2024年牛津深圳版中考英语阅读填空与综合阅读

试题PAGE1试题阅读填空题一、阅读填空题的考查重点：阅读填空题是一种新的任务题型，是在掌握基本词汇量的前提下，考察对文章有效信息的归纳分析，从而概括总结。阅读填空题不仅考查学生的词汇量、对文章基本大意的掌握情况，还着重考查学生对所获信息进行加工处理的能力。这种能力是通过一定的练习，不断积累总结出来的，因此阅读填空题并不是仅仅对语言知识层面上的考查，更注重对语言的实际运用能力。二、阅读填空题的特点分析：（一）设置题目的特点阅读填空题的题目设置特点，简单来说主要是大量的词汇量上，深层面而言就是对文章信息的深层次挖掘和体会。设置题目的专家主要是根据选材，来让学生对比阅读，从而根据学生的阅读水平和结果，科学设置题目。（二）选取文章的特点阅读填空题的选材特点，主要选择的是记叙文和说明文，无论是哪种类型的文章，都要求学生对阅读中获得的信息进行梳理并使之具有逻辑性，达到条理化的程度。在填空过程中，要准确、高度的概括全文的主要内容，对全文有一个清晰的梳理，层次清晰。再做具体的题目时候，把每个问题细节化，对应到相对的段落中去，这样就能应对自如，对号入座。三、阅读填空题的解题步骤：（一）通读全文，了解大意，重视首句，综合判断。首先跳过空格，不看选项，快速地阅读全文，了解文章的主要内容，理清文章的脉络，判断全文的时态，从整体上感知全文，掌握主题及大意。 注意：要重视首尾句，善于利用首句提供的信息要点，准确抓住记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事物等要素。  （二）精读文章，确定语义，综合所学，全面分析。在把握短文大意后，再次认真阅读短文，利用上下文的语境，综合所学知识，确定空格处所填词的意义，再根据空格在句中的位置和前后搭配判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，最后根据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填词的正确形式。注意：先易后难，即先考虑固定词组、常见句型或明显的语法结构，再考虑名词、动词、形容词、副词等各种词性之间的转化形式。（三）复读短文，重审文章，利用语境，核验答案。填入所缺的单词之后，再次细读全文，深入体会文章的含义，明确所填词汇的合理性和准确性。填完后应整体阅读一至两遍，看看意思是否连贯、通顺，首字母是否对应，大、小写是否有误，书写是否规范，有无语法错误。注意：联系上下文，验证答案，先内容后语法，即先看上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，再看语法结构是否正确无误。四、阅读填空题的解题方法：（一）若所填词为名词，要注意单复数形式、所有格的用法。不可数名词都默认为单数，所以常与is或者was连用，最好不要根据some,any,a lot of等词去作判断，以免受误导。注意：1.可数名词复数的不规则变化，如：sheep-sheep,mouse-mice,woman-women.2.不可数名词的数量表达用“量词+of”，如：a glass of water, a piece of paper.3.有些名词既可数又不可数，如：fish,time,orange,hair.（二）若所填词为形容词、副词，要注意是否比较级或最高级形式，最高级前要加the。注意：1.形容词变副词+ly/ily，如：slow—slowly, quick—quickly, happy—happily.2.一些双音节和多音节词的比较级和最高级在原级前加more或themost，如：beautiful-more beautiful,quietly-more quietly, interesting-themost interesting. 3.有些不规则变化的，如：good/well–better,many/much–more,old–older/elder. 4.“比较级+and+比较级”译为“越来越 ”5.“the+比较级,the+比较级”译为“越…越…”（三）若所填词为动词，要考虑是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。若是谓语动词，注意时态和语态，若是非谓语动词，分析该动作与谓语动词动作发生的先后顺序，以及该非谓语动词与句子主语的主被动关系。注意：1.各个时态的标志性时间状语2.祈使句的句首、情态动词后加动词原型3. 一句话中不可出现两个谓语动词（四）若所填词为代词，要考虑其指代的名词是人还是物，单数还是复数，主格还是宾格，形容词性物主代词还是名词性物主代词，人称代词还是反身代词，指示代词还是不定代词。注意：1.一般句首填人称代词主格或名词性物主代词（意为“谁的什么东西”，一般有提示）2.如果空前是及物动词、系动词或介词，填人称代词宾格或名词性物主代词3.句中若出现某个人名或者人称代词主格形式，且空处译为“谁自己”，填反身代词（五）若所填词为数词，要注意基数词与序数词的转化形式。（六）若所填空没有提示词，一般填虚词（介词、连词、冠词）或常用的固定句型。注意：1.填介词，要考虑动词和介词的搭配、介词和名词的搭配等。2.填连词，首先考虑并列连词，其次考虑引导从句的从属连词。3.若是固定句型或词组，注意瞻前顾后，有时搭配之间离得较远，很难一下分辨出来。五、阅读填空题的解题技巧：所谓技巧即如何判断空格处填什么词性，判断时先词法后句法，先词义后句意。（一）当空格的前一个单词是动词时，考虑填名词、代词或副词（如：readbooks,askhim）；（二）当空格的后一个单词是名词时，考虑填形容词（如：interestingbooks）；（三）当空格的前一个单词是冠词时，考虑填名词或形容词（如：ateacher,anhonestboy）；（四）当空格的后一个单词是形容词时，考虑填副词（如：reallygood）；（五）当空格的后一个单词是副词时，考虑填动词（如：studycarefully）需要注意的是，以上五大技巧并不是绝对的，和汉语一样，英语语言十分灵活，因此大家对英语也要活学活用，做题时懂得融会贯通，找到适合自己的解题方法。俗话说，量变达到一定的程度才能引起质变，所以要想擅长做阅读填空题，就要保证做一定量的题，大量做题不仅是数量要多，而且内容要广泛。