押广东卷第56-60题 阅读理解B篇说明文（原卷版）-备战2023年中考英语临考题号押题广东卷2

押广东卷第56-60题阅读理解B篇说明文说明文是以说明为主要表达方式来解说事物或阐明事理的文章体裁。说明文一般采用平实的语言客观地解释或探讨各种问题，如动物的特征、介绍新生事物、自然或社会现象产生的原因等等。说明事物可采用多种方式：举例法、对比法、给事物下定义法、使用数据、图片法等等。无论采用什么说明方法，作者都是为了说明事物的本质特征，清晰地展现所说明的事物。说明文条理十分清晰；时态上多为一般现在时。

题型包括：1.

细节理解题；2.

生词词义判断题；3.

标题判断题；4.

主旨大意题；5.

文章结构题；6.

观点态度题。阅读说明文的关键：1.

明确说明对象。阅读事物说明文，首先从整体入手，把握文章的说明对象是什么；阅读事理说明文，首先弄清文章说明了什么事理。可以通过把握段落主题句来明确说明对象。2.

逐段概括要点，理清说明顺序。概括要点要重视首尾句的作用，重视概念句或解说性语句的作用。阅读时可以把这些语句勾画出来。3.

整体感知，把握中心。分析文章段落之间是并列、递进还是总分关系；是由现象到本质，还是由个别到一般，或是从结果到原因。最后总结出文章的中心思想。

说明文解题技巧1.

阅读做标记。在阅读的时候可给段落标上序号，并给重要的句子和关键词汇做上记号，尤其是各段中心句，为答题提供更快捷、更多的信息。2.

审清题干。发掘和把握试题中有效的提示性信息，确认命题的角度、阅读范围和答题方式。3.

