北京市海淀区2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试 英语 含答案

海淀区高二年级练习英语2024.01学校班级姓名考生须知1.本试卷共8页，共四个部分，53道小题。满分100分。考试时间90分钟。2.在试卷和答题纸上准确填写学校名称、班级名称、姓名。3.答案一律填涂或书写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。4.在答题纸上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其余题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。5.考试结束，请将本试卷和答题纸一并交回。第一部分：听力理解(共三节，16分)第一节(共4小题；每小题1分，共4分)听下面4段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。1.Wherearethespeakers?A.Atapostoffice.B.Ataflowerstore.C.Atarosegarden.2.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydonext?A.Playfootball.B.AskJimforhelp.C.Gotoashopnearby.3.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Feelingsaboutlearningforeignlanguages.B.Methodsoflearningforeignlanguages.C.Reasonsforlearningforeignlanguages.4.Whataretheytryingtodecide?A.Wheretotakeavacation.B.Whethertogoonaholiday.C.HowtotraveltotheAlpsinEurope.第二节(共6小题；每小题1分，共6分)听下面3段对话。每段对话后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话你将听两遍。听第5段材料，回答第5至6小题。5.Whattroubledoesthewomanhave?A.Communicatingwithhermom.B.Understandinghermother.C.Expressingherfeelings.6.Whichsuggestionwillthewomanmostprobablytake?A.Writingaletter.B.Drawingapicture.C.Leavingamessage.听第6段材料，回答第7至8小题。7.Whydoesthegirltalktotheboy?A.Toinvitehimtojoinherteam.B.Toaskhimforcontestdetails.C.Toencouragehimtojoininthecontest.8.Howdoestheboyfeelaboutthecontest?A.Interested.B.Stressed.C.Concerned.听第7段材料，回答第9至10小题。9.Whatmakesthemanfeelworriedabouttheuseoftechnology?A.Machinesarealwaysright.B.AIwillhaveharmfulpurposes.C.Peoplearetoodependentonit.10.Howshouldpeopledevelopandusetechnology?A.ByraisingtheawarenessofAI.B.Byimprovingeducationalskills.C.Byunderstandingitsbenefitsandrisks.第三节(共4小题；每小题1.5分，共6分)听下面一段独白，完成第11至14四道小题，每小题仅填写一个词。听独白前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段独白你将听两遍。DifferentTypesofEducationFormaleducation·Teach_11_skillsaswellasmoreadvancedlessons·Beprovidedbyqualifiedteachersor_12_Informaleducation·Learnskillsoracquireknowledgefromhome,…·Learnfromthe_13_inone'scommunityNon-formaleducation·_14_atimetableandbesystemicallyaccomplished·Beflexibleintermsoftimeandnormallyhavenoagelimit第二部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分)阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Onthemorningofmyfirstmarathon,Iwokeupbeforemyalarmandateaclassicrunner'sbreakfastIhadslepteighthoursMyunreliableleftkneewasn'tbotheringmeIwas15Thenmygirlfriend,Louisa,knockedonthedoor,askingwhetherIhadcheckedmyemail.Raceofficialssentanemailat5a.m.announcingTheTwinCitiesMarathoninMinneapolisandSt.Paulhadbeen16duetorecordhightemperaturesWhileIunderstoodwhytheraceorganizersdidn'twanttoputrunnersat17,IalsoknewthatIhadtrainedinthebakingandhumidWashingtonD.C.allsummer.IfIcouldstartearlierthanplannedandfinisharoundnoon,I'dmisstheworst18ofthedayIwenttothestartinglineandsawmanyrunnersdespitethecancellation.IjoinedagroupoflocalrunnerswhoknewtherouteWhilerunning,Iwasoverfilledwith19tostillseeneighborswhogatheredoutsidetheirhouses20outbottlesofwaterastheywatchedrunnersgobyTherunnersandsupportersmadetheracefeellikearealmarathon,duringwhichthesharedgoalofreachingthefinishinglineandtheaffirmationsfromthecrowdsmademebelieveIcouldrunthe21raceThelastonemileoftheroutewasdownhill.Bythatpointintherace,mylegsfeltlikejelly.Butfromthetopofthehill,Icouldseedozensofsupporterscheeringrunnershome,which22metomoveon.Whenmysmartwatchfinallytickedto“26.2”miles,Icalledout“I'mdone”toLouisa,whohadbeengivingamuchneeded23alongthewayIletoutadrysobandgaveLouisaahugAftermonthsoftraining,theunexpectedemotionfeltlikeatotalrelease.Myfirstmarathonwascanceled,butIran262miles2415.A.readyB.stuckC.unfortunateD.surprised16.A.putoffB.calledoffC.wipedoutD.carriedout17.A.restB.willC.riskD.ease18.A.jamB.heatC.moodD.drought19.A.joyB.tensionC.fearD.peace20.A.pickingB.clearingC.pointingD.handing21.A.regularB.advancedC.entireD.competitive22.A.forcedB.expectedC.requiredD.encouraged23.A.speechB.boostC.solutionD.message24.A.lateB.soonC.anywayD.somewhat第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给出提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。ABythetimeHelenKellerwassevenyearsold,shestillcouldn'tspeak,readorwriteandneededtohaveeverythingdoneforher.Withthesesevererestrictionstohercommunication,Helen'sbehaviorwasoften25(bear)Herparentsgotasuperbteacher26(recommend)tothem,awomannamedAnneSullivan.Anne,whosetechniquewassimpleandstraightforward,putanobjectintoHelen'shandandspeltoutthewordonherotherhandThepreciousknowledgeAnne27(teach)HelengaveherhopeandjoyAsHelengraspedthekey28language,shediscoveredmorecomplexwordsandeventuallyunderstoodthem.BTheeight-day-longholidayof2023beganwiththeMid-AutumnFestivalonFridayandincludedtheOct1NationalDayItwas29peoplecalledthelongestGoldenWeekBigcitieslikeBeijingandShanghaiwerefavoreddestinations.Smallercities,suchasChengduandXi’an,werealsopopular.InGuangzhouandShenzhen,extraovernighthighspeedtrains30(schedule)tocopewiththetravelincreaseduringthelongholidaySofar,bothdomesticandoverseastravels31(recover)significantlywithdomestictravelaccountingfornearlythreequartersofthetotal.CIntoday'sworld,everyonewantstobecomesuccessful.Mostofushavetheinitialmotivationtostartsomething,but32(accomplish)thattasksometimesturnsouttobeboringandhencewelosehopeofachievingitinthemiddleofthejourney.Consistency,however,isgenerallybelievedtobethemaindriverleadingtotheultimatesuccess,33meansstayingfocusedanddedicatingoneselftothegoalItistheability34(remain)committedtoataskorhabitwithoutwanderingfromitSo,wecansaythatconsistencyisthecriticalelementofsuccess.第三部分：阅读理解(共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。(共14小题；每小题2分,共28分)AConflictexistsinallrelationships.Byconflict,wespecificallymeanverbaldisagreementsandarguments.Peopledisagreesometimes,andthatisn'tnecessarilyabadthing—youhavetherighttohaveadifferentopinionfromyourpartner(s).What'simportantisthatyoucommunicateeffectivelyandinahealthywaythatallowsyoutounderstandeachotherbetterandmakeyourrelationshipstronger.TheLoveIsRespectYouthCouncilisanorganizationcreatedin2020asawaytodirectlyengagewithyouthaged12-17toaddresstheissuesofrelationships,includingmaintainingsafetywhensocializingonline,dealingwithpeerpressureatschoolandimprovingrelationshipswithparents.Herearesometipstohelpresolveconflictsinahealthyway.●FindtherealissueArgumentstendtohappenwhenyourwantsorneedsaren'tbeingmet.Trytogettotherealissuebehindyourargument.It'spossiblethatyouoryourpartnerarefeelinginsecureoryouaren'tbeingtreatedrespectfully,andareexpressingthosefeelingsthroughargumentsoverunrelatedthings.Learntotalkabouttherealissue,soyoucanavoidconstantfightingthatmaykeepyouawayfromtheheartoftheproblem.●CompromisewhenpossibleCompromiseisamajorpartofconflictresolutionandanysuccessfulrelationship,butitcanbehardtoactuallyachieve.Taketurnsmakingdecisionsaboutthingslikewhattoeatfordinner,orfindamiddlegroundthatallowsyoubothtofeelsatisfiedwiththeoutcome.