2024-2025学年高中英语Module4GreatScientistsSectionⅠIntroductionReadingandVocabulary课时作业含解析外研版必修4

Module4GreatScientists课时作业13SectionⅠIntroduction,ReadingandVocabularyⅠ.单词拼法1．Thefamilyoriginally(原来)camefromFrance.2．HaveyouseenthefilmTitanic,whoseleading(主要的)actorisworld­famous?3．Thatbuildinghasbeenconverted(转换)intoaschool.4．Somespecies(物种)ofanimalshavebecomeextinctbecausetheycouldnotadapttothechangingenvironment.5．EinsteinandChurchillwereamongtheoutstandingfigures(人物)ofthe20thcentury.6．Whenwillthedictionarybepublished(出版)?7．Ascientistmustproduceevidenceinsupport(支持)ofatheory.8．Surgeonshavemadeagreatbreakthrough(突破)inthekidneytransplantation.9．Theirproductsarenotonlysoldwellathome,butalsoexported(出口)toJapan，theUSA,etc.10．Thisnewmodelisofhighquality(质量)andisnotexpensive,either.Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空或在空格处填入语法形式正确的词1．We'dbetterbringintheadvancedtechnologytoimproveourproduct.解析：bringin引进。句意：我们最好引进先进的技术来改进我们的产品。2．Thenewsledtoagreatpanicinthevillage.解析：句意：那个消息在村里引起了极大的恐慌。leadto导致。3．Sadly,thereadingroomwhereKarlMarxdidalotofreadinghadmovedfromitsoriginal(original)placeintoanotherbuilding.解析：句意：悲伤的是，卡尔·马克思以前读书的那个阅览室从其原来的地方搬到另外一栋楼里去了。4．Mostofthepeopleinthecitystrongly(strong)supporttheplantobuildanover­bridgeonthebusyroadoutsidetheschool.解析：句意：大部分市民都剧烈支持在学校外面交通繁忙的公路上修建一座天桥的支配。修饰实义动词用副词。5．Ican'tfigureoutwhathashappenedtothevegetablesfortheywerefreshlypickedthismorning.解析：句意：我弄不明白这些蔬菜怎么了，它们是今日早上刚采摘的簇新蔬菜。figureout弄明白，搞清晰。6．Myeldersisterwasagainstmytravelplanwhilemyparentswereinsupportofit.解析：句意：我姐姐反对我的旅游支配而我父母赞成。insupportof支持。7．Thestrongearthquakelastedovertenminutes.Asaresult，mostofthebuildingsinthecityfelldown.解析：句意：剧烈的地震持续了特别钟以上，结果，城市里的大部分建筑都倒塌了。asaresult结果，因此。8．HowtobringuptheonlychildproperlyhascausedlotsofdiscussionsandargumentsinChina.解析：句意：如何正确地抚养独生子女在中国引起了很多的探讨和争辩。bringup抚养。9．Theirproductsareofhighquality.解析：ofhighquality质量好。10．Astheresultofthedestroyingoftheforests，quantitiesofrichlandhaveturnedintodesertontheearth.解析：句意：由于毁坏了森林，地球上大量的肥沃田地变成了沙漠。quantitiesof很多，大量。Ⅲ.语法填空Gandhi,anIndiannationalhero,washonoredasthefatheroftheIndiannation,__1__hasbeenrespectedandbelovedbytheIndians.HewasborninIndiain1869andwasbrought__2__inafamilywhobelievedinIndianBuddhism.Followingthelocalcustom,hegotmarriedattheageof13.In1888hesailedtoEngland,wherehestudiedlawforthreeyearsandbecamea__3__.OnhisreturntoIndia,hewassenttoSouthAfrica__4__(work)onalawcase.InSouthAfricahesurprisedlyfoundtheproblemofracialdiscriminationwasserious.Thereheformedanorganizationandstartedamagazinetofight__5__equalrights.GandhireturnedtoIndiain1915,whenIndiawascontrolledbytheBritish.He__6__(lead)theIndianstofightforanendtotheBritishruleandmanypeople__7__(support)him.InthepoliticalmovementmanyIndians__8__(include)Gandhiwereputinprison.However,thestrugglesneverstopped.TheBritishgovernmenthadtogivein__9__Indiawonitsindependencein1947.__10__(fortunate)GandhiwasshotbyanIndianwhoopposedhisviewsanddiedonJanuary30th,1948.1．who解析：考查非限制性定语从句，先行词是人，从句缺主语，所以填who。2．up解析：bringup哺育，抚养。3．lawyer解析：依据句意“他学了三年法律”及下文“他接收法律案件”不难推断他成了一名“律师”。4．to_work解析：不定式表目的。为了解决一桩法律案件他被派往南非。5．for解析：考查动词短语搭配。fightfor为……而战。6．led解析：考查动词的时态。依据前文的in1915可推断用一般过去时态。7．supported解析：and连接两个并列句，时态应一样，都用一般过去时态。8．including解析：依据句子的意思，很多印度人，包括Gandhi在内，都被关进牢里。including是介词。9．and解析：依据句子结构，空格的前后都是一个独立的并列句，所以用并列连词and。10．Unfortunately解析：副词unfortunately修饰整个句子。Ⅰ.