想要真正提高英语水平就必须在不同的场合多接触它们，掌握词汇的不同含义和用法以及英文的习惯表达方式，而阅读正是积累语言材料、丰富语言知识的过程。它不仅可以提高一个人的语言知识水平和答题技能，还可以增加语言背景知识和其他专业方面的知识。【随堂练习】（A）“IknowwhatIcando,soIneverdoubt1(I)”.Heiscalledthe“lightningBolt”.Peopleseehimastheworld’sfastestman.UsainBoltwasborninJamaicaonAugust21,1986.Asakid,hespent2(much)ofhistimeplayingcricketandsoccer.Whenhestartedelementaryschool,hefoundhistalentforrunning.Laterinhighschool,hebegantofocusonrunning,andsooncaughttheworld’s3(attend).Boltsrunningcareerwasnotsmoothatthe4(begin)becauseofhisinjuries.Afterhe5(final)gothealthy,hewon9goldmedalsatthreeOlympics(2008.2012,2016).Ontopofwinninggoldinallthreeofhisevents(100m,200m,4x100mrelay),he6(break)theworldrecordinachone!Boltretiredafterheranatthe2017WorldChampionships（世锦赛）inLondoninAugust.Hehasbeenoneofakindandisoneofthe7(great)runnersofalltime.（B）Betsy was born in Brooklyn, New York. Most of her childhood was spent in NewYork City, in a housefilled1books. It was then that she grew to love books and reading. Before she became a2(write), Betsy taught kindergarten and first grade. The best part of the school day for her3(be) story time, when she could share her favorite books with the class. She decided4(try) writing her own children’s books after she met her husband, illustrator（插画家）Giulio. Together, they have5(create) many books. She writes the words,andherhusband6(draw) the pictures. Betsy believes that writers should always edittheir own work and then ask someoneelse to look it over. “Your editor can be your teacher, one of your parents,your7(old)brother or sister, or someone in your class who is good at writing. Your editor will seeyour work8(different) from the way you see it, so you will get a new point of view.” Betsy and her husband like to travel, and they sometimes do research for theirbooks on9(they) trips. They also enjoy talking to students when they visit schools and10(library)．【课后作业】（A）I was in a shopping mall, so I decided to go and get a cup of coffee. As I was making my way to the coffee shop, I noticed an old gentleman poorly dressed1(sit) near the shop. I knew from the first sight that he needed help. He had a little lunch in front of him and was enjoying it. It was clear there wassomething wrong2his right eye. I then joined the line and waited to be3(serve)． Then one of4(beautiful) gestures（姿态）that I had ever seen in mylife happened. There was a young man in front of me in the line who was also waiting to be served.The next thing I knew was that the young man handed the waitress 20 dollars and5(request) a glass of juice as a favor（善行）. Thewaitress looked at the young man a little perplexed, not fully understanding the request. That was when the young man asked her6(give) the