国际市场营销学 （原书第18版）测试题答案 Chapter 8 – Developing a Global Vision through Marketing Research

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InternationalMarketing,18e(Cateora)

Chapter8DevelopingaGlobalVisionthroughMarketingResearch

1)Inthecontextofproblemdefinitionininternationalmarketingresearch,theenvironmentswithinwhichtheresearchtoolsareappliedareoftendifferentinforeignmarkets.

2)Themarketingresearchprocessshouldbeginwiththedeterminationofthesourcesofinformationtofulfilltheresearchobjectives.

3)Datathathasalreadybeencollectedbysomeotheragencyareknownassecondarydata.

4)Commercialsources,tradeassociations,managementgroups,andstateandlocalgovernmentsaregoodsourcesofprimarydataforaresearcher.

5)Oneofthereliabilityproblemsfacedbyamarketingresearcherwhoseekstodosecondaryresearchinaforeignmarketisthatofficialstatisticsaresometimestoooptimistic.

6)Lessdevelopedcountriesareparticularlypronetobeingbothoverlyoptimisticandunreliableinreportingrelevanteconomicdataabouttheircountries.

7)Checkingtheconsistencyofonesetofsecondarydatawithothervaliddataisnotaneffectivewayofjudgingvalidity.

8)Datacollectedspecificallyforaparticularresearchprojectathandisknownassecondarydata.

9)Inquantitativeresearch,ifquestionsareasked,theyarealmostalwaysopen-endedorin-depth.

10)Themostoftenusedformofqualitativequestioningisthesurveyquestionnairethatcontainsquestionswithasetofchoicesfromwhichrespondentsselecttheirresponses.

11)Quantitativeresearchishelpfulinrevealingtheimpactofsocioculturalfactorsonbehaviorpatternsandindevelopingresearchhypothesesthatcanbetestedinsubsequentstudies.

12)Ifsecondarydatasourcesdon'tansweraresearcher'squestionsadequately,primarydatashouldbecollected.

13)Whenrespondentsareabletorecognizetheusefulnessandvalueofaproductorconcept,theywillbebetterabletoexpresstheirattitudesandopinions.

14)Mostproblemsincollectingprimarydataininternationalmarketingresearchstemfromtheexcessivecostofprimaryresearchinthesemarkets.

15)Completionratesonquestionnairescanbehamperedbyaculturethatplacesahighervalueonprivacy.

16)Samplingcannotbeusedifthereisalackofsocialandeconomicinformation.

17)Ininternationalmarketing,thegreatestprobleminsamplingstemsfromthelackofadequatedemographicdataandavailablelistsfromwhichtodrawmeaningfulsamples.

18)Themostuniversalsurveyresearchprobleminforeigncountriesisfearofgovernmentreprisal.

19)Theparallelmethodoftranslationistypicallyinaccuratebecauseofcommonlyusedidiomsinbothlanguagesinvolvedinthetranslation.

20)Areviewofthedifferentapproachestomulticountryresearchsuggeststhattheidealapproachistohavelocalresearchersineachcountry,withclosecoordinationandnetworkingbetweentheclientcompanyandthelocalresearchcompanies.

21)WhenSophiacreatedherquestionnaireonParisfashions,shecreateditinEnglish,thenitwentthroughasuccessiveprocessoftranslationintoFrenchandretranslationintoEnglish,eachtimebyadifferenttranslator.ThisprocesscontinuestoberepeateduntilanEnglishversioncanbetranslatedintoFrenchbyadifferenttranslator,intothesameEnglish.Thisprocessisknownasdecentering.

22)BusinesspeopleinJapantendtorespondtomailsurveysatahigherratethanbusinesspeopleintheU.S.

23)ObservationalresearchontheInternettypicallyexcludesmonitoringofchatrooms,blogs,andpersonalwebsitestoassessconsumers'opinionsaboutproductsandservicesforprivacyreasons.

24)EasyaccessibilityofvolumesofsecondarydataisthebiggestadvantagetheInternetnowprovidestointernationalmarketingresearchers.

25)Twomethodsofforecastingdemandareparticularlysuitableforinternationalmarketers:probabilisticforecastingandreference-classforecasting.

26)Asamarketingresearcherforhiscompany,Rashidwastaskedwithdeterminingthemarketsizeandgrowthrateofthecompany'snewtargetmarketinaforeigncountry.Hepolledthesalesmanagerforasimilarcompanyinthecountry,gatheredinformationfromgovernmentsources,andtalkedtohisdomesticmanager.Rashidwasusingtriangulationtohelpforecastdemand.

