套。A.borrows借来；B.sells卖；C.returns归还；D.buys买。由上文的“Onwinterdays,Mr.Greenberggivesawaygloves.(在冬天，Greenberg先生会分发手套)”和下文的“hehasmanyinhisapartment(他公寓里有很多手套)”可知，Greenberg先生会购买手套以便冬天可以发放。故选D项。【18题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：听说过他的人都送他手套，他公寓里有很多手套。A.call打电话；B.send寄送；C.lend借出；D.show展示。由上文的“Hestopswhenhe___5___someonewithnogloves.Hegivesthemapair(当他看到有人没戴手套时，他停了下来。他给了他们一双)”可知，听说过Greenberg先生在街上送人手套事迹的人就会给他寄来手套。故选B项。【19题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Greenberg先生21年前开始这样做。A.delayed耽搁；B.remembered记得；C.began开始；D.enjoyed喜欢。由本处的“Mr.Greenberg___9___doingthis21yearsago.”可知，此处指Greenberg先生21年前开始在街上送人手套。故选C项。【20题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，许多贫穷的纽约人知道他，理解他的行为。A.understand理解；B.dislike不喜欢；C.study学习；D.excuse原谅。由上文的“Now,manypoorNewYorkersknowhim”可知，许多贫穷的纽约人理解Greenberg先生在街上送人手套的行为。故选A项。【21题详解】考查形容词短语辨析。句意：但不认识他的人有时会对他感到惊讶。A.sorryfor抱歉；B.satisfiedwith满意；C.proudof为……而自豪；D.surprisedby吃惊。由上文的“Butpeoplewhodon’tknowhim”可知，不认识Greenberg先生的人有时就会对他在街上送人手套的举动感到惊讶。故选D项。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们没有意识到他只是想让他们开心。A.smart聪明的；B.rich富有的；C.special特殊的；D.happy快乐的。由常识和下文的“Michael’sfatheralwayshelpedthepoorashebelieveditmadeeveryonehappier.(迈克尔的父亲总是帮助穷人，因为他相信这会让每个人都更幸福)”可知，在寒冷的冬天，得到一双手套，手暖了，心里也开心，Greenberg先生在街上送人手套只是想让手冷的人开心。故选D项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是家族遗传。A.city城市；B.family家族；C.neighborhood邻里；D.company公司。由下文的“Michael’sfatheralwayshelpedthepoorashebelieveditmadeeveryonehappier.(迈克尔的父亲总是帮助穷人，因为他相信这会让每个人都更幸福)”，结合Greenberg先生在街上送人手套的举动，可得出乐于助人是Greenberg先生家族遗传。故选B项。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：MichaelGreenberg也有同感。A.honor荣耀；B.pain痛苦；C.same相同；D.cold寒冷。呼应上文的“hebelieveditmadeeveryonehappier”可知，和父亲一样，Greenberg先生帮助人只是想让每个人都更幸福。故选C项。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一副手套也许是件小事，但在冬天它能起到很大的作用。A.small小的；B.useful有用的；C.delightful高兴的；D.comforting令人安慰的。but提示上下文之间存在转折关系，big的反义词是small，手套虽小，但作用很大。故选A项。第二部分阅读理解（共25小题：满分45分）第一节：（共15小题；第31—40题，每小题2.5分；36—45题，每小题2分；满分35分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个最佳选项。AInterviewer:Goodevening,andwelcometoBetweenthePages.Thisevening,I’llbetalkingtoDr.RichardFairhurst,whosenewbookTheNewAgeofInventionhasjustbeenpublished.Welcome,Richard!Richard:Thankyou.It’sapleasuretobehere.Interviewer:Iguessyouhavebeenaskedaboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.Itsuggeststhatthepresentdayisanewageforinventions,butmanypeoplemightthinkthatthegreatageofinventionisover.Richard:Well,that’saninterestingpoint.Therehavebeengoldenagesofinventionthroughouthistory.ThinkofthefourgreatinventionsinAncientChina:gunpowder,papermaking,printingandthecompass.Thesethingschangedtheworldforever.ThentherewerethegreatWesterninventions:thesteamengine,thetelephoneandtheradio.Andnow,wefindourselvesinthegreatnewageoftechnology.Interviewer:Soaremostofthenewgreatinventionstech-based?Richard:Alot,yes.Forexample,advancesinvirtualrealityandwearabletech,aswellastheflexiblebattery,meanweshouldsoonbeseeingfurtherdevelopments.Inaddition,importantadvanceshavebeenmadeinmedicineandenvironmentalsciencethankstoincreasingcomputerpower.Interviewer:Canyougiveussomeexamples?Richard:Sure.Newinventionslike3Dprintershavebeenusedtomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.Intermsoftheenvironment,itisnowpossibletocreateanintelligentwalkinghouse.ItiscapableofusingGPStechnologytotraveltodifferentplaces,withcomputingtechnologycontrollingits“legs”.What'smore,hugeadvancesinsolartechnologymeanitcanbeeco-friendly,too.Interviewer:Impressivestuff!I’vealsobeentoldthatyou’reaninventoryourself.Isthatcorrect?Richard:Yes,Iam,butI’monlyonememberofabigteam—mostinventorsnowworkaspartofbiginternationalteams.Interviewer:Isee.Sowhatisitthatinspiresustoinventthings?Richard:Mostinventionsstartwithrecognisingaproblemthatneedsasolution.Thiswasnodoubtthereasonbehindtheinventionofthewheelinancienttimes,whichmuchlaterdevelopedintothecar.!Now,reducedenergysuppliesandenvironmentalpollutionhaveledtomoreadvancesinthetechnologyofnewenergyvehicles.Butwhatremainsimportantisthatwehaveanincredibledesiretothinkandcreate,andthat’stherealspiritofinvention.Interviewer:Onelastquestion.Thisistheoneeveryonereallywantstoknow:willanybodyeverinventatimemachine?Richard:Ithinkyou’vebeenwatchingtoomanymovies!NothinglikethishasbeeninventedyetandI’dsaywe’realongwayfromaninventionlikethatatthemoment!But,astheysay,“Neversaynever!”26.WhatdoweknowaboutDr.RichardFairhurst?A.HeisaninterviewerofaTVprogramme.B.HeisthedirectorofBetweenthePages.C.Heisadoctorfromthelocalhospital.D.HeistheauthorofTheNewAgeofInvention.27.RichardintroducesthefourgreatinventionsinAncientChinainordertoshow.A.theiradvantagesovertheinventionsintheWestB.hisbroadknowledgeinthefieldofscienceinthepastC.theexistenceofthegoldenagesofinventioninhistoryD.theiruselessnessforthedevelopmentofthesocietynow28.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Mostinventorspreferworkingbythemselvespresent.B.Thedesiretosolveproblemsinspiresinvention.C.Environmentisatopconcerninthenewgreatinventions.D.Atoftoday’sgreatinventionsarebasedontechnology.29.WhatisRichard’sattitudetowardsthetimemachine?A.Heconsidersitpossibletoinventatimemachine.B.Heisquiteindifferenttotheinventionofatimemachine.C.Hethinksitunrealistictoseeatimemachineonthescreen.D.Heissurethatatimemachinewillnotbeinvented.30.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ComputerTechnologyB.AFamousInventorC.TheNewAgeofInventionD.InspirationsforInventions【答案】26.D27.C28.B29.A30.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章以访谈的形式让读者了解《新发明时代》的作者和其对新发明时代的观点。【26题详解】细节理解题。由第一段中的“Thisevening,I’llbetalkingtoDr.RichardFairhurst,whosenewbookTheNewAgeofInventionhasjustbeenpublished.(今晚，我将与Dr.RichardFairhurst交谈，他的新书《新发明时代》刚刚出版)”可知，Dr.RichardFairhurst是《新发明时代》的作者。故选D项。【27题详解】推理判断题。由第四段中的“Therehavebeengoldenagesofinventionthroughouthistory.ThinkofthefourgreatinventionsinAncientChina:gunpowder,papermaking,printingandthecompass.(历史上有过发明的黄金时代。想想中国古代的四大发明：火药、造纸术、印刷术和指南针)”可知，Dr.RichardFairhurst提及中国古代四大发明是为了表明历史上存在发明的黄金时代。故选C项。【28题详解】细节理解题。由倒数第三段段中的“Mostinventionsstartwithrecognisingaproblemthatneedsasolution.(大多数发明都是从认识到一个需要解决的问题开始的)”和“Butwhatremainsimportantisthatwehaveanincredibledesiretothinkandcreate,andthat’stherealspiritofinvention.