定位阅读,强化对应意识。绝大部分的说明文阅读题都有一个共性，那就是答案基本上都能直接和间接从选段中找到依据。回答问题时要注意原文利用和自我加工相结合。（2021·广东·统考中考真题）Accordingtoaresearchmorethan130billionpoundsofuneatenfoodgotowasteinLaura’scountryeachyear.Thatisabout30%oftheyearlyfoodsupply(供应).Itisasadfactespeciallywhenyouconsiderhowmanyfamiliesandhomelesspeopleareinhunger.WhenLaurasawherschooldininghallthrowawayfoodthatwasnoteatenatalleveryday,shecameupwithanidea.Shestartedaprojecttohelpherschooldininghalltogiveawayuneatenfoodtohomelessshelters(庇护所)inhercommunity.Inthepastthreeyears,thesameprojecthasspreadtootherschoolsandsomefastfoodrestaurantsthroughoutthecity.TheprojectiscalledFeed&find,andhasalreadyfedthousandsofpeopleinhercity.Howdoesitwork?Throughanapp,Feed&Findmatcheslocalhomelessshelterswithschooldininghallsandrestaurantsthathaveuneatenfoodtoprovide.Whendininghallsorrestaurantshaveuneatenfoodleft,theycanusetheapptosharetheinformationaboutthefood.Atruckdriverworkingfortheprojectisthensenttopickitupandtakeittoashelter.Prettycool,right?It’snotsurprisingthatpeopleinothercitieshavegotintouchwithLaurahopingthatshecouldhavedevelopedsimilarprojectsfortheircommunities.Somepeople,however,haveconcernsaboutthesafetyoftheuneatenfood.Theythinksuchfoodmaynotbecleanenough.Still,thisprojectisacleverwaytohelpsolvetheproblemoffoodwasteandithelpsthoseinneed.1．Thenumbersinparagraph1tellus________.A．somepeoplearepoor B．foodwasteisseriousC．thepopulationislarge D．theresearchisinteresting2．Laura’sprojectfirstgotfoodfrom________.A．herschooldininghall B．herfamilyC．afastfoodrestaurant D．homelessshelter3．PeopleinothercitieswouldlikeLaurato________.A．findatruckdriver B．visittheircommunitiesC．giveawayfoodtothem D．helpdevelopprojectslikehers4．Theunderlinedwords“concerns”inthispassagemeans________.A．ways B．secrets C．worries D．decisions5．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?A．ADiningGuideApp B．AFoodSharingProjectC．ADrivingServiceApp D．AFoodSafetyProject（2021·广东·统考中考真题）WelcometoManorFarmU-pickActivities.Weareknownforourdeliciousstrawberries.Weinviteyoutovisitthefarmandenjoyourfreshproductsandgreatfarmingexperiences.We’lltryourbesttocreateasafeopen-airenvironmentforourcustomersunderthecircumstances(情况)ofCOVID-19thisyear.Pleasereadtheinstructionsbelow.Topickthestrawberries,youneedtomakeareservation(预约)onourwebsite.Reservationsareopenfrom13:00to20:00thedaybeforethepickingday.Pleasedon’tcometothefarmifyouaresick.Onthefarm,youneedtostayatleasttwometersawayfromanyoneyoudon’tlivewith.Forsafety,youmustuseournewbasketsonly.Abasketalonecosts5yuan.Itholdsabout2kgofstrawberriesandabasketofstrawberriesispricedat50yuanintotal.Ifchildrencome,theyMUSTstayclosetotheirparents.RunningupanddownthestrawberryrowswillNOTbeallowed.Ourworkerswilltellthemwheretostartpickingandthechildrenshouldlisten.Wehopechildrenwillfollowoursafetyrulesinourfields.Nopetsareallowedonthefarm.Anyquestions,pleasecallusat906-256-523.6．IfyougotothefarmonAugust8th,youcanmakeareservationat________.A．10:00onAugust6th B．10:00onAugust7thC．14:00onAugust6th D．14:00onAugust7th7．Thefarmprovidesnewbaskets________.A．tocutdownthecost B．toprotecttheenvironmentC．tokeepcustomerssafe D．tocarrymorestrawberries8．Onthefarm,childrenareaskedto________.A．plantsomestrawberries B．runalongtherowsC．stayclosetotheirparents D．lookaftertheirpets9．Formoreinformation,youcan________.A．writeanemail B．makeaphonecallC．sendavoicemessage D．watchnewsonTV10．Theinstructionsaremostprobablyfrom________.A．afarmowner B．ateacher C．anewsreporter D．