juice totheold gentlemaneating his lunch outside, as well as the change from the 20 dollars. The young man also told her that he would be watching every second so that she would be7(complete) safe. Then there was a wonderful exchange8the waitress and the old man. I only wished I could take a photo of the9(smile) on both of their faces. As I was considering this event later, I wondered why the young man didn’t perform this act of kindness10(he). Maybe he was hoping that this act of kindness might inspire others to do something for this old man as well. （B） I believe there are many things that we can do to make life in our town a lot better for teenagers. First of all, I think more bike lanes should1(build). A lot of teenagers in my town bike everywhere,2it’s very dangerous because there is a lot of traffic. If there are more bike lanes in the future, it will be much3(safe) for us.4(two), I believe that we need more places for teenagers to go to.5my opinion, teenagerswillnot cause problems in the street if there are more places for us to go to. So we need more6(club) and other places where we can meet. Thirdly, teenagers here need more sports facilities.There7(be) places to play ball games so far like tennis and basketball, but what about other sports,like8(skate) and rollerblading? Finally, I’m sure we’ll make the town betterifwe9(do) drop litter. If we all do something10(help) now, our town will be much better for everyone in the future. （C）Thanks to the nonprofit（非盈利的）program Music and the Brain,1(recent) it has offered Mayfield School keyboards,music classes and teacher training. When the students saw piano keyboards in neat rows,they were quite amazed.After all,it was the2(one)time for them to see something like that.With the help of the program,the children become morecreative through music.When they practise playing the piano,they have to be 3 (patience).The students need all4(kind)of abilities to work together. They have to see musical notes and decode（解码）them in their brains.At the same time,they use their fingers to make sounds.Music improves the 5(students)brains. Music has a special connection with science as well. You can see that many scientists are good at6 (play)musical instruments:Einstein played the violin,and German physicist Max Planck played the piano wonderfully. In a word,to earn music7(be)beneficial. 