(但仍然重要的是，我们有一种强烈地想要思考和创造的渴望，这才是真正的发明精神)”可知，B项“解决问题的愿望激发了发明”正确。故选B项。【29题详解】推理判断题。由倒数第二段段中的“Thisistheoneeveryonereallywantstoknow:willanybodyeverinventatimemachine?(这是每个人都想知道的：有人会发明时间机器吗？)”和最后一段中的“NothinglikethishasbeeninventedyetandI’dsaywe’realongwayfromaninventionlikethatatthemoment!But,astheysay,'Neversaynever!'(现在还没有这样的发明，我想说，我们离这样的发明还有很长的路要走！但是，常言道‘别轻易说绝不’)”可知，Dr.RichardFairhurst认为我们离发明时间机器还有很长的路要走，但别轻易说不可能，说明他认为发明时间机器是可能的。故选A项。【30题详解】主旨大意题。由第一段中的“Thisevening,I’llbetalkingtoDr.RichardFairhurst,whosenewbookTheNewAgeofInventionhasjustbeenpublished.(今晚，我将与Dr.RichardFairhurst交谈，他的新书《新发明时代》刚刚出版)”和下文访谈内容可知，文章以访谈的形式让读者了解《新发明时代》的作者Dr.RichardFairhurst和其对新发明时代的观点，C项“新发明时代（TheNewAgeofInvention）”符合文意。故选C项。BWrittenmorethantwohundredyearsago,theselinesbyWalterScottremainoneofthemostwell—knownexcerptsofScottishpoetry:Oh,whatatangledwebweweave,Whenfirstwepractisetodeceive!Weallknowthathonestyisanimportantvalueandthatlyingiswrong,butwhocanhonestlysaythatthey’venevertoldalie?Perhapswecomfortourselveswiththeknowledgethatmostofthelieswetellare“whitelies”:littleliesthatwetelltoprotectothersfromthetruth.We’veallsurelyhadtheexperienceofsomeonecookingamealforusthatwedon’tlike.Themajorityofusofcoursedon’ttellthetruth—welieandsaythatthefoodis“delicious”.Orifafriendasksuswhatwethinkoftheirnewhaircut,wesay“It’sgreat!”,evenifwethinkit’sawful.Buttowhatextentcanwejustifytellingwhitelieslikethese?Oneofthemainreasonsfortellingawhitelieistotrytomakeothersfeelbetter.However,whenwelieandsaythatsomeone’shaircutlooksgood,orwhenwesaythatweloveamealthatwesecretlyhate,arewereallyhopingtoimprovethesituationforsomeoneelse?Perhapsweareinfactlyingtoprotectourselvesfromthedisappointmentandangerofothers.Anotherreasonfortellingawhitelieistogiveencouragement.Sayforexamplethatyourfriendasksyouwhatyouthinkofhissinging.Youofcoursesaythatit’swonderful,despitesecretlythinkingthatyourcatcansingbetter.Stopforamomentandconsiderthatperhapsyourfriendwantssomefrankcommentsfromyousothattheycanimprove.Orperhaps,theyneedtoknowthattheyshouldlookforadifferenthobby.Finally,wemayalsotellawhiteliewhenwewanttoprotectothersfrombadnews.Ifyou’vehadabadday,doyoutellyourparentsaboutit,ordoyouhideyourtearsandliethatyourdaywasfine?Ifthelatter,don’tyouthinkyourparentswouldwanttolistentoyouandunderstandyourfeelings?Wouldn’titbebettertorespecttheirconcernforyouandaskfortheiradvice?GoingbacktoWalterScott’slines,wemayfindevenwhitelieshaveresultswecannotknowinadvance.Perhapsthemealyousaidwas“delicious”willbeservedeverytimeyouvisit.Wouldyourfriendtrustyouropinionagainifhefoundoutyouhadliedabouthis“wonderful”singing?Howwouldyouexpectotherstotrulyunderstandyouremotionsifyouonlysharedgoodnewsinsteadofbad?Moreover,howwouldyoufeelifyoudiscoveredthatthepeopleclosesttoyouhadbeenhidingthetruthfromyou?31.WhydoestheauthorquoteWalterScott’sfamousexcerpt?A.Heexplainsthereasonswhypeoplewanttotellwhitelies.B.Hewantstoattachmoreimportancetothispassage.C.Heshowsthattellinglieshasbeencommonforlong.D.Hehopestocallonpeopletotellwhitelies.32.Ifamealisinfactawful,whydopeoplesayitisdelicious?A.Theydon’twishthehosttobehurt.B.Theywishthehosttocookmoredeliciousfood.C.Theywishthehosttoservethemmore.D.Theydon’twishthehosttocooksuchameal.33.Accordingtothepassage,whenwesayourfriend’shaircutiswonderful,infactwemaywantto.A.improvethesituationforothersB.protectourselvesfromthedisappointmentandangerofothersC.makeourfriendhappyD.keepourfriendship34.Accordingtothepassage,whenwehaveabadday,theauthoradvisesusto.A.hideourtruefeelingsandlietoothersthatourdayisfineB.shareitwithafriendC.goonatripalonetorelaxourselvesD.tellourparentsandaskfortheiradvice35.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthispassage?A.Toshowtheimportanceofhonesty.B.Toanalyzethereasonsoftellinglies.C.Topromotethebenefitsofwhitelies.D.Topersuadereaderstoavoidtellinglies.【答案】31.C32.A33.B34.D35.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了人们说善意谎言的原因，但善意谎言也会带来不好的后果，作者最后建议不要说谎。【31题详解】推理判断题。由第一段“Writtenmorethantwohundredyearsago,theselinesbyWalterScottremainoneofthemostwell—knownexcerptsofScottishpoetry:Oh,whatatangledwebweweave,Whenfirstwepractisetodeceive!(‘啊，谎言一旦开始，我们须得织就一张错综复杂的网！’沃尔特·斯科特的这些诗句写于200多年前，至今仍是苏格兰诗歌中最著名的摘录之一)”可知，200多年前沃尔特·斯科特就对说谎有了一个清晰明确的认识，说谎一旦开始就会有之后的许多谎言，其所写诗句还被广泛流传，作者引用其著名诗句说明于人类而言说谎早已司空见惯。故选C项。【32题详解】细节理解题。由第二段中的“Perhapswecomfortourselveswiththeknowledgethatmostofthelieswetellare“whitelies”:littleliesthatwetelltoprotectothersfromthetruth.(也许我们会安慰自己，我们所说的大多数谎言都是“善意的谎言”：我们为了保护他人不受真相的伤害而撒的小谎)”和第三段中的“Themajorityofusofcoursedon’ttellthetruth—welieandsaythatthefoodis“delicious”.(我们大多数人当然不会说实话——我们撒谎说食物“好吃”)”可知，如果一顿饭真的很糟糕，人们说它好吃的原因是不希望主人受到伤害。故选A项。【33题详解】细节理解题。由第五段中的“Perhapsweareinfactlyingtoprotectourselvesfromthedisappointmentandangerofothers.(也许事实上，我们撒谎只是为了不让别人失望和生气，以免殃及自身)”可知，当我们说朋友的发型很棒时，事实上我们可能想不让别人失望和生气，以免殃及自身。故选B项。【34题详解】细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“Ifyou’vehadabadday,doyoutellyourparentsaboutit,ordoyouhideyourtearsandliethatyourdaywasfine?Ifthelatter,don’tyouthinkyourparentswouldwanttolistentoyouandunderstandyourfeelings?Wouldn’titbebettertorespecttheirconcernforyouandaskfortheiradvice?(如果你度过了糟糕的一天，你会告诉你的父母吗，还是会含泪撒谎说你今天过得很好？如果是后者，你不认为你的父母会想听你的话，理解你的感受吗？尊重他们对你的关心并征求他们的意见不是更好吗？)”可知，当我们度过糟糕的一天时，作者建议我们告诉我们的父母并征求他们的意见。故选D项。【35题详解】推理判断题。由最后一段“GoingbacktoWalterScott’slines,wemayfindevenwhitelieshaveresultswecannotknowinadvance.Perhapsthemealyousaidwas“delicious”willbeservedeverytimeyouvisit.Wouldyourfriendtrustyouropinionagainifhefoundoutyouhadliedabouthis“wonderful”singing?Howwouldyouexpectotherstotrulyunderstandyouremotionsifyouonlysharedgoodnewsinsteadofbad?Moreover,howwouldyoufeelifyoudiscoveredthatthepeopleclosesttoyouhadbeenhidingthetruthfromyou?(回到沃尔特·斯科特的诗句，我们可能会发现，即使是善意的谎言也会产生我们无法事先知道的结果。也许你说的“美味”一餐会在你每次来访时提供。如果你的朋友发现你对他的“美妙”歌唱撒了谎，他会再次相信你的意见吗？如果你只分享好消息而不是坏消息，你怎么能期望别人真正理解你的情绪？此外，如果你发现与你最亲近的人一直在向你隐瞒真相，你会有什么感受？)”可知，作者认为善意谎言也会带来不好的后果，所以作者希望说服读者不要说谎。故选D项。