27)Itishelpfulforaforeignmarketresearchertohaveaskepticalattitudeinhandlingbothprimaryandsecondarydata.

28)Centralizationofthemarketingresearchfunctionintheparentcountryensuresthatthefieldpersonnelandresidentmanagersintheforeigncountryhavemoreintimateknowledgeofthesubtletiesofthemarket.

29)Theidealapproachtomulticountrymarketingresearchistohavelocalresearchersineachcountry,withclosecoordinationandnetworkingbetweentheclientcompanyandthelocalresearchcompanies.

30)InJapan,thepublic,face-savingtruthisreferredtoashonne.

31)________istraditionallydefinedasthesystematicgathering,recording,andanalyzingofdatatoprovideinformationusefultomarketingdecisionmaking.

A)Marketingreach

B)Marketskimming

C)Marketingresearch

D)Marketingexposure

E)Targetmarketing

32)UnisysCorporation'sinternationalmarketingresearchcallsforcollectingandassessingvarioustypesofinformation.WhichofthefollowingtypesofinformationisUnisysCorporationmostlikelytobeinterestedinifitgathersinformationrelatedtoprofitabilityforthedivision'sproducts,inflation,businesscycletrends,andthelike?

A)economicanddemographicdata

B)cultural,sociological,andpoliticalclimate

C)overviewofmarketconditions

D)summaryofthetechnologicalenvironment

E)competitivesituation

33)WhichtypeofinformationisUnisysCorporationmostlikelytobeinterestedinifitgathersinformationrelatedtoecology,safety,andleisuretimeandtheirpotentialimpactsonthedivision'sbusiness?

A)economicanddemographicdata

B)cultural,sociological,andpoliticalclimate

C)overviewofmarketconditions

D)summaryofthetechnologicalenvironment

E)competitivesituation

34)WhichtypeofinformationisUnisysCorporationmostlikelytobeinterestedinifitconductsageneralnoneconomicreviewofconditionsaffectingthedivision'sbusiness,suchasecologyandleisuretime?

A)monetaryanddemographicdata

B)cultural,sociological,andpoliticalclimate

C)overviewofmarketconditions

D)summaryofthetechnologicalenvironment

E)competitivesituation

35)Whatshouldanorganizationdoonceithasdeterminedthesourcesofinformationtofulfillthemarketingresearchobjectives?

A)Gathertherelevantdatafromsecondaryorprimarysources,orboth.

B)Analyze,interpret,andsummarizetheinformationgathered.

C)Considerthecostsandbenefitsoftheresearcheffort.

D)Effectivelycommunicatetheresultstodecisionmakers.

E)Conductsurveysandin-depthinterviewswiththerespondents.

36)BessiehasdecidedtopursueamarketingresearchefforttoacquireinformationbeforehercompanymakesastrategicrelocationmovetotheWestCoast.WhatwouldbethefirststepthatBessie(andthemarketingresearchers)shouldtakeassheembarksontheresearcheffort?

A)Definetheresearchproblemandestablishresearchobjectives.

B)Analyze,interpret,andsummarizetheresults.

C)Determinethesourcesofinformationtofulfilltheresearchobjectives.

D)Considerthecostsandbenefitsoftheresearcheffort.

E)Gatherrelevantdatafromsecondaryorprimarysources,orboth.

37)Whatisthefirststepofthemarketingresearchprocess?

A)determiningthesourcesofinformationtofulfilltheresearchobjectives

B)analyzing,interpreting,andsummarizingtheresults

C)definingtheresearchproblemandestablishingresearchobjectives

D)consideringthecostsandbenefitsoftheresearcheffort

E)gatheringtherelevantdatafromsecondaryorprimarysources,orboth

38)HalandhisteamhaveundertakenamarketingresearchstudytohelphiscompanyexpandintheeasternEuropeanregion.WhichmarketingresearchstepismostlikelytobethelaststepinHal'sresearcheffort?

A)definingtheresearchproblemandestablishingresearchobjectives

B)analyzing,interpreting,andsummarizingtheresults

C)effectivelycommunicatingtheresultstothedecisionmakers

D)consideringthecostsandbenefitsoftheresearcheffort

E)gatheringtherelevantdatafromsecondaryorprimarysources,orboth

39)NatalieisreadinggovernmentreportsontheeconomyofMoroccososhecanmakeareporttohermanagerabouttheviabilityofopeningabranchofhercompanythere.WhichstepinthemarketingresearchprocessisNatalieconducting?

