2022届高三英语培优外刊阅读学案：体育竞赛话题

高三英语培优外刊阅读外刊精选｜最快女孩的陨落：“金牌至上”的牺牲品在竞技体育中，盛行着一种“为胜利不惜一切”的文化，许多运动员因此酿成悲剧。玛丽·凯恩曾经是美国跑得最快的女孩，屡破比赛纪录的她被视为是“一代一遇”的种子选手。然而，在加入耐克的“俄勒冈项目”后，由于被迫达到以男性身体素质为依据的不合理竞技标准，玛丽经受了身体和心理的双重虐待，不仅梦想破灭，身体也被击垮，昔日的运动天才从此寂寂无名。造成这场悲剧的背后原因是什么？女性运动员在体育竞技中面临怎样的困境？IWastheFastestGirlinAmerica,UntilIJoinedNike①At17,MaryCainwasalreadyarecord-breakingphenom:thefastestgirlinageneration,andtheyoungestAmericantrackandfieldathletetomakeaWorldChampionshipsteam.In2013,shewassignedbythebesttrackteamintheworld,Nike’sOregonProject,runbyitsstarcoachAlbertoSalazar.②Theneverythingcollapsed.③Aftermonthsofdietingandfrustration,Cainfoundherselfchoosingbetweenleavingthebestteamintheworld,orpotentiallydevelopingosteoporosisoreveninfertility.Shelostherperiodforthreeyearsandbrokefivebones.Shewentfrombeingaonce-in-a-generationOlympichopefultohavingsuicidalthoughts.④Insteadofbecomingasymbolofgirls’unlimitedpotentialinsports,Cainbecameyetanotherstandoutyoungathletewhogotbeatendownbyawin-at-all-costsculture.⑤GirlslikeCainbecomedamagedgoodsandfadeaway.⑥Abigpartofthisproblemisthatwomenandgirlsarebeingforcedtomeetathleticstandardsthatarebasedonhowmenandboysdevelop.Ifyoutrytomakeagirlfitaboy’sdevelopmenttimeline,herbodyisatriskofbreakingdown.⑦“Whenyouhavethesekindsofgoodgirls,girlswhoaregoodatfollowingdirectionstothepointofexcelling,you’llfindasystemthat’shappytotakethem.Andit’srifewithabuse,”saidLaurenFleshman,whoranforNikeuntil2012.【词汇过关】请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。1.record-breaking[ˈrekɔːdˌbreɪkɪŋ]adj.________________________2.phenom[fəˈnɒm,ˈfiˌnɑm]n.________________________3.collapse[kəˈlæps]vi.________________________4.osteoporosis[ˌɒstiəʊpəˈrəʊsɪs]n.________________________5.infertility[ɪnfəˈtɪlɪti]n.________________________6.period[ˈpɪəriəd]n.________________________7.once-in-a-generation________________________8.hopeful[ˈhəʊpfəl]n.________________________9.win-at-all-costs________________________【词块学习】请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。1.成功加入……；成为……___________________________________________2.耐克俄勒冈项目___________________________________________3.意识到自己在做某事___________________________________________4.轻生的念头___________________________________________5.又一个___________________________________________6.瑕疵品___________________________________________7.逐渐消失___________________________________________8.达到标准___________________________________________9.以某事为标准；基于某事___________________________________________10.符合时间线___________________________________________11.处在……风险之中___________________________________________12.到了言听计从的程度___________________________________________13.充满某物___________________________________________拓展练习阅读理解TheInternetischangingthewaywecommunicate.LOL,awks,amazeballs,BRB,theuseofemojiandemoticon—andevenwritingfacialexpressionssuchas‘sadface’—haveallbecomestandardindigitalcommunications.Soingrained,infact,thatthey’rechangingthewaywewriteandeventalk.“Peoplearebecominglessconcernedwithgrammar,spellingandsentencestructure,andmoreconcernedwithgettingtheirmessageacross,”saysGavinHammar,CEOandfounderofSendible.There’snodoubtthattheconsumptionofabbreviateddigitalcontentishavingahugeeffectonlanguage.“Overthelastfiveyearsattentionspanshaveshortenedconsiderably,whichisreflectedinthecontractedformsoflanguageweseeinsocialmedia,”saysRobinKermode,founderofcommunicationscoachingconsultancyZone2.However,somethinkthattheinternethasmadeusbettercommunicatorssinceweincreasinglyusemuchmorestreamlinedlanguage.