●ConsideritallIftheissueyou'rearguingoverchangeshowyoufeelabouteachotherorforcesyoutocompromiseyourbeliefsormorals,it'simportantthatyoustressyourposition.Ifnot,consideryourpartner'sviewsontheissue,whythey'reupset,andifcompromiseisappropriate.Trytocontextualizeyourargumentstogiveeachotherroomtoexpressyourfeelings.HopethesetipsarehelpfulIfyouneedmoreinformation,clickhere35Tofindtherealissue,youshouldA.haveopenconversationsB.avoidargumentsC.seekforcommongroundD.sacrificeyourinterests36Whendealingwithconflict,youmayA.breakdowntheissueintosmallpartsB.argueovertheissuewithyourpartnerC.changehowyoufeelabouteachotherD.putyourselfinothers'shoestoexaminetheissue37YoucangethelpfromtheorganizationA.whenunsureofthesafetyofaspecificwebsiteB.whencuriousabouthowtoimprovemathgradeC.whenarguingwithclassmatesoveragroupprojectD.whenstrugglinghardtostopsocialmediaaddictionBAdomAppiah,isnotyourtypicalHighSchoolJunior.HehastakenhisvolunteerismtoawholenewlevelbystartinganonprofitcharityorganizationcalledBall4Good.Amazingly,thisinnovativeorganizationwasaresultofAdom's7thgradeschoolassignment.Atage12,hishistoryteacher,Mrs.KelseaTurner,atSpartanburgDaySchool,hadchallengedherstudentstodedicate20%oftheirclasstimetoaserviceproject.Shesuggestedthattheyresearchacommunityneedandthenworkindependentlyonfindingasolution.Adomwasinspired.Adomhadgreatpassionforplayingsportsasasoccerandbasketballplayer.So,henaturallythoughtofcombiningsportsandcommunitysupportintoanathletics-orientedserviceproject.Hisideawastoinviteathletes,leadersandcelebritiestoplayballgamestoraisemoneyforlocalcharities.Ball4GoodhelditsfirstCelebrityBasketballGamein2017.Heuseddonationsreceivedonhis13thbirthdayasseedmoneyfortheevent.Itwasahugesuccessandraisedover$70,000for13localcharities.Then,Adom'sideahastransformedintoamovementthatishelpingcommunitiesthroughvariouswayssuchascelebritysportevents,charitydrivesandfundraising.Itdonatesraisedfundstovariouscausesaffectingchildren,suchasautism,homelessness,abuseandcancer.IfalltheseaccomplishmentsaboutBall4Goodwerenotenough,theteenhasalsoauthoredthreemotivationalchildren'sbookstoinspirestudentstochangetheworldandbouncebackfromfailures.Donationsfrombooksaleshavesupportedseveralcharitablecauses.Inaddition,hewonaNationalAward(GloriaBarronforYoungHeroes,2019)thatcomeswitha$10,000prizeforhispublicserviceefforts.HavingmultipleprojectshasnotslowedAdomdown,asheiscurrentlyhostinghisownshowcalledKidsChangingtheWorldonTV.“Itrytohavekidsinvolvedineverystepoftheway,sotheycanfigureouthowthingsworkinthebusinessandphilanthropistworld,”Adomsaid.Hewantspeopletoknowthatsuccessstartswithbelievinginyourself.HisgoalistoexpandBall4Good'sreach.Hebelievesthatbyencouragingotherstogetinvolved,he'smultiplyingtheimpactofBall4Good.38.WhatinspiredAdomAppiahtostartBall4Good?A.Passionforsportsandsupportfromacommunity.B.Aschoolassignmentgivenbyhishistoryteacher.C.Hisexperiencesofbeingasoccerandbasketballplayer.D.Athletes,leadersandcelebritiesheinvitedtoplaygames.39Accordingtothepassage,wecanlearnthatBall4GoodA.aimstopromotecommunitysportsB.helditsfirstactivitywithAdom'sownsavingsC.helpscommunitiessimplythroughcelebritysporteventsD.usesraisedmoneytohelpchildreninvariousdifficulties40.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeAdomAppiah?A.Kindandhumorous.B.Generousandpatient.C.Innovativeandinspiring.D.Hardworkingandreliable.CClimatechangeinfluenceshoworganismsliveandfunctionintheirenvironment.Investigatinghoworganismsadaptisessentialforaccuratelypredictingtheirsurvival,andtrackinggenomic(基因组的)changeshelpsresearchersdeterminethelastingeffectsofthechangingenvironment.Copepods,adominantcoastalspecies,areparticularlyusefulforstudyinggeneticchangesinresponsetoshiftingmarineenvironments.Bystudyingcopepods,researcherscangetanideaofhowtheoceanfoodchainