押广东卷第56-60题 阅读理解B篇说明文（解析版）-备战2023年中考英语临考题号押题广东卷2

押广东卷第56-60题阅读理解B篇说明文说明文是以说明为主要表达方式来解说事物或阐明事理的文章体裁。说明文一般采用平实的语言客观地解释或探讨各种问题，如动物的特征、介绍新生事物、自然或社会现象产生的原因等等。说明事物可采用多种方式：举例法、对比法、给事物下定义法、使用数据、图片法等等。无论采用什么说明方法，作者都是为了说明事物的本质特征，清晰地展现所说明的事物。说明文条理十分清晰；时态上多为一般现在时。

题型包括：1.

细节理解题；2.

生词词义判断题；3.

标题判断题；4.

主旨大意题；5.

文章结构题；6.

观点态度题。阅读说明文的关键：1.

明确说明对象。阅读事物说明文，首先从整体入手，把握文章的说明对象是什么；阅读事理说明文，首先弄清文章说明了什么事理。可以通过把握段落主题句来明确说明对象。2.

逐段概括要点，理清说明顺序。概括要点要重视首尾句的作用，重视概念句或解说性语句的作用。阅读时可以把这些语句勾画出来。3.

整体感知，把握中心。分析文章段落之间是并列、递进还是总分关系；是由现象到本质，还是由个别到一般，或是从结果到原因。最后总结出文章的中心思想。

说明文解题技巧1.

阅读做标记。在阅读的时候可给段落标上序号，并给重要的句子和关键词汇做上记号，尤其是各段中心句，为答题提供更快捷、更多的信息。2.

审清题干。发掘和把握试题中有效的提示性信息，确认命题的角度、阅读范围和答题方式。3.