“TogetamessageacrossusingTwitterforexample,itmustbeconciseandmustconformtothetoneusedthere,whichincludesabbreviations,acronyms.”Thefastestgrowing‘newlanguage’intheworldisemoticons(faces)andemojis(imagesofobjects,whichhailfromJapan),whichareoneofthebiggestchangescausedbydigitalcommunications.“Facialexpressions,visualpresenceandbodylanguagehavealwaysbeenvitaltobeingaconfidentspeaker,butnowemojisareblurringthelinesbetweenverbalandwrittencommunication,”thinksKermode,whoaddsthatcavemenhadearlyversionsofemojisonthesidesoftheircaves.“Pictures,cartoonsoremojisare‘shortcuts’sowecanbeclearaboutwhatourmessagereallymeans.”Ifyoumainlyuseemojis,whynotgetakeyboard-basedaroundsmileyfacesandcartoonicons?That’sexactlywhatSwyftMediarecentlycreated,andwhileit’smoreofaPRstuntthekeyboardsofthefuturewillprobablycontainatleastsomeemojis.Emoticonsandemojisarearguablymoremeaningfulthanslangandshorthand,whichcanbetooeasilymisunderstood.“Ioncewitnessedagirlbeingdumpedinatext,whichconsistedofamessagewithjustfiveletters,URMYX’—linguisticallyeconomic,butemotionallyharsh,”saysKermode.Troubleis,thesenderhadactuallymeantYOUAREMINE.X’.“Ifhe’daddedthreeemojis—likeasmileyface,aheartandaweddingring,hemightnowbehappilymarried!”Thesamegoesforastatementsuchas“INEEDTOSPEAKTOYOURIGHTNOW”,whichneedsaqualifyingemoticonoremojitogiveitmeaning.“Itcouldsignalanangrymeetingorapassionatemeetingbutaddacoffeecup,abigsmileyfaceoranangryfaceanditbecomesclearwhat’sreallygoingon,”saysKermode.Theymaybederidedbytraditionalists,butemoticonsandemojisusedtodescribemoodarethebodylanguageadd-onthatthewrittenwordhasalwayslacked.Inmostinstances,theseiconsrepresentlanguageevolutionandprogress,notregression.1.Whatdoestheword“ingrained”inparagraph1mostprobablymean?A.Deep-rooted. B.Long-lasting. C.Well-equipped. D.Single-minded.2.Whichofthefollowingstatementcorrectlyinterpretstheunderlinedsentencebutnowemojisareblurringthelinesbetweenverbalandwrittencommunicationinparagraph5?A.Emojisaremixingupthespokenwordsandthewrittenwordsinourdailyconversations.B.Emojisaremakingthedifferencesbetweenspokenandwrittencommunicationlessclear.C.Emojisareinlinewithspokenandwrittenexpressions.D.Emojisarehelpingspokenandwrittencommunicationbecomemorestraight-forward.3.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNotTrue?A.Peoplearemoreconcernedwithgettingtheirmessageacrossratherthangrammar,spellingorsentencestructure.B.TheInternethasmadeusbettercommunicatorsbecauseweareincreasinglyusingmorestreamlinedandconciselanguage.C.Emoticonsandemojiscanbeusedtodescribethemoodofcommunicatorsandclarifytherealmeaningoftheirmessage.D.Usingemojiscansometimesmaketheprocessofdecodingmeaningsmoredifficultinreal-lifecontexts.4.WhatCanNotbelearnedfromthepassage?A.TheInternetischangingthewaywecommunicate.B.Withimagesoffacialexpressionsorobjects,emoticonsandemojiscanbeusedtovividlydescribemood,andthushelpavoidmisunderstanding.C.Emoticonsandemojisarethefastestgrowing“newlanguage”andkeyboardsofthefuturewillprobablycontainsomeofthem.D.Emoticonsandemojisaddneedlessmeaningstolanguageandcausemisunderstandings.外刊精选答案【词汇过关】请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。1.record-breaking[ˈrekɔːdˌbreɪkɪŋ]adj.破纪录的2.phenom[fəˈnɒm,ˈfiˌnɑm]n.杰出的人（或事物）；奇迹；（尤指）体育奇才3.collapse[kəˈlæps]vi.（突然的）倒塌4.osteoporosis[ˌɒstiəʊpəˈrəʊsɪs]n.骨质疏松（症）5.infertility[ɪnfəˈtɪlɪti]n.不孕不育症6.period[ˈpɪəriəd]n.生理期7.once-in-a-generation一代一遇的8.hopeful[ˈhəʊpfəl]n.有希望成功的人；有希望成名的人9.win-at-all-costs不惜一切代价赢的【词块学习】请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。1.makesth.成功加入……；成为……2.Nike’s