阅读理解MarsonEarthDevonIslandhasalwaysbeenacoldanduninhabited(无人居住的)placeintheCanadianArctic.Dayafterdaytherearehighwindsandthetemperatureisbelowfreezing.Butforthefirsttime,despitetheterribleweatherconditions,DevonIslandisthenewhomeforagroupofexplorersfromNASA.TheyarelivinghereforafewmonthsinordertotrainandlearnhowtoliveandworkonMars.Thegroup'smemberscomefromvariousbackgroundsandnationalities,buttheyallhavethesamepurpose:tofindouthowpeoplecanliveonMarsinthefuture.TheyhavechosenDevonIslandbecausetheenvironmentandlandscapeissimilarinmanywaystoMars'.Thesurfaceisfreezingcoldandthegroundisrough.However,therearesomedifferencesonMars,wheretheatmosphereispoisonoustobreathe.DevonIslandiseasiertotraveltoandithasitsowndangersthatyouwon'tfindonMars.Forexample,youmightmeetahungrypolarbearonDevonIsland!OnethingtheteamwantstodevelopissuitableclothingforMars.Thisincludesaspacesuit.Thesuittheyaretestingatthemomentisstrongenoughbutit'stoodifficulttoputonandtakeoff.It'sverybigandbulky,whichmeansthatjustwalkingaroundisverydifficultandtiring.Inaddition,peoplewillneedtodoexperimentsonMarswhilewearingthesuitsotheyhavetobeabletomovearoundeasily.Oneteammember,AndyOverbeeke,specializesinspacesuitengineering.Heexplains,“Youhavetothinkaboutwhatthey'rereallygoingtooperatein.”AnotherpartofdailylifeonMarswillbemealsandfood.CreatinganewhomeonMarsrequiresalotoffood.Sothebigquestionis:canyougrowplantsinordertosurvive?ScientistsbelievethatgrowingplantsonMarsmightbepossible.MarsandEarthhavemanysimilarities.Theybothhaveaboutthesameamountofdrylandanda24­hourday.However,theatmosphereonMarsistotallydifferent,soCanadianscientistAlainBerinstainisattemptingtogrowplantsinaspecialgreenhousethatyoucouldalsobuildonMars.Thegreenhouseneedstorun365daysayear,soitusesacombinationofsolarenergyandwindpower.PeoplelivingonMarswillalsowanttheirowntransportation.Forthis,theteamonDevonIslandhavebuiltthe“MartianRover”.It'sahugeheavyvehiclethatcantraveloverrocksandroughterrain.Thiskindoftestingtakesmanydaysbutsofartheworkhasbeenvaluableandeffective.Asaresult,thewholeteamnowbelievestheirworkiscrucialandthatit'spossibleforhumanstolandontheplanetMarsandcreateahomethere.AndyOverbeekeadds,“Weknowthatit'sman'sdestinytogooutanddospaceexploration.It'salwaystimetothinkaboutwhatyouwanttodointhefuture.”本文是一篇科普文，主要讲解并描述了为了将来能在火星上生存，人们须要做的各方面的努力。1．TheexplorersarelivingonDevonIslandto________.A．receiveatraininginastronomyB．setupanadvancedresearchlabC．learnhowtoliveandworkonMarsD．makealivinginanuninhabitedland答案：C解析：细微环节理解题。依据第一段倒数其次句“TheyarelivinghereforafewmonthsinordertotrainandlearnhowtoliveandworkonMars.”可知，探究者们住在德文岛是为了学习如何在火星上生存和工作。故答案选C。2．TokeepfoodsupplyonMars,peopleshould________.A．createanewhomeB．improvetheatmosphereC．buildspecialgreenhousesD．reducetheareaofdryland答案：C解析：细微环节理解题。依据倒数其次段中的“togrowplantsinaspecialgreenhousethatyoucouldalsobuildonMars”可知，假如在火星上也要保持粮食供应，人们应当建立特别的温室大棚。故答案选C。3．Accordingtothepassage,weknowthat________.A．humansmayliveonMarsinthefutureB．MartianRoverhasfailedtostandthetestC．MarsandDevonIslandhavethesamesoilconditionD．scientistshavemasteredthemethodtogrowplantsonMars答案：A解析：细微环节理解题。依据最终一段倒数第三句中的“it'spossibleforhumanstolandontheplanetMarsandcreateahomethere”可知，将来人类有可能住到火星上去。故答案选A。Ⅱ.阅读填句Eyesightplaysaveryimportantroleinourdailylife.Everywakingmoment,theeyesareworkingtoseetheworldaroundus.OverfortypercentofAmericansworryaboutlosingeyesight,butit'seasytoincludestepsintoourdailylifetoensurehealthyeyes.Herearefivesuggestionsforalifetimeofhealthyeyesight：Schedule(支配)yearlyexams.__1__Expertsadviseparentstobringbabiessixtotwelvemonthsofagetothedoctorforacarefulcheck.Thegoodnewsisthatmillionsofchildrennowcanhaveyearlyeyeexamsandfollowingtreatment,includingeyeglasses.ProtectagainstUVrays.Along­termstayinthesuncreatestherisktoyoureyes.Nomatterwhattheseasonis,it'sextremelyimportanttowearsunglasses.__2__Giveyoureyesabreak.Two­thirdsofAmericansspenduptosevenhoursadayusingcomputersorotherdigitalproducts.__3__Expertsrecommendthatpeoplepractisethe20/20/20rule:every20minutes,takea20­secondbreakandlookatsomething20feetaway.__4__Aspartofahealthydiet,eatmorefruitandvegetableseachday.Vitamins(维生素)CandEhelpprotecteyesightandpromoteeyehealth.Practisesafewearandcareofcontactlenses.ManyAmericansusecontactlensestoimprovetheireyesight.Whilesomefollowthemedicalguidanceforwearingcontactlenses,manyarebreakingtherulesandputtingtheireyesightatrisk.__5__Otherwise,youmayhaveproblemssuchasredeyes,painintheeyes,oramoreseriouscondition.A．Eatyourgreens.B．Eyecare