CDuringtheannualpoliticalmeetings,environmentalprotectionwasdefinitelyamongthebiggestconcerns.Actually,itwasalsoanissuethatancientChinesepaidgreatattentionto.Infact,theworld’searliestenvironmentalprotectionconcept,ministryandlawswereallborninChina.So,whatdidtheancientChinesedotoprotecttheenvironment?InearlyancientChina,environmentalprotectionwaspromotedtothepoliticallevel.Xunzi,afamousthinkerinWarringStatesPeriod,broughtuptheconceptofmanagingstateaffairsthroughenvironmentalprotection.Hestatedinhisbookthatvegetation(植被)shouldnotbedamagedatwill.GuanZhong,anofficial400yearsaheadofXunzi,wasalsoanenvironmentalprotectionexpert.Duringhistermofoffice,heclaimedthat“aKingwhocannotprotecthisvegetationisnotqualifiedtobeaking”.AccordingtoarecordinQingdynasty,theenvironmentalprotectionministryinearlyancientChinawascalled“Yu”,standingbothfortheinstitutionandtheofficialtitle.Althoughmostfunctionsweresimilartosuchministriestoday,theadministrationrangeofitwasmuchlarger,includingthemountains,forests,rivers,lakesandsoon.ThenineministriesestablishedbyShun,anancientChineseking,alreadyincluded“Yu”,theenvironmentalprotectionministry.Thefirst“Yu”officialwasamancalledBoyi,whowasindeedanenvironmentalprotectionexpert.HewasacapableassistanttoDayu,anancientChinesewater-controlexpert.Heinventedwells,protectingpeople’sdrinkingwaterfrompollution.Heknewalotaboutanimalsandalsocalledforanimalprotection.EnvironmentalprotectionlawsdatedbacktotherulingperiodofDayu,whichwasmorethan4,000yearsago.Duringhisrule,heissuedaban,forbiddingpeopletocutdownwoodinMarchorcatchfishinJune,thetimewhentheyweresupposedtoboom.InSpringandAutumnandWarringStatesPeriodalmost3,000yearsago,“environmentalprotectionlaws”appearedinitstruesenseinQin,whichwasrecordedinLawofFieldsandregardedasChina’searliestenvironmentalprotectionlaws.36.WhichstatementwouldXunziprobablyagreewith?A.Vegetationshouldn’tbedamagedatall.B.Muchattentionshouldbepaidtopeople’sdrinkingwater.C.Thekingwhofailedtoprotecttheenvironmentshouldberemoved.D.Runningacountryandenvironmentalprotectionshouldbecombined.37.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph3referto?A.TheQingdynasty. B.TheministryofYu.C.Theofficialtitle. D.Themodernministry.38.Whycouldn’tfishbecaughtinJuneduringDayu’srule?A.Fishdidn’ttastedeliciousinJune.B.ItwastoohottocatchfishinJune.C.FishhadaperiodofrapidgrowthinJune.D.Fish-catchingtimehadalreadypassedinJune.39.WhowasthefirstenvironmentalprotectionministerinancientChina?A.Shun. B.Boyi. C.Xunzi. D.GuanZhong.40.Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.HowtheAncientChineseProtecttheEnvironmentB.FamousEnvironmentalProtectionExpertsinAncientChinaC.Dayu—aGreatEnvironmentalProtectorD.MeasuresoftheWorld’sEarliestEnvironmentalProtection【答案】36.D37.B38.C39.B40.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国古代对环保的重视以及各朝代政府设立环境保护部门来保护环境。【36题详解】推理判断题。由第二段中的“Xunzi,afamousthinkerinWarringStatesPeriod,broughtuptheconceptofmanagingstateaffairsthroughenvironmentalprotection.Hestatedinhisbookthatvegetation(植被)shouldnotbedamagedatwill.(荀子是战国时期著名的思想家，他提出了通过环境保护来管理国家事务的概念。他在书中指出，植被不应被随意破坏)”可知，荀子认为治国应与环保相结合，植被不应被随意破坏，A项“植被根本不应该被破坏”太过绝对，表述有误。故选D项。【37题详解】词句猜测题。由第三段“AccordingtoarecordinQingdynasty,theenvironmentalprotectionministryinearlyancientChinawascalled“Yu”,standingbothfortheinstitutionandtheofficialtitle.Althoughmostfunctionsweresimilartosuchministriestoday,theadministrationrangeofitwasmuchlarger,includingthemountains,forests,rivers,lakesand