A)definingtheresearchproblemandestablishresearchobjectives

B)communicatingtheresultstodecisionmakers

C)analyzing,interpreting,andsummarizingtheresults

D)consideringthecostsandbenefitsoftheresearcheffort

E)gatheringtherelevantdatafromsecondaryorprimarysources,orboth

40)Oncearesearcherhasdefinedtheresearchproblemandestablishedresearchobjectives,theresearchershould

A)effectivelycommunicatetheproblemandobjectivestodecisionmakers.

B)analyze,interpret,andsummarizetheresults.

C)determinethesourcesofinformationtofulfilltheresearchobjectives.

D)assessthesuitabilityofavailablestatisticalmethodsforanalyzingthedata.

E)evaluatethecostandbenefitsoftheresearcheffort.

41)Marcohasdecidedtouseinformationcollectedbyotherresearchersinhisupcomingresearchprojectonculturaltrends.Thisisanexampleofusinga________datasource.

A)first-hand

B)secondary

C)primary

D)direct

E)personal

42)Inthecontextofsourcesofdata,commercialsources,tradeassociations,managementgroups,andstateandlocalgovernmentsareexamplesof________data.

A)first-hand

B)secondary

C)primary

D)personal

E)direct

43)Whichstatementistrueaboutthereliabilityofsecondarydatawhileconductingmarketresearch?

A)Thedatainlessdevelopedcountriesareparticularlypronetobeinglesspositiveinnaturewhenreportedbythesecountries.

B)Reliabilityofdataremainsunaffectedbytheprevailingtaxstructuresincountries.

C)Officialstatisticsaresometimestoooptimistic,reflectingnationalprideratherthanpracticalreality.

D)Economicdataaboutlessdevelopedcountriesaremorereliablewhenreportedbythesecountries.

E)Willfulerrorsinthereportingofmarketingdataarepredominantlyabsentinmostindustrializedcountries.

44)NexttotheUnitedStates,whichcountryhasthebestquantityandqualityofmarketing-relateddataavailable?

A)Brazil

B)Australia

C)China

D)Japan

E)Kenya

45)MaureenleadstheinternationalmarketingdepartmentofMayfone,asmartphonemanufacturer.MayfonehasrecentlydecidedtoexpanditspresenceinEcuador.Aspartofthemarketingresearcheffort,MaureenhasdecidedtousedataoncompetitorsprovidedbyindependentmarketresearchagencieslocatedinEcuador.Inthecontextofassimilatingsecondarydata,whichofthefollowingproblemsisMaureenmostlikelytoface?

A)definingtheresearchproblem

B)communicatingtheresults

C)comparabilityofdata

D)storageofdata

E)willingnesstorespond

46)Whatismostlikelyaproblemassociatedwiththeuseofsecondarydata?

A)definingtheresearchproblem

B)abilitytocommunicateopinions

C)reliabilityofdata

D)storageofdata

E)willingnesstorespond

47)Whatquestionshouldamarketingresearcheraskwhentryingtoestablishthereliabilityofsecondarydatasourcesintheinternationalarena?

A)Howmuchdothedatacost?

B)Whatlanguageisusedintheparentcountry?

C)Howlongdidittaketocompletethesurveyinquestion?

D)Whocollectedthedata?

E)Whattypeofsurveywasusedduringthedatacollectionprocess?

48)________datareferstothedatathatarecollectedspecificallyfortheparticularresearchprojectathandwhenresearchquestionsarestillunansweredafterseekingallreasonablesecondarydatasources.

A)Derived

B)Primary

C)Referential

D)Syndicated

E)Cohort

49)Whatisoneofthetwobasictypesintowhichmarketingresearchmethodscanbegrouped?

A)analyticalresearch

B)qualitativeresearch

C)descriptiveresearch

D)deductiveresearch

E)exploratoryresearch

50)In________,usuallyalargenumberofrespondentsareaskedtoreply,eitherverballyorinwriting,tostructuredquestionsusingaspecificresponseformatortoselectaresponsefromasetofchoices.