定位阅读,强化对应意识。绝大部分的说明文阅读题都有一个共性，那就是答案基本上都能直接和间接从选段中找到依据。回答问题时要注意原文利用和自我加工相结合。（2021·广东·统考中考真题）Accordingtoaresearchmorethan130billionpoundsofuneatenfoodgotowasteinLaura’scountryeachyear.Thatisabout30%oftheyearlyfoodsupply(供应).Itisasadfactespeciallywhenyouconsiderhowmanyfamiliesandhomelesspeopleareinhunger.WhenLaurasawherschooldininghallthrowawayfoodthatwasnoteatenatalleveryday,shecameupwithanidea.Shestartedaprojecttohelpherschooldininghalltogiveawayuneatenfoodtohomelessshelters(庇护所)inhercommunity.Inthepastthreeyears,thesameprojecthasspreadtootherschoolsandsomefastfoodrestaurantsthroughoutthecity.TheprojectiscalledFeed&find,andhasalreadyfedthousandsofpeopleinhercity.Howdoesitwork?Throughanapp,Feed&Findmatcheslocalhomelessshelterswithschooldininghallsandrestaurantsthathaveuneatenfoodtoprovide.Whendininghallsorrestaurantshaveuneatenfoodleft,theycanusetheapptosharetheinformationaboutthefood.Atruckdriverworkingfortheprojectisthensenttopickitupandtakeittoashelter.Prettycool,right?It’snotsurprisingthatpeopleinothercitieshavegotintouchwithLaurahopingthatshecouldhavedevelopedsimilarprojectsfortheircommunities.Somepeople,however,haveconcernsaboutthesafetyoftheuneatenfood.Theythinksuchfoodmaynotbecleanenough.Still,thisprojectisacleverwaytohelpsolvetheproblemoffoodwasteandithelpsthoseinneed.1．Thenumbersinparagraph1tellus________.A．somepeoplearepoor B．foodwasteisseriousC．thepopulationislarge D．theresearchisinteresting2．Laura’sprojectfirstgotfoodfrom________.A．herschooldininghall B．herfamilyC．afastfoodrestaurant D．homelessshelter3．PeopleinothercitieswouldlikeLaurato________.A．findatruckdriver B．visittheircommunitiesC．giveawayfoodtothem D．helpdevelopprojectslikehers4．Theunderlinedwords“concerns”inthispassagemeans________.A．ways B．secrets C．worries D．decisions5．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?A．ADiningGuideApp B．AFoodSharingProjectC．ADrivingServiceApp D．AFoodSafetyProject【答案】1．B2．A3．D4．C5．B【分析】食物浪费是当今社会一个很大的问题，Laura开发了一个应用可以帮助解决这个问题。1．推理判断题。根据“Accordingtoaresearchmorethan130billionpoundsofonuneatenfoodgotowasteinLaura’scountryeachyear.Thatisabout30%oftheyearlyfoodsupply(供应).”可知每年有1300亿磅的食物的食物被浪费，这些数字向我们展示了食物浪费的严重。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据“Throughanapp,Feed&Findmatcheslocalhomelessshelterswithschooldininghallsandrestaurantsthathaveuneatenfoodtoprovide.”可知Laura的项目最是从学校食堂开始。故选A。3．细节理解题。根据“It’snotsurprisingthatpeopleinothercitieshavegotintouchwithLaurahopingthatshecouldhavedevelopsimilarprojectsfortheircommunities.”可知其他城市的人也希望Laura帮他们开发这样的软件。故选D。4．词义推断题。根据“Theythinksuchfoodmaynotbecleanenough.”可知一些人认为食物没那么干净，所以担心食物的安全。故选C。5．最佳标题。根据“Still,thisprojectisacleverwaytohelpsolvetheproblemoffoodwasteandithelpsthoseinneed.”可知本文介绍的这个项目，可以帮助减少食物浪费，做到食物分享，B选项“一个食物分享项目”符合。故选B。