acustomer（2020·广东·统考中考真题）OncethereweremanythousandsofGourmaDesert(沙漠)elephantsinMali,acountryinWestAfrica.Now,therearefewerthanfourhundred.Whydidthenumberoftheelephantsdropsoquickly?Ontheonehand,theelephants’mainlake,theironlywatersource(来源),driedup.Ontheotherhand,thelandwhichtheelephantslivedonwasoverusedbyhumans.Toprotecttheelephants’livingenvironment,theMaliElephantProject(MEP)wasstartedin2007.MEPmetwithlocalpeopleandhelpedthemmakerulesofusinglandandwater.Asaresult,thesituationbecamebetterandtherewasmorefood,forestandgrassland.However,from2012to2016,poaching(偷猎)andillegaltradeintheelephantsincreasedrapidly.Eighty-threeelephantswerelostin2015alone,andanotherfifty-oneelephantwerekilledin2016.“Ifthissituationgoeson,alltheGourmaelephantswillbekilledby2020,”saidamemberofMEP.Luckily,thevoiceofMEPwasheard.Moreorganizations(组织)havejoinedtogethertoeducatethelocalpeoplethattradingelephantsisagainstthelaw.Elephantpoachinghasdroppedtoaverylowlevel.Thelocalpeoplehavelearnedtolivepeacefullywiththeelephants,oneofthewildlifetreasuresintheworld.11．MEPwasstartedto________.A．raisemoreelephantsinMali B．stopthemainlakefromdryingupC．discoverwatersourceforelephants D．protecttheelephants’livingenvironment12．Whatdoestheword“illegal”inParagraph4meaninChinese?A．公平的 B．亏损的 C．非法的 D．合理的13．Eighty-threeelephantswerelost________.A．in2012 B．in2015 C．in2016 D．in202014．Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat________.A．thenumberoforganizationshasdropped B．thereismuchlesselephantpoachingnowC．thelocalpeoplekeeptheelephantsathome D．thewholeworldlivepeacefullywithelephants15．Thispassageismainlyabout________.A．therulesofusinglandandwater B．theeducationofthelocalpeopleC．theworkofMaliElephantProject D．thesituationofGourmaDesertelephants（2023·广东汕头·统考一模）Mostpeopleagreethathonestyisagoodthing.ButdoesMotherNatureagree?Animalscan’ttalk,butcantheyliewiththeirbodiesandbehavior?Animalexpertsmaynotcallitlying,buttheydoagreethatmanyanimalsbehavedishonestlytofoolotheranimals.Dishonestyoftenhelpsthemsurvive.Manykindsofbirdsareverysuccessfulatfoolingotheranimals.Abirdcalledtheploversometimespretends(假装)tobehurtinordertoprotectitsyoung.Whenanenemygetsclosetoitsnest,theploverpretendstohaveabrokenwing.Theenemyfollowsthe“hurt”adult,leavingthebabybirdssafe.Anotherkindofbird,thescrubjay,buries(埋)itsfoodsoitalwayshassomethingtoeat.Scrubjaysalsostealfood.Theywatchwhereothersburytheirfoodandstealit.Butcleverscrubjaysseemtoknowwhenothersarewatchingthem.Sotheygetbacklater,unburythefood,andburyitagainsomewhereelse.Chimpanzeescanalsobesneaky.Afterafight,thelosingchimpanzeewillgiveitshandtotheother.Whenthewinningchimpanzeeputsoutitshand,too,thechimpanzeesarefriendlyagain.Butananimalexpertoncesawalosingchimpanzeetakethewinner’shandandstartfightingagain.Whenchimpanzeesfindfood,it’snaturalforthemtocryout.Thenotherchimpanzeescomerunning.Butsomecleverchimpanzeeslearntocryverysoftlywhentheyfindfood.Thatway,otherchimpanzeesdon’thearthem,andtheydon’tneedtosharethefood.16．Howdoestheploversaveitsyoung?A．Catchtheenemy. B．Showtheirhonesty.C．Pretendtobehurt. D．Feedthemfood.17．Whatwillthescrubjaydowhenitknowsothersarewatchingthem?A．Burythefoodtwice. B．Stoppingstealingthefood.C．Burythefoodasusual. D．Runawayimmediately.18．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sneaky”mean?A．Honest. B．Brave. C．Weak. D．Lying.19．Whydomanyanimalsbehavedishonestly?A．Becausetheywanttohavefun. B．Becausetheyneedtodothatforlivingon.C．Becausetheywanttosharefood. D．Becausetheyarebeatendown.20．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．Doanimalslie? B．Honestyordishonesty?C．