A)quantitativeresearch

B)afocusgroupinterview

C)descriptiveresearch

D)anin-depthinterview

E)explanatoryresearch

51)Beforelaunchingitslatestlineofenvironment-friendlyandchild-friendlywoodentoys,atoymanufacturergavesamplesofthesetoystoalargeandculturallydiversesetoffamilies.Itthenconductedasurveyinwhichtheparentswereaskedtoratethetoysonastep-wisescaleof"notsatisfied"to"extremelypleased."Thisresearchismostlikelyanexampleof________research.

A)quantitative

B)longitudinal

C)descriptive

D)qualitative

E)explanatory

52)Beforelaunchingitslatestlineofhealthdrinks,abeveragemanufacturerprovidedfreesamplesofthehealthdrinkstofamilies.Itthenconductedasurveywithmostlyopen-endedquestionsinwhichtheparticipantswereaskedabouttheirfirstimpressionsaboutthedrinks.Thisisanexampleof________research.

A)qualitative

B)analytical

C)quantitative

D)laboratory

E)statistical

53)Whichstatementistrueaboutqualitativeresearch?

A)Itprovidesamarketerwithresponsesthatcanbepresentedwithpreciseestimations.

B)Itincludesrecordingconsumers'firstimpressionsaboutproducts.

C)Itusuallyinvolvesaskingrespondentstoselectaresponsefromasetofchoices.

D)Datafromqualitativeresearchcanbeeasilysummarizedinpercentages,averages,orotherstatistics.

E)Itisgenerallyassociatedwithsurveyresearchthatinvolvesyes/noquestions.

54)Qualitativeresearchstudies

A)responsesthatcanbepresentedwithpreciseestimations.

B)thedynamicinterplayofpeoples'feelingsandideas.

C)respondentswhoareaskedtoselectaresponsefromasetofchoices.

D)datathatcanbesummarizedinpercentages,averages,orotherstatistics.

E)surveyresearchthatinvolvesyes/noquestions.

55)Whichstatementistrueaboutquantitativeresearch?

A)Itincludesdirectobservationofconsumersinchoiceorproductusagesituations.

B)Itstudiesthedynamicinterplaybetweenpeoples'feelingsandtheirresultingactions.

C)Itisgenerallyassociatedwithsurveyresearchthatinvolvesyes/noquestions.

D)Itincludesrecordingconsumers'firstimpressionsaboutproducts.

E)Italmostalwaysusesopen-endedorin-depthandunstructuredresponses.

56)Sarahaskstherespondentsinaresearchstudyaseriesofopen-endedquestionsabouttherespondents'feelingsandthoughtsonthesubjectofchildlabor.Sarahisconducting________research.

A)statistical

B)qualitative

C)tertiary

D)quantitative

E)numerical

57)Intheinternationalarena,thegreatestprobleminsamplingstemsfromthe

A)lackofadequatedemographicdatafromwhichmeaningfulsamplescanbedrawn.

B)lackofexpertiseindesigningsamplinglayoutsforanondomesticmarket.

C)higherprobabilityofforeigngovernmentinterventioninthesamplingprocess.

D)inabilityofinternationalmarketresearcherstospeakforeignlanguages.

E)difficultyindeterminingsamplesizesuitablefortherelevantforeignmarket.

58)Inmanyruralareas,therearenostreetmaps,somestreetsarenotidentified,andsomehousesarenotnumbered.Whichofthefollowingaspectsofmarketresearchisthissituationmostlikelytodirectlyaffect?

A)productenhancementanalysis

B)inventoryanalysis

C)theoptimizationprocess

D)thesamplingprocess

E)thedecentralizationprocess

59)Themostuniversalsurveyresearchprobleminforeigncountriesisthe________barrier.

A)technological

B)legal

C)cultural

D)literacy

E)language

60)Atoymanufacturerconductedasurveytoestimatethemarketdemandforitsspecializedwood-basedtoysinaforeigncountry.Forthesurvey,itinterviewedallthefamiliesinfourruraltownsofthatcountrybutitdidnothavesufficientinformationtomakethedistinctionbetweenthosewithchildrenandthosewithoutchildren.Themarketdemandforecastbasedonthissurveyfailedtomatchtheactualdemandforthetoys.Whichofthefollowingisthemostlikelyreasonforthisfailure?

A)difficultyindefiningtheresearchobjective

B)unwillingnessoftherespondentstoreplytosurveyquestions

C)difficultyintranslatingtheresponses

D)inappropriatesampleselectionduetolackofadequatedemographicdata

E)lackofappropriatemethodsforanalyzingthedata

61)Backtranslationsmaynotalwaysensureanaccuratetranslationbecauseofcommonlyusedidiomsinbothlanguages.Whichtypeoftranslationisusedtoovercomethisproblem?