（2021·广东·统考中考真题）WelcometoManorFarmU-pickActivities.Weareknownforourdeliciousstrawberries.Weinviteyoutovisitthefarmandenjoyourfreshproductsandgreatfarmingexperiences.We’lltryourbesttocreateasafeopen-airenvironmentforourcustomersunderthecircumstances(情况)ofCOVID-19thisyear.Pleasereadtheinstructionsbelow.Topickthestrawberries,youneedtomakeareservation(预约)onourwebsite.Reservationsareopenfrom13:00to20:00thedaybeforethepickingday.Pleasedon’tcometothefarmifyouaresick.Onthefarm,youneedtostayatleasttwometersawayfromanyoneyoudon’tlivewith.Forsafety,youmustuseournewbasketsonly.Abasketalonecosts5yuan.Itholdsabout2kgofstrawberriesandabasketofstrawberriesispricedat50yuanintotal.Ifchildrencome,theyMUSTstayclosetotheirparents.RunningupanddownthestrawberryrowswillNOTbeallowed.Ourworkerswilltellthemwheretostartpickingandthechildrenshouldlisten.Wehopechildrenwillfollowoursafetyrulesinourfields.Nopetsareallowedonthefarm.Anyquestions,pleasecallusat906-256-523.6．IfyougotothefarmonAugust8th,youcanmakeareservationat________.A．10:00onAugust6th B．10:00onAugust7thC．14:00onAugust6th D．14:00onAugust7th7．Thefarmprovidesnewbaskets________.A．tocutdownthecost B．toprotecttheenvironmentC．tokeepcustomerssafe D．tocarrymorestrawberries8．Onthefarm,childrenareaskedto________.A．plantsomestrawberries B．runalongtherowsC．stayclosetotheirparents D．lookaftertheirpets9．Formoreinformation,youcan________.A．writeanemail B．makeaphonecallC．sendavoicemessage D．watchnewsonTV10．Theinstructionsaremostprobablyfrom________.A．afarmowner B．ateacher C．anewsreporter D．acustomer【答案】6．D7．C8．C9．B10．A【分析】Manor农场在举行采摘活动，那里有美味的草莓，欢迎人们来采摘。在今年新冠肺炎疫情形势下，为了给客户营造安全的户外环境，该农场特做了一些说明。6．细节理解题。根据第二段“Reservationsareopenfrom13:00to20:00thedaybeforethepickingday.”可知，预订时间为采摘日前一天13:00至20:00。结合题意，D选项“8月7日14:00”符合文意，故选D。7．细节理解题。根据第五段“Forsafety,youmustuseournewbasketsonly.”可知，农场提供新篮子是为了保证客人的安全。故选C。8．细节理解题。根据第六段“Ifchildrencome,theyMUSTstayclosetotheirparents.”可知，如果孩子来的话，他们必须要跟紧他们的父母。故选C。9．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Anyquestions,pleasecallusat906-256-523.”可知，有任何问题可以打电话进行咨询。故选B。10．推理判断题。根据文章开头“Weareknownforourdeliciousstrawberries.Weinviteyoutovisitthefarmandenjoyourfreshproductsandgreatfarmingexperiences.”“我们以美味的草莓而出名，我们邀请你……”可以看出，写这个说明的是农场的主人。故选A。（2020·广东·统考中考真题）OncethereweremanythousandsofGourmaDesert(沙漠)elephantsinMali,acountryinWestAfrica.Now,therearefewerthanfourhundred.Whydidthenumberoftheelephantsdropsoquickly?Ontheonehand,theelephants’mainlake,theironlywatersource(来源),driedup.Ontheotherhand,thelandwhichtheelephantslivedonwasoverusedbyhumans.Toprotecttheelephants’livingenvironment,theMaliElephantProject(MEP)wasstartedin2007.MEPmetwithlocalpeopleandhelpedthemmakerulesofusinglandandwater.Asaresult,thesituationbecamebetterandtherewasmorefood,forestandgrassland.However,from2012to2016,poaching(偷猎)andillegaltradeintheelephantsincreasedrapidly.Eighty-threeelephantswerelostin2015alone,andanotherfifty-oneelephantwerekilledin2016.“Ifthissituationgoeson,alltheGourmaelephantswillbekilledby2020,”saidamemberofMEP.Luckily,thevoiceofMEPwasheard.Moreorganizations(组织)havejoinedtogethertoeducatethelocalpeoplethattradingelephantsisagainstthelaw.Elephantpoachinghasdroppedtoaverylowlevel.Thelocalpeoplehavelearnedtolivepeacefullywiththeelephants,oneofthewildlifetreasuresintheworld.11．MEPwasstartedto________.A．raisemoreelephantsinMali B．stopthemainlakefromdryingupC．discoverwatersourceforelephants D．protecttheelephants’livingenvironment12．Whatdoestheword“illegal”inParagraph4meaninChinese?A．公平的 B．亏损的 C．非法的 D．合理的13．Eighty-threeelephantswerelost________.A．in2012 B．in2015 C．in2016 D．in202014．Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat________.A．thenumberoforganizationshasdropped B．thereismuchlesselephantpoachingnowC．thelocalpeoplekeeptheelephantsathome D．thewholeworldlivepeacefullywithelephants15．Thispassageismainlyabout________.A．therulesofusinglandandwater B．theeducationofthelocalpeopleC．theworkofMaliElephantProject D．thesituationofGourmaDesertelephants【答案】11．D12．C13．B14．B15．D【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了马里大象项目(MEP)保护大象的举措和努力。11．细节理解题。根据第三段“Toprotecttheelephants’livingenvironment,theMaliElephantProject(MEP)wasstartedin2007”可知是为了保护大象的居住环境，成立了马里大象项目，故选D。12．词义猜测题。根据“Eighty-threeelephantswerelostin2015alone,andanotherfifty-oneelephantwerekilledin2016”可知illegal表达的是贬义，既然是偷猎，那就是违法的，此处指的是“非法的，违法的”。故选C。13．细节理解题。根据第三段“Eighty-threeelephantswerelostin2015alone”可知2015年失去83头大象，故选B。14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Luckily,thevoiceofMEPwasheard.Moreorganizations(组织)havejoinedtogethertoeducatethelocalpeoplethattradingelephantsisagainstthelaw.Elephantpoachinghasdroppedtoaverylowlevel.Thelocalpeoplehavelearnedtolivepeacefullywiththeelephants,oneofthewildlifetreasuresintheworld”可知A选项“hasdropped”表述错误；B选项表述正确，大象偷猎减少了很多；C选项“keeptheelephantsathome”表述错误；D选项“thewholeworld”表述错误。故选B。15．主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了马里大象Gourmaelephants的现状以及保护措施等等，主旨大意可概括为thesituationofGourmaDesertelephants。故选D。（2023·广东汕头·统考一模）Mostpeopleagreethathonestyisagoodthing.ButdoesMotherNatureagree?Animalscan’ttalk,butcantheyliewiththeirbodiesandbehavior?Animalexpertsmaynotcallitlying,buttheydoagreethatmanyanimalsbehavedishonestlytofoolotheranimals.Dishonestyoftenhelpsthemsurvive.Manykindsofbirdsareverysuccessfulatfoolingotheranimals.Abirdcalledtheploversometimespretends(假装)tobehurtinordertoprotectitsyoung.Whenanenemygetsclosetoitsnest,theploverpretendstohaveabrokenwing.Theenemyfollowsthe“hurt”adult,leavingthebabybirdssafe.Anotherkindofbird,thescrubjay,buries(埋)itsfoodsoitalwayshassomethingtoeat.Scrubjaysalsostealfood.Theywatchwhereothersburytheirfoodandstealit.Butcleverscrubjaysseemtoknowwhenothersarewatchingthem.Sotheygetbacklater,unburythefood,andburyitagainsomewhereelse.Chimpanzeescanalsobesneaky.Afterafight,thelosingchimpanzeewillgiveitshandtotheother.Whenthewinningchimpanzeeputsoutitshand,too,thechimpanzeesarefriendlyagain.Butananimalexpertoncesawalosingchimpanzeetakethewinner’shandandstartfightingagain.Whenchimpanzeesfindfood,it’snaturalforthemtocryout.Thenotherchimpanzeescomerunning.Butsomecleverchimpanzeeslearntocryverysoftlywhentheyfindfood.Thatway,otherchimpanzeesdon’thearthem,andtheydon’tneedtosharethefood.16．Howdoestheploversaveitsyoung?A．Catchtheenemy. B．Showtheirhonesty.C．Pretendtobehurt. D．Feedthemfood.17．Whatwillthescrubjaydowhenitknowsothersarewatchingthem?A．Burythefoodtwice. B．Stoppingstealingthefood.C．Burythefoodasusual. D．Runawayimmediately.18．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sneaky”mean?A．Honest. B．Brave. C．Weak. D．Lying.19．Whydomanyanimalsbehavedishonestly?A．Becausetheywanttohavefun. B．Becausetheyneedtodothatforlivingon.C．Becausetheywanttosharefood. D．Becausetheyarebeatendown.20．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．Doanimalslie? B．Honestyordishonesty?C．Howdoanimalsprotectlives? D．DoesMotherNatureagree?【答案】16．C17．A18．D19．B20．A【导语】本文通过列举鸟类和大猩猩的例子告诉我们动物为了生存有时候会撒谎。16．细节理解题。根据“Abirdcalledtheploversometimespretends(假装)tobehurtinordertoprotectitsyoung”可知一种叫千鸟的鸟有时假装受伤以保护幼鸟。故选C。17．细节理解题。根据“Butcleverscrubjaysseemtoknowwhenothersarewatchingthem.Sotheygetbacklater,unburythefood,andburyitagainsomewhereelse”可知当灌丛鸦知道被盯着后，它们会将食物再埋一次。故选A。18．词句猜测题。根据“Afterafight,thelosingchimpanzee…takethewinner’shandandstartfightingagain.”可知在一场战斗之后失败的黑猩猩会伸出手给另一只黑猩猩；当获胜的黑猩猩也伸出手时，黑猩猩又变得友好起来；但有一次一位动物专家看到一只失败的黑猩猩握着赢家的手，再次开始战斗，黑猩猩有时也不诚实。因此sneaky指的是“不诚实的”。故选D。19．细节理解题。根据“Dishonestyoftenhelpsthemsurvive”可知动物不诚实是为了生存。故选B。20．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述动物为了生存也会撒谎，选项A“动物会撒谎吗？”最适合作为本文标题。故选A。（2023·广东汕尾·统考二模）Argumentsbetweenteenagersandparentscanbeaproblemandshouldbetakenseriously.●ThreeexamplesoftheargumentsParent:Mikeisalwaysmakingtroubleinschool.You’dbetterkeepawayfromhim.Ben:Youdon’tknowhimaswellasIdo.StoptryingtotellmewhoIcanmakefriendswith.Parent:Don’tspendsomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.Youshoulddosomethingmeaningful.Grace:I’vealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Ijustwanttorelax.Parent:YougotanFinyourphysicsexamagain.I’mdisappointedwithyou.Jack:Ididstudyhard.Butit’sjusttoodifficultforme.●SomeresultsofasurveyAbout18%ofthekidstalktotheirparentswhentheyhaveproblems.Over50%ofthekidsthinktheirparentsdon’tunderstandthem.Almost50%oftheparentstalktotheirchildrenonlyaboutschool.●SomesuggestionsfromexpertsCommunicatewithyourkidsinafriendlyway.Encouragekidstosharetheirfeelingswithyou.Takepartindifferentactivitiestogetherwithkids.21．What’stheargumentbetweenBenandhisparent?A．BenmakesfriendswithMike.B．Bendoesn’tknowMikeverywell.C．Benalwaysmakestroubleinschool.D．BenkeepsawayfromMikeatschool.22．Grace’sparentthinksplayingcomputergamesis________.A．helpful B．relaxing C．meaningful D．meaningless23．