Howdoanimalsprotectlives? D．DoesMotherNatureagree?（2023·广东汕尾·统考二模）Argumentsbetweenteenagersandparentscanbeaproblemandshouldbetakenseriously.●ThreeexamplesoftheargumentsParent:Mikeisalwaysmakingtroubleinschool.You’dbetterkeepawayfromhim.Ben:Youdon’tknowhimaswellasIdo.StoptryingtotellmewhoIcanmakefriendswith.Parent:Don’tspendsomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.Youshoulddosomethingmeaningful.Grace:I’vealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Ijustwanttorelax.Parent:YougotanFinyourphysicsexamagain.I’mdisappointedwithyou.Jack:Ididstudyhard.Butit’sjusttoodifficultforme.●SomeresultsofasurveyAbout18%ofthekidstalktotheirparentswhentheyhaveproblems.Over50%ofthekidsthinktheirparentsdon’tunderstandthem.Almost50%oftheparentstalktotheirchildrenonlyaboutschool.●SomesuggestionsfromexpertsCommunicatewithyourkidsinafriendlyway.Encouragekidstosharetheirfeelingswithyou.Takepartindifferentactivitiestogetherwithkids.21．What’stheargumentbetweenBenandhisparent?A．BenmakesfriendswithMike.B．Bendoesn’tknowMikeverywell.C．Benalwaysmakestroubleinschool.D．BenkeepsawayfromMikeatschool.22．Grace’sparentthinksplayingcomputergamesis________.A．helpful B．relaxing C．meaningful D．meaningless23．Whydidn’tJackdowellinphysics?A．Becausehedidn’tstudyhard.B．BecauseheoftenplayswithMike.C．Becausehethinksit’stoohardforhim.D．Becauseheplayscomputergamestoomuch.24．Whatcanweknowfromthesurvey?A．Allthekidshaveargumentswiththeirparents.B．Mostparentstalktotheirchildrenonlyaboutschool.C．Noneofthekidsthinktheirparentsunderstandthem.D．Asmallnumberofkidstalktotheirparentswhenhavingproblems.25．Thesuggestionsarefor________.A．students B．parents C．teachers D．experts（2023·广东珠海·珠海市九洲中学校考一模）Sincehumanssentthefirstsatellite(卫星)tospaceinthe1950s,scientistshavebeenstudyinganimportanttopic:howtogrowplantsinspaceifhumanslivethereoneday.ArecentexperimentattheTiangongspacestationmakesabigstepforward.Chineseastronautshavesuccessfullygrownriceseedlings(幼苗)duringtheShenzhouXIVmission.Theresearchersaid,“Thericeseedlingsaregrowingverywell.”SincethericeexperimentbeganonJuly29,theseedlingsofthetallshootricevariety(高杆水稻品种)havereachedaheightof30centimeters.Theseedlingsofthedwarfricevariety(矮杆水稻品种)havegrownto5centimeters,ChinaDailyreportedonAugust30,2022.Whiletherehavebeenotherriceexperimentsinspace,thisoneisthefirstofitskindtoproducethecompletelifecycle(周期)ofaplant—itbeginswithaseedandendswithagrownplantproducingnewseeds.Suchfood-growingexperimentsarenotforastronauts.TheycansolvefoodproblemsonEarth.Bysendingseedstospace,wecancreatemutated(突变的)seedsthatcanproducehigheryields(产量)onEarth.Formorethan30years,Chinahasdevelopedover260newtypesofseedsinspace.TheyareplantedonEartheveryyear.AccordingtoYaoTong,anengineerfromHainanAerospaceEngineeringBreedingResearchCenter,30%ofstrawberriessoldinBeijingare“spacestrawberries”,whichareasbigaseggs.Thecenterhasalsoproduced“spacetomatoes”withyieldsincreasedby30%,and“spacebananas”withagrowthcycleshortenedfrom13monthsto9months.26．Howhighdidthetallshootricevarietygrowforthefirstmonth?A．5cm. B．25cm. C．30cm. D．35cm.27．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thisone”inParagraph3referto?A．Thedwarfricevariety. B．Thetallshootricevariety.C．Thelastriceexperimentinspace. D．ThericeexperimentonShenzhouXIV.28．Howdoesthisriceexperimentdifferfromotherexperiments?A．Itsseedlingshavesuccessfullycomeup. B．Itgoesthroughacompletelifecycle.C．Itsseedlingsaregrowingverywell. D．Itusescompletelynewricevarieties.29．Whydoweplantseedsinspaceaccordingtothepassage?a.Tofeedastronauts.