A)serialtranslation

B)centering

C)lineartranslation

D)complimentarytranslation

E)paralleltranslation

62)Marketersusethreedifferenttechniquestoferretouttranslationerrorsinmarketingresearchquestionnairesaheadoftime.Whatisoneofthesetechniques?

A)simultaneoustranslation

B)serialtranslation

C)backtranslation

D)lineartranslation

E)recentering

63)In________translation,morethantwotranslatorsareusedforthebacktranslation;theresultsarecompared,differencesdiscussed,andthemostappropriatetranslationselected.

A)parallel

B)recentering

C)linear

D)random

E)front

64)Decenteringisahybridof________translation.

A)parallel

B)simultaneous

C)linear

D)random

E)back

65)Lola,alongwithmanyofherfriends,grewupinaverypoorcountryanddidn'tattendschool.Aconsumerproductscompanywantstodomarketingresearchinhercountryandplanstosendoutasurvey.Whatproblemismostlikelytohampertheresearchusingthistool?

A)taboos

B)productfit

C)lackofinterest

D)translation

E)illiteracy

66)AnAmericanmarketingresearchcompanywantedtouseasurveytodetermineifitwasfeasibletobuildshoppingcentersinseveralcountries.Sinceallofthecountriesspokeadifferentlanguage,thecompanyusedtwotranslatorsforeachcountry—onetotranslateitintothenativelanguage,andonetotranslateitbackintoEnglish.Theoriginaldocumentwasrevisedrepeatedlyuntilthetranslatedversionmatcheditinmeaning.Thisdescribestheprocessof

A)decentering.

B)bi-translation.

C)paralleltranslation.

D)centering.

E)reciprocaltranslation.

67)In________translation,aquestionnaireistranslatedfromonelanguagetoanother,andthenasecondpartytranslatesitagainintotheoriginal,andthetwooriginallanguageversionsarecompared.

A)serial

B)parallel

C)back

D)simultaneous

E)complimentary

68)Choishavingdifficultywithhercompany'sadvertisinginJapan.AsarepresentativeofCherryMotors,sheintendstouseAmericancampaignsintheJapanesemarket.Sheissurprisedtolearnthattheslogan"BodybyBass"(thecompanythatmakesexternalstructuresforCherryMotors)looselytranslatedinJapanesemeans"CorpsebyBass."WhichofthefollowingproblemsdidChoexperiencewithhercompany'sadvertisinginthisscenario?

A)impropersyntax

B)impropercolloquialismsorslang

C)impropergrammar

D)improperlocallanguage

E)improperforeignlanguage

69)Inthe________method,successivetranslationandretranslationofaquestionnairetakesplace,eachtimebyadifferenttranslator,andtheversionthatisfinallyusedanditstranslationhaveequallycomprehensiveandequivalentterminologiesinbothlanguages.

A)serialtranslation

B)triangulation

C)lineartranslation

D)netnography

E)decentering

70)Alexandria'sresearchfocusesonconsumersinBrazil,Russia,Canada,andNigeria.Inthiscase,Alexandriaismostlikelyengagedin________research.

A)geographical

B)anthropological

C)psychological

D)sociological

E)multicultural

71)Systematicmonitoringofchatrooms,blogs,andpersonalwebsitestoassessconsumers'opinionsaboutproductsandservicesisknownas

A)tomography.

B)serigraphy.

C)vitreography.

D)netnography.

E)lithography.

72)Bysystematicallymonitoringchatrooms,blogs,andpersonalwebsitestoassessconsumers'opinionsaboutthenewlineofhealthdrinksthathiscompanyhaslaunched,Carlosisengaginginthepracticeof

A)tomography.

B)serigraphy.

C)vitreography.

D)netnography.

E)lithography.

73)WhatisaseverelimitationofusingtheInternetforprimaryresearch?

A)ThedataontheInternetareusuallyoutdated.

B)TheeducationalqualificationsoftherespondentsofsurveysontheInternetcannotbeidentifiedaccurately.

C)SecondarydatacannotbeaccessedontheInternetforconductingresearch.

D)AsampleuniversecomposedsolelyofInternetrespondentsrepresentsapotentialbias.

E)UsingtheInternetforprimaryresearchisthemostexpensivewayofconductingprimaryresearch.