Whydidn’tJackdowellinphysics?A．Becausehedidn’tstudyhard.B．BecauseheoftenplayswithMike.C．Becausehethinksit’stoohardforhim.D．Becauseheplayscomputergamestoomuch.24．Whatcanweknowfromthesurvey?A．Allthekidshaveargumentswiththeirparents.B．Mostparentstalktotheirchildrenonlyaboutschool.C．Noneofthekidsthinktheirparentsunderstandthem.D．Asmallnumberofkidstalktotheirparentswhenhavingproblems.25．Thesuggestionsarefor________.A．students B．parents C．teachers D．experts【答案】21．A22．D23．C24．D25．B【导语】本文指出青少年与父母们多因互相不理解而发生争吵，并就这个问题提供了几条专家的建议。21．细节理解题。根据“Mikeisalwaysmakingtroubleinschool.You’dbetterkeepawayfromhim.”可知，本的家长不希望他和迈克成为朋友。故选A。22．推理判断题。根据“Youshoulddosomethingmeaningful.”可推知，格雷斯的家长认为玩电脑游戏是没有意义的。故选D。23．细节理解题。根据“Butit’sjusttoodifficultforme.”可知，杰克认为自己物理学得不好是因为对于他来说物理太难了。故选C。24．细节理解题。根据“About18%ofthekidstalktotheirparentswhentheyhaveproblems.”可知，少数孩子在有问题时会跟父母说。故选D。25．推理判断题。根据“Communicatewithyourkidsinafriendlyway.；Encouragekidstosharetheirfeelingswithyou.；Takepartindifferentactivitiestogetherwithkids.”可推知，本文的建议是写给父母的。故选B。（2023·广东珠海·珠海市九洲中学校考一模）Sincehumanssentthefirstsatellite(卫星)tospaceinthe1950s,scientistshavebeenstudyinganimportanttopic:howtogrowplantsinspaceifhumanslivethereoneday.ArecentexperimentattheTiangongspacestationmakesabigstepforward.Chineseastronautshavesuccessfullygrownriceseedlings(幼苗)duringtheShenzhouXIVmission.Theresearchersaid,“Thericeseedlingsaregrowingverywell.”SincethericeexperimentbeganonJuly29,theseedlingsofthetallshootricevariety(高杆水稻品种)havereachedaheightof30centimeters.Theseedlingsofthedwarfricevariety(矮杆水稻品种)havegrownto5centimeters,ChinaDailyreportedonAugust30,2022.Whiletherehavebeenotherriceexperimentsinspace,thisoneisthefirstofitskindtoproducethecompletelifecycle(周期)ofaplant—itbeginswithaseedandendswithagrownplantproducingnewseeds.Suchfood-growingexperimentsarenotforastronauts.TheycansolvefoodproblemsonEarth.Bysendingseedstospace,wecancreatemutated(突变的)seedsthatcanproducehigheryields(产量)onEarth.Formorethan30years,Chinahasdevelopedover260newtypesofseedsinspace.TheyareplantedonEartheveryyear.AccordingtoYaoTong,anengineerfromHainanAerospaceEngineeringBreedingResearchCenter,30%ofstrawberriessoldinBeijingare“spacestrawberries”,whichareasbigaseggs.Thecenterhasalsoproduced“spacetomatoes”withyieldsincreasedby30%,and“spacebananas”withagrowthcycleshortenedfrom13monthsto9months.26．Howhighdidthetallshootricevarietygrowforthefirstmonth?A．5cm. B．25cm. C．30cm. D．35cm.27．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thisone”inParagraph3referto?A．Thedwarfricevariety. B．Thetallshootricevariety.C．Thelastriceexperimentinspace. D．ThericeexperimentonShenzhouXIV.28．Howdoesthisriceexperimentdifferfromotherexperiments?A．Itsseedlingshavesuccessfullycomeup. B．Itgoesthroughacompletelifecycle.C．Itsseedlingsaregrowingverywell. D．Itusescompletelynewricevarieties.29．Whydoweplantseedsinspaceaccordingtothepassage?a.Tofeedastronauts.