参考答案【随堂练习】(A)1.myself2.most3.attention4.beginning5.finally6.broke7.greatest(B)1.with 2.writer 3.was 4.totry 5.created 6.draws 7.elder 8.differently 9.their 10.libraries【课后作业】(A)1.sitting 2.with3.served4.themostbeautiful5.requested6.togive7.completely8.between9.smiles10.himself(B)1.bebuilt 2.but 3.safer 4.Secondly 5.In 6.clubs 7.havebeen 8.skating 9.don’t 10.helpful(C)1.recently2.first3.patient4.kinds5.students’6.playing7.is（19沈阳中考）综合阅读一、命题特点：（一）两篇阅读，每篇5小题，共20分，通常一篇课内文，一篇课外文；出题比较灵活，综合性较强，考查学生的整体能力，是学生易丢分的部分（二）题型固定，主要分为同义词（组）转换、句型转换、指代、翻译、填词、找中心词（句），同义词（组）转化和句型转换属于偏积累类的题型；翻译句子考查孩子平时对词组、搭配、时态等掌握以及应用情况；中心词主要考查对文章的整体把握情况，但整体难度不大，孩子不易丢分；代词要求学生掌握前后文的联系；填词难度较大，丢分较严重，是本题型中的难点。二．做题方法（一）同义词（组）：顾名思义，同义词（组）最基本的要做到词义相同，但除了同义之外，还要注意时态、单复数等细节问题。具体方法如下：1.积累类：此类比较简单，一般在授课过程中教师都会直接给出同义词，直接应用便可；例如should=oughtto=besupposed,each=every,achance=anopportunity2.根据自己已掌握的同义词加前缀后缀进行变化；例如possibility=probability(possible=probably),unluckily=unfortunately(luck=fortune)（二）句型转换：做题前注意观察原句和改写句子，将两个句子进行对比，找出缺少的部分，即需要我们做出转换的部分，缺什么补什么，同样要注意时态等细节问题1.积累类：此类和同义词（组）转换有些相似，比较简单，注意细节，不犯低级错误；例如：Iarrivedattheairportontime.=Igottotheairportontime.2.主被动互换：对句子观察后发现原句和改写句子主语和宾语互换，此时应该发生句子主被动的转换PS:被动句中的by可以省略，要通过被动语态基本结构bedone来判断其语态Weusewatertowashdishes.=Waterisusedforwashingthedishes.（三）指代：确定代词指代的单复数，对代词问题检查时可以把我们的答案代入原文中，如果符合语法以及句意要求，则指代回答没有问题1.前文找指代内容：通常情况下指代的代词指代的前文提到的内容(1)形容词性物主代词：这类代词的指代一定要把名词所有格答出来（即’s）(2)前文没提出来的概念，在指代时不能把该概念答出来，此用法参考8AUnit4MorePractice第一段最后一句话it指代问题，此it指代hisinvention,而不能答aballpointpen,原因如上(3)冠词a/an/the的添加，注意指代部分是泛指还是特指，正确使用冠词2.后文找指代内容：it做形式主语和形式宾语时，it指代todo不定式ItisdifficultformetostudyMathswell.It指代TostudyMathswell（PS:注意T大写）（四）翻译句子：翻译句子一定要注意搭配问题，介词搭配是易错点，翻译时一定要联系上下文，注意整篇文章的时态以及名词的单复数问题（五）填词：难度偏大，考点比较综合，孩子不易总结方法，主要是联系上下文，出现理解偏差问题1.固定搭配：填词类问题，首先考虑的一定是固定搭配，平时注意对词组的积累，找到固定搭配的关键词即可，此类填词在于固定搭配之间单词比较多，容易忽略2.谓语动词与连词的关系：此类适用于从句较多的填词，句子中最重要的词便是谓语动词，找准谓语动词，减去1便是应该有的连词数，通过这种方式对句子进行拆分，拆分成短的句子，便于自己分析3.前后呼应：填词必定不能脱离文章，有时前文会给出关键词，后文与其呼应，此方法在完形填空类题型中同样适用，例如usedto通常与now对应（六）找中心词（句）：中心词（句）要特别注意标题、文章收尾段，读题认真【随堂练习】Passage1Peopleindifferentcountrieshavedifferentwaysofdoingthings.Somethingpoliteinonecountrymaybequiteimpoliteinanothercountry.Doyouknowhowtheyhavedinnerinthefollowingcountries?TheJapanesedietisalwaysplainandsimple,andthedinneroftenleavespeopleasenseofnotbeingfull.Ifyousetupthedinnerinthemorning,aglassofmilkandahotdogareenough.Atnoon,maybealittlebitricher.(A)总体来说，晚餐是最丰富的.Thereisriceandvegetablesoup,andthemost(B)keythingisthatwinecouldonlybeincludedatnightinJapan.VodkaisRussia'swine,andtheRussiansjustputvodkaasa(C)signfordinner,becausenomatterwhosetsupthedinner,vodkacan'tbemissed.Duringthedinner,theRussianpeopleholdaglassofvodka.Thefirstcupisusuallydrunktogether.Singaporeanseattheirdinnerverycautiously,and(D)theywillnotinviteguestsiftheyhaveunknowneachother.AndSingapore'sgovernmentofficialscan'tacceptthedinnerinvitationofsociability(社交),or(E)theywillbepunished.1.在文中找出两个描述日本饮食的形容词：_______；_______2.将文中画线部分（A）译成英语：________________3.写出文中画线部分(B)和（C）的近义词或同义词：_______；_______4.将文中画线部分（D）改写为theywill_______inviteguests_______theyhaveknowneachother.5.