74)Accordingtothetext,todaytherealpoweroftheInternetforinternationalmarketingresearchisthe

A)reductioninthetimerequiredforcompletingprimaryresearch.

B)reductioninthecostofconductingprimaryresearch.

C)increaseinthereliabilityofthesurveysconductedusingtheInternet.

D)abilitytoovercomelegalbarrierstoconductingprimaryresearch.

E)abilitytoeasilyaccessvolumesofsecondarydata.

75)Twomethodsofforecastingdemandareparticularlysuitableforinternationalmarketers.Whatisoneofthesemethods?

A)probabilisticforecasting

B)expertopinion

C)simulation

D)extrapolation

E)scenariobuilding

76)G&P'smarketingresearchdepartmentneededtogetfiguresonmarketsizeandgrowthratesinacompanytheyweretargetingforgrowth.Theyoptedtousegovernmentofficialsandoutsideconsultantsfortheinformation.Thisisamethodknownas

A)probabilisticforecasting.

B)expertopinion.

C)simulation.

D)extrapolation.

E)scenariobuilding.

77)Whatisamethodofdemandforecastingthatbeginsbyestablishingarelationshipbetweentheitemtobeestimatedandameasurablevariable?

A)probabilisticforecasting

B)analogy

C)simulation

D)extrapolation

E)scenariobuilding

78)Thekeyinusingexpertopiniontohelpforecastdemandis________;thatis,comparingestimatesproducedbydifferentsources.

A)indemnification

B)simulation

C)morphing

D)modeling

E)triangulation

79)The________methodforestimatingdemandassumesthatdemandforaproductdevelopsinmuchthesamewayinallcountries,ascomparableeconomicdevelopmentoccursineachcountry.

A)referenceclassforecasting

B)analogy

C)morphing

D)scenariobuilding

E)triangulation

80)AtoymanufacturerhasexcellentsalesfiguresforitstoysincountryA,butinadequatefiguresintheneighboringcountryB.IncountryA,percapitaconsumptionisknowntoincreaseatapredictableratioaspercapitagrossdomesticproduct(GDP)increases.IfpercapitaGDPisknownforcountryB,percapitademandforthetoyscanbeestimatedusingtherelationshipsestablishedincountryA.Whichofthefollowingmethodsofforecastingdoesthisexampleillustrate?

A)probabilisticforecasting

B)referenceclassforecasting

C)expertopinion

D)analogy

E)linearregression

81)Todealwiththeproblemsinanalyzingandinterpretingresearchinformationinaninternationalmarket,amarketingresearchermustpossessthreetalents.Whatisoneofthesetalents?

A)theabilitytoworkwithinassignedbudget

B)creativetalentforadaptingresearchmethods

C)proventalenttouseandapplyadvancedstatistics

D)superiorlogicalabilityandthoroughknowledgeofthelanguageofthehomecountry

E)theabilitytoextrapolatehome-countrydata

82)Whatisadisadvantageofdecentralizedresearchmanagement?

A)Thecontrolhardlyrestsclosertothemarket.

B)Variousinternationallawsrestrictdecentralizedresearch.

C)Fieldpersonnelandresidentmanagerslackintimateknowledgeofthesubtletiesofthemarket.

D)Thereisunwarranteddominanceoflarge-marketstudiesindecisionsaboutglobalstandardization.

E)Decentralizedresearchhashigherprobabilityoftranslationalerrors.

83)Onedisadvantageofdecentralizedresearchmanagementispossibleineffectivecommunicationwith

A)fieldpersonnel.

B)home-officeexecutives.

C)customers.

D)localagencies.

E)residentmanagers.

84)InJapanesecorporateculture,whichactionismostlikelytoconstituteatypicalsignificantimpedimenttoavertingandrespondingtoacrisis?

A)Employeesliketoworkontheirownratherthaninagroup.

B)Negotiationsareavoidedatanycost.

C)Decisionsaregenerallytakenbylowerlevelemployeeswhodirectlydealwiththeproblem.

D)Employeeswhoarelowerinthehierarchyfindithardtoquestiontheirsuperiors.

E)Theprocessofdecisionmakingisextremelycomplexandtimeconsuming.

85)WhatistrueabouttheJapanesecorporateculture?

A)Employeesliketoworkontheirownratherthaninagroup.

B)Negotiationsareavoidedatanycost.

C)Decisionsaregenerallytakenbylowerlevelemployeeswhodirectlydealwiththeproblem.

D)Theproc