b.Toresearchonmutatedseeds.c.ToincreaseyieldsonEarth.

d.Tostudytheenvironmentofspace.A．ab B．bc C．ac D．bd30．Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A．Spaceplantingisbenefitingus. B．Spaceplantinghasdisadvantages.C．Peoplewillneverrunoutoffood. D．Peopleareafraidofspaceseeds.【答案】26．C27．D28．B29．C30．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是中国宇航员在神舟十四号任务中成功种植了水稻幼苗，可以创造出突变的种子，从而在地球上产生更高的产量，以此解决地球上的食物问题。26．细节理解题。根据“theseedlingsofthetallshootricevariety(高杆水稻品种)havereachedaheightof30centimeters.”可知高杆水稻品种的幼苗已经长到30厘米。故选C。27．词句猜测题。根据“Chineseastronautshavesuccessfullygrownriceseedlings（幼苗）duringtheShenzhouXIVmission.”可知文章讲述的是中国宇航员在神舟十四号任务期间成功培育了水稻幼苗的事件，再根据“Whiletherehavebeenotherriceexperimentsinspace”可知在太空中还有其他的水稻实验，因此“thisone”指的是在神舟十四号上进行的水稻实验。故选D。28．细节理解题。根据“Whiletherehavebeenotherriceexperimentsinspace,thisoneisthefirstofitskindtoproducethecompletelifecycleofaplant”可知虽然在太空中也有其他的水稻实验，但这是同类实验中第一个产生植物完整生命周期的水稻。因此区别在于经历完整的生命周期。故选B。29．细节理解题。根据“Suchfood-growingexperimentsarenotjustforastronauts.TheycanalsosolvefoodproblemsonEarth.”可知这样的食物种植实验不仅仅是为了宇航员。它们还可以解决地球上的粮食问题。再根据“Theseedscanthenproducehigheryields（产量）onEarth.”可知这些种子可以生产比在地球上更高的产量。因此可知在太空种植粮食作物，一可以供养宇航员，二可以提高其在地球上的产量。故选C。30．主旨大意题。根据“30percentofstrawberriessoldinBeijingare‘spacestrawberries‘,whichareasbigaseggs.Thecenterhasalsoproduced‘spacetomatoes’withyieldsincreasedby30percent,and‘spacebananas’withagrowthshortenedfrom13monthsto9months.”可知北京销售的草莓中有30%是“太空草莓”，和鸡蛋一样大。该中心还生产了产量增加30%的“太空西红柿”，以及生长期从13个月缩短到9个月的“太空香蕉”。因此主要介绍了太空种植的植物对我们的好处。故选A。（2023·广东惠州·统考一模）Yourbelovedpetmaybehurtingyoursleep,newresearchfinds.Thoughpetscanbehelpfulforhealth,petownerwaslikelytohavepoorersleep,accordingtoastudy.Theresearcherscorrectedfactorsthatcouldinfluencesleep,includingrace(种族)andincome(收人),aswellasage,gender(性别)andBMI,andfocusedonwhetherapersonhadasleepdisorderandwhetherapersonhadacatoradog.Thefindingsshowedthathavingadogwasconnectedwithagreaterchanceofhavingasleepdisorderandhavingtroublesleeping,whilehavingacatwasconnectedwithhavingahigherchanceoflegjerks(抽搐)inthenight.“Theageofthepethasabiginfluenceonwhetherornottheykeepyouupatnight,”vanEgmondsaid.“Ifyouhavemanypets,theycaneggeachotheron.”Withdogs,itdependsalotonthekindandtheactivitylevelitneeds.Makingsureapetgetsplentyofphysicalactivitiesandmentalstimulation(刺激)duringthedaycanhelpanimals—andtheirowners—getbetterrest.Unlikedogs,catsaremoreactiveatnightanditiseasiertouseuptheirenergy.Ifyouplaywithyourcatbeforeitisreadyforbed,youwouldmakeithardforcatstofallasleep.Ifyoufeedyourcatafterplayingwithit,yourcatwouldfeelthatithassuccessfullyhunteditsfoodandisrewardedwithanicemealinreturn.Thenitgoestosleepquickly.Thenewstudyshowsthatpetscaninfluenceyoursleep,butwehavetoreallythinkaboutthatpetsaremuchmorethanapetinourfamily.31．Whatcanmakeagreatdifferencetoyoursleep?A．Food. B．Pets. C．Work. D．Noise.32．Ifyouhaveadog,youmayhavetroublein________.A．playingwithit B．study C．gettingmoremoney D．sleeping33．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“eggeachotheron”mean?A．Encourageeachothertofightorquarrel. B．Haveatalkwitheachother.C．Helpeachother. D．Learnfromeachother.34．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．Weshouldseethepetsasourfamily.B．Catsareveryactiveinthedaytime.C．Allthedogscaninfluenceyoursleep.D．Nomatterhowmuchacateats,itisalwaysfullofenergy.35．Inwhichpartofanewspapermaythispassageappear?A．Travel. B．Animals. C．Culture. D．Health.【答案】31．B32．D33．A34．A35．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了宠物对人类睡眠的影响。31．细节理解题。根据“Yourbelovedpetmaybehurtingyoursleep,newresearchfinds.”及“andfocusedonwhetherapersonhadasleepdisorderandwhetherapersonhadacatoradog.”可知，宠物对人们的睡眠有影响。故选B。32．细节理解题。