文中画线部分（E）指代的是：_______Passage2YoumayhaveheardthatElizabethⅡ,theQueenofBritain,recentlycelebratedher70thweddinganniversary(结婚纪念日)withherhusband,PrincePhilip.That’sright—thetwohavebeenmarriedfor70years!IntheUnitedStatesandBritain,70thweddinganniversariesare(A)______as“platinumanniversaries(铂金婚)”.Infact,therearemanydifferenttermsthatareusedtodescribedifferentmarriagelengths.Forexample,celebratingthefirstyearofmarriageisknownasa“paperanniversary”.Fiftyyearsofmarriagemarksa“goldanniversary”.Andtheterm“diamond（钻石）anniversary”isused(B)________describeamarriagethathaslastedfor60years.(C)Peopleindifferentcountrieshavetheirownwaysofcelebratingweddinganniversaries.IntheUS,peoplegivegiftstocoupleswhentheyreachcertainyearsoftheirmarriage.Thefirstyearanniversaryismarkedbygivingthecoupleaclock.Ifacouplereachestheir10thanniversary,theycanexpecttoreceivediamondjewelry(珠宝).And(D)theycangetmusicalinstrumentswhentheyreachtheir24thanniversary.InCanadaandtheUS,couplescanevenreceivespecialcongratulationsfromworldleadersoncertainanniversaries.InCanada,couplescanreceiveamessagefromthecountry’sgovernorgeneral(总督)ontheir50thanniversary,andoneveryfifthanniversaryafterthat.IntheUS,thepresident(总统)himselfwillsend(E)agreetingtocoupleswhoreachtheir50thanniversaryandforeveryanniversaryafterthat.(F)它会是多么酷啊togetaletterfromthepresident！Or(G)perhapsthetrulycoolthingiscelebratingsuchalonglifefullofloveandhappinesswithyourspecialsomeone.1.在文中（A）和（B）的空白处分别填入适当的单词：_________;___________2.将文中划线部分（C）改写为：Peopleindifferentcountrieshavetheirownways_______________anniversaries.3.文中划线部分（D）指代的是：______________4.写出文中划线部分(E)和（G）的同义词或近义词：__________;_________5.将文中划线部分（F）译成英语：_______________【课后作业】Passage1BeforemyvisittotheUnitedStatesduringsummervacation,allthatIknewabouttheUnitedStateswasthatitisalargeanddevelopedcountry.(A)但是旅途中最吸引我的是很多指示牌.Therearenotonlysomesignswarningusnottodothings,asweseeinChina,butalsosomeotherspecialsigns.(B)AtYellowstoneNationalPark,differentsignswereeverywhere.“Don’tfeedtheanimals,”“Don’tplaywithwildanimals,”“Don’tcatchthefish,”etc.ThesesignsreallyshowustheAmericanpeople’srespectforlifeandnature.Tokeeptheecologicalbalance（生态平衡),(C)theytrytoprotectmostoftheirforestsandbodiesofwater.Theytryto(D)______allkindsoflivingcreatures.(E)______kindofspecialsignistheepitaphs（墓志铭）ontombstones（墓碑）.Isawmany(F)funnyepitaphsneartheGreatCanyoninArizona.“Inabloom,onatee,inwit&lovethatsing—lookforme”;“InlovingmemoryJoeYurosek‘BigDaddyfromyourfamily”;“Heavenisalittlecloserwhenyouareonthelake.”Thesewordsshowrelatives’orfriends’great(G)wishesandmemoriesofthedead,withalittlesenseofhumoraswell.DuringmyvacationintheUS,Iwasbusyreadingthesesigns.Tosomedegree,ImightsaythattheUSisa“kingdomofsigns”.Doyouagree?1.