b.Toresearchonmutatedseeds.c.ToincreaseyieldsonEarth.

d.Tostudytheenvironmentofspace.A．ab B．bc C．ac D．bd30．Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A．Spaceplantingisbenefitingus. B．Spaceplantinghasdisadvantages.C．Peoplewillneverrunoutoffood. D．Peopleareafraidofspaceseeds.（2023·广东惠州·统考一模）Yourbelovedpetmaybehurtingyoursleep,newresearchfinds.Thoughpetscanbehelpfulforhealth,petownerwaslikelytohavepoorersleep,accordingtoastudy.Theresearcherscorrectedfactorsthatcouldinfluencesleep,includingrace(种族)andincome(收人),aswellasage,gender(性别)andBMI,andfocusedonwhetherapersonhadasleepdisorderandwhetherapersonhadacatoradog.Thefindingsshowedthathavingadogwasconnectedwithagreaterchanceofhavingasleepdisorderandhavingtroublesleeping,whilehavingacatwasconnectedwithhavingahigherchanceoflegjerks(抽搐)inthenight.“Theageofthepethasabiginfluenceonwhetherornottheykeepyouupatnight,”vanEgmondsaid.“Ifyouhavemanypets,theycaneggeachotheron.”Withdogs,itdependsalotonthekindandtheactivitylevelitneeds.Makingsureapetgetsplentyofphysicalactivitiesandmentalstimulation(刺激)duringthedaycanhelpanimals—andtheirowners—getbetterrest.Unlikedogs,catsaremoreactiveatnightanditiseasiertouseuptheirenergy.Ifyouplaywithyourcatbeforeitisreadyforbed,youwouldmakeithardforcatstofallasleep.Ifyoufeedyourcatafterplayingwithit,yourcatwouldfeelthatithassuccessfullyhunteditsfoodandisrewardedwithanicemealinreturn.Thenitgoestosleepquickly.Thenewstudyshowsthatpetscaninfluenceyoursleep,butwehavetoreallythinkaboutthatpetsaremuchmorethanapetinourfamily.31．Whatcanmakeagreatdifferencetoyoursleep?A．Food. B．Pets. C．Work. D．Noise.32．Ifyouhaveadog,youmayhavetroublein________.A．playingwithit B．study C．gettingmoremoney D．sleeping33．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“eggeachotheron”mean?A．Encourageeachothertofightorquarrel. B．Haveatalkwitheachother.C．Helpeachother. D．Learnfromeachother.34．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．Weshouldseethepetsasourfamily.B．Catsareveryactiveinthedaytime.C．Allthedogscaninfluenceyoursleep.D．Nomatterhowmuchacateats,itisalwaysfullofenergy.35．Inwhichpartofanewspapermaythispassageappear?A．Travel. B．Animals. C．Culture. D．Health.（2023·广东惠州·统考一模）Timemanagementhasalotoftipsandtricks(技巧).Andmeasuring(测量)timebyaclockorawatchcanhelpfixalotofstressinthelongrun.Aclockplaysanimportantroleintimemanagement.Itcangreatlyhelpusachieveourpurposes.Italsohelpsussaynotopeoplewantingtowasteourtime.Wecanuseitinmanypartsofourlife.Aclockcanbecomeourbestfriendinourlifewhenweuseittogetwhatwereallywant.Thefollowingwayscanhelpusgetstarted.Realizethepowerof30seconds.Forexample,ifyourhouseisinamess,thinkaboutthis.Failingtohangupacoatandkeepadeskorroomtidyhappenswhenweleaveoutthequickhousework.Wecanplayagametoseeifwecanbuildacleanandcomfortableenvironmentin30seconds.Ifpossible,exerciseataspecifictime.Wecanrideabike,runslowlyortakeaquickwalkfor15minutestwiceaday.Besides,wecantryarunningorswimmingracewithourfamilywithin15minutes.The15minutesseemsshort.However,itmakesourbodiesstrongerifwekeeponit.Gotobedandgetupontime.Thisgoodhabitkeepsyoufullofenergy.Goingtobedat10:30p.m.andgettingupat6:30a.m.isagreatchoice.Itwillmakeyouactiveandisgoodforyourstudyandwork.Everygoal(目标)inlifewilllikelybefullyrealizedbypairingitupwiththeclock.Therefore,weshouldlearntomanageourtimeandmakethebestuseofeveryminute.36．Whyclocksareimportantintimemanagement?A．Theycanhelpusachieveourpurposes.B．Theyareusedinmanypartsofourlife.C．Theyarepeople’sbestfriends.D．Theycanhelppeoplenotwasteothers’time.37．ThewaythewritergiveshisadviceinParagraph2is________.A．bytellingastory B．bygivinganexampleC．byaskingaquestion D．bycomparingtwofacts38．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“specific”inParagraph3mean?A．Free. B．Hard. C．Certain. D．Boring.39．Whichofthefollowingisthestructure(结构)ofthepassage?(P=Paragraph)A． B． C． D．40．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Touseaclocktomanagetime. B．Togiveexamplesofclocks.C．Toshowtheimportanceoftime. D．Todescribetimemeasurement.（2023·广东肇庆·统考一模）Transplantiseasyandoftencostsless.Ifyouarenewtothiskindofgardening,don’tworry.Agardenexpert,LeeReich,cangiveyouhisadvice.Reichsuggestsstartingwithflowersorvegetablesthatareeasyto