根据“Thefindingsshowedthathavingadogwasconnectedwithagreaterchanceofhavingasleepdisorderandhavingtroublesleeping,”可知，如果你有一只狗，你睡眠可能会困难。故选D。33．词句猜测题。根据“Ifyouhavemanypets,theycaneggeachotheron.”可知，划线部分eggeachotheron意为“怂恿、鼓动某人”，即鼓励彼此打架或争吵。故选A。34．推理判断题。根据最后一段“butwehavetoreallythinkaboutthatpetsaremuchmorethanapetinourfamily.”可知，作者认为宠物在我们家庭中的角色不仅仅只是宠物，我们应该把宠物看作我们的家人。故选A。35．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了宠物和人类睡眠之间的关系，人类睡眠属于健康范畴，故在“健康”版块可看到此文章。故选D。（2023·广东惠州·统考一模）Timemanagementhasalotoftipsandtricks(技巧).Andmeasuring(测量)timebyaclockorawatchcanhelpfixalotofstressinthelongrun.Aclockplaysanimportantroleintimemanagement.Itcangreatlyhelpusachieveourpurposes.Italsohelpsussaynotopeoplewantingtowasteourtime.Wecanuseitinmanypartsofourlife.Aclockcanbecomeourbestfriendinourlifewhenweuseittogetwhatwereallywant.Thefollowingwayscanhelpusgetstarted.Realizethepowerof30seconds.Forexample,ifyourhouseisinamess,thinkaboutthis.Failingtohangupacoatandkeepadeskorroomtidyhappenswhenweleaveoutthequickhousework.Wecanplayagametoseeifwecanbuildacleanandcomfortableenvironmentin30seconds.Ifpossible,exerciseataspecifictime.Wecanrideabike,runslowlyortakeaquickwalkfor15minutestwiceaday.Besides,wecantryarunningorswimmingracewithourfamilywithin15minutes.The15minutesseemsshort.However,itmakesourbodiesstrongerifwekeeponit.Gotobedandgetupontime.Thisgoodhabitkeepsyoufullofenergy.Goingtobedat10:30p.m.andgettingupat6:30a.m.isagreatchoice.Itwillmakeyouactiveandisgoodforyourstudyandwork.Everygoal(目标)inlifewilllikelybefullyrealizedbypairingitupwiththeclock.Therefore,weshouldlearntomanageourtimeandmakethebestuseofeveryminute.36．Whyclocksareimportantintimemanagement?A．Theycanhelpusachieveourpurposes.B．Theyareusedinmanypartsofourlife.C．Theyarepeople’sbestfriends.D．Theycanhelppeoplenotwasteothers’time.37．ThewaythewritergiveshisadviceinParagraph2is________.A．bytellingastory B．bygivinganexampleC．byaskingaquestion D．bycomparingtwofacts38．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“specific”inParagraph3mean?A．Free. B．Hard. C．Certain. D．Boring.39．Whichofthefollowingisthestructure(结构)ofthepassage?(P=Paragraph)A． B． C． D．40．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Touseaclocktomanagetime. B．Togiveexamplesofclocks.C．Toshowtheimportanceoftime. D．Todescribetimemeasurement.【答案】36．A37．B38．C39．C40．A【导语】本文主要讲述了时钟在时间管理中所起的重要作用，还介绍了如何开始时间管理的方法和进行时间管理的好处。36．细节理解题。根据“Aclockplaysanimportantroleintimemanagement.Itcangreatlyhelpusachieveourpurposes.”可知，时钟在时间管理中起着很重要的作用，因为它可以帮助我们极大地帮助我们实现我们的目标。故选A。37．推理判断题。根据第二段内容“Realizethepowerof30seconds.Forexample,ifyourhouseisinamess,thinkaboutthis.Failingtohangupacoatandkeepadeskorroomtidyhappenswhenweleaveoutthequickhousework.”可知，作者在第二段中是通过举例的方式来给出自己的建议。故选B。38．词义猜测题。根据“Wecanrideabike,runslowlyortakeaquickwalkfor15minutestwiceaday.Besides,wecantryarunningorswimmingracewithourfamilywithin15minutes.”可知，我们可以进行为时15分钟的骑自行车运动、或慢跑15分钟、或快走15分钟，此外，我们还可以尝试与家人来进行为时15分钟的跑步比赛或游泳比赛。15分钟是一个特定的时间段，所以第三段第一句的“exerciseataspecifictime.”应是表示在特定的时间内锻炼，划线单词specific则意为“特定的”，与certain“特定的，具体的”同义。故选C。39．篇章结构题。第一段主要讲述了时钟在时间管理中起到的重要作用；第二段、第三段和第四段均为介绍如何开始时间管理的方法；第五段主要是在呼吁大家要学会时间管理，充分利用好每一分钟。由此可知，本文的文章结构应是选项C所示。故选C。40．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Timemanagementhasalotoftipsandtricks(技巧).Andmeasuring(测量)timebyaclockorawatchcanhelpfixalotofstressinthelongrun.Aclockplaysanimportantroleintimemanagement.”和最后一段的第一句“Everygoal(目标)inlifewilllikelybefullyrealizedbypairingitupwiththeclock.”可知，时间管理有很多技巧和窍门，而时钟在时间管理中起着很重要的作用，且通过与时钟的搭配，生活中的每一个目标都有可能完全实现。由此可推测，本文的主要目的是想告诉人们要使用时钟去管理时间。故选A。（2023·广东肇庆·统考一模）Transplantiseasyandoftencostsless.Ifyouarenewtothiskindofgardening,don’tworry.Agardenexpert,LeeReich,cangiveyouhisadvice.Reichsuggestsstartingwithflowersorvegetablesthatareeasyt