将文中画线部分（A）译成英语：________________2.将文中画线部分（B）改写为：Differentsignswere______and______atYellowstoneNationalPark.3.文中画线部分（C）指代的是：___________4.在文中（D）和（E）的空白处分别填入适当的单词：_______；_______5.写出文中画线部分（F）和（G）的近义词或同义词:______;_______Passage2WhenIwasinelementaryschool,Igotintoanargumentwithaboyinmyclass.Theteacherdecidedtoteachusaveryimportantlesson.Shebroughtusup(A)_______thefrontoftheclassroomandplacedhimononesideofherdeskandmeontheother.Inthemiddleofherdeskwasalarge,roundobject.Icouldclearlyseethatitwasblack.Sheaskedtheboywhatcolorherobjectwas.“White,”heanswered.Icouldn’tbelievehesaidtheobjectwaswhite,because(B)itwasclearlyblack!Anotherargument(C)startedbetweenmyclassmateandmeaboutthecoloroftheobject.TheteacheraskedmetostandwheretheboywasstandingandtoldhimtostandwhereIhadbeen.Wechanged(D)places,andnowsheaskedmewhatthecoloroftheobjectwas.Ihadtoanswer,“White.”Itwasanobjectwhosetwosideshavedifferentcolors.From(E)________viewpoint（视角）itwaswhite,andfrommysideitwasblack.IhaveneverforgottenthelessonthatIlearnedthatday.Sometimesweneedtolookatthematterfromtheotherperson’sviewpoint(F)是为了trulyunderstandhis/herview.1.在文中（A）和（E）的空白处分别填入适当的单词：________；________2.在文中找出两个描述物体形状的形容词：_______；_______3.文中画线部分（B）指代的是：_______4.写出文中划线部分(C)和（D）的近义词或同义词：_______；_______5.将文中画线部分（F）译成英语：________________Passage3Iwassixyearsold,whilemysister,SallyKaywasathree-year-oldgirl.Forsomereason,Ithoughtweneededtomakesomemoney.Idecidedtovisittheneighbors,offeringtocleanhousesforthemfor30cents.Everythingwentwell.Butoneneighbor（A）telephonedmymothertoletherknowwhatIweredoing.“Girls,”motherasked,“whywereyoutwotellingpeopleyouwouldcleantheirhouses?”(B)妈妈没有生我们的气.Butwesaidwedidn’tdoanysuchthing.MotherthentoldusthatMrs.Joneshadjustcalledandtold(C)herwehadbeentoherhouse.Facedwiththetruth,weadmittedwhatwehaddone.Mothertriedtoexplainwhyafib(小谎)hurt,butshedidn’tfeelthatwereallyunderstood.ThenMotherasked,“WouldyoutwoliketogotoseethemovieTheMatineethisafternoon?”“Oh,fantastic!”Afterlunch,wealldressedup.Beforegettingonthebus,Momsuddenlysaid,“Girls,wearenotgoingtothemovietoday.”“What?”Motherexplainedthisiswhatafibfeltlike.”Momsaid,“Ifibbedtoyoujustnowanditfeltawfultome.(D)Idon’twanttofibagainandI’msureyoudon’twanttofibagaineither.Peoplemustbeableto(E)believeeachother.”Thatishowoverfiftyyearsago,mysisterandIlearnedtobetruthful.Wehaveneverforgottenhowmuchafibcanhurtpeople.1.写出文中画线部分（A）和（E）的近义词或同义词:______;_______2.将文中画线部分（B）译成英语：_____________________3.文中画线部分（C）指代的是：____________4.将文中画线部分（D）改写为:I’msurethat______ofuswanttofib______.5.从文中找出能说明本文主旨大意的中心词：___________Passage4Someteensdreamofanewcarorover-the-toppartyfortheirsweet16,butagrandfatherspentyearsmakingathoughtfulgiftforhisgranddaughter.WhenLaurenwastwoyearsold,hergrandpa(A)startedtotakenoteseverytimetheyspenttimetogether.Hekeptthehabituntilshewasfiveyearsold,fillingupthreenotebooksinthepastthreeyears.OnLauren’s16thbirthday,hergrandfatherthoughtshewasoldenoughtofullyappreciate（领会）themeaningofthenotebooks,sohegavethemtoherasagift.WhenLaurenrealizedwhatthegiftwas,shewasintotalshock.(B)Therestofherfamilyweresosurprisedthattheycouldn'tsayanything.LaurenpostedapictureofthegiftonTwitter,and（C）ithasreceivedmorethan600,000comments.ThenotebookwritesthingsLaurenhadsaidordone.Hergrandparecordedhismemoriesoftheirlaughingandplayinggames.“Throughoutthestorieshewouldrepeatedlyaddhowmuchhelovedandcaredforme,”saysLauren.Laurensaysshe’ll(D)cherishthegiftforever—morethananyotherpresent.“(E)这份礼物是我已经收到的礼物中最棒的。”1.在文中找出能说明本文主旨大意的短语：________________2.写出文中画线部分(A)和（D）的同义词或近义词：_______；_______3.将文中画线部分（B）改写为：Therestofherfamilywere_______surprised_______sayanything.4.文中画线部分（C）指代的是：________________5.将文中画线部分（E）译成英语：________________参考答案【随堂练习】Passage1主旨大意:本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了不同的国家有不同的饮食方式。日本人的饮食一贯朴素简单，饭局上也如此；俄罗斯人无论谁设的饭局，饭局上都少不了伏特加酒；新加坡人对饭局持非常谨慎的态度，他们一般不会邀请初次见面的客人吃饭。1.plain;simple【解析】由第二段第一句“TheJapanesedietisalwaysplainandsimple...”可知日本人的饮食朴素简单。2.Generallyspeaking,dinneristherichest.【解析】总体来说generallyspeaking；“最丰富的”应用最高级therichest。3.important；symbol【解析】根据第二段最后一句句意可知key意为“重要的”，故其同义词或近义词为important；根据第三段第一句句意可知sign意为“象征；标志”，故其同义词或近义词为symbol。4.not;until【解析】句意为：如果他们相互不熟悉，将不会邀请宾客。此句可替换为not...until句型，即直到他们熟悉彼此才会邀请宾客。5.Singapore'sgovernmentofficials【解析】由最后一段的“...Singapore'sgovernmentofficialscan'tacceptthedinnerinvitationofsociability(社交),ortheywillbepunished.”可知指代新加坡政府官员。Passage2主旨大意:本文是一篇说明文。不同的文化背景下，庆祝结婚纪念日的方式也有所不同。文章介绍了英、美、加拿大人是如何庆祝他们不同阶段的结婚纪念日的。1.known;to【解析】beknownas被认为是故填known；beusedtodosth.被用来做某事，故填to。2.tocelebrate【解析】同义替换题。句意为：不同国家的人们都有他们自己庆祝结婚纪念日的方式。Wayofdoingsth.做的方式；waytodosth.做某事的方式，故填tocelebrate。3.Thecouplewhoreachtheir10thanniversary.【解析】代词指代题。根据第三段倒数第二句“Ifacouplereachestheir10thanniversary,theycanexpecttoreceivediamondjewelry(珠宝).”可知答案。4.wish;maybe【解析】同义替换题。(E)处句意为：在美国，总统本人将向第五十周年纪念日的夫妇以及之后的每一次结婚纪念日送去祝福。wish愿望，祝福。Perhaps可能，maybe可能。故填wish;maybe。5.Howcoolwoulditbe【解析】句子翻译题。根据中文提示可知句子为感叹句，且中心词为形容词，故，感叹词用how【课后作业】Passage1主旨大意:本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了作者在美国度假期间看到的各种类型的指示牌，通过这些指示牌，让作者对美国文化有了进一步的了解。1.Butmanysignsattractedmemostduringthejourney/trip【解析】但是But表转折，旅途中duringthejourney/trip；很多指示牌manysigns，在句中作主语；吸引attract，注意要使用一般过去时。2.here;there【解析】原句意为：在黄石国家公园，到处都是不同的指示牌。everywhere和hereandthere同义。故填here;there。3.Americanpeople【解析】根据前一句“ThesesignsreallyshowustheAmericanpeople’srespectforlifeandnature.”可知此处的they指的是Americanpeople。4.protect；Another【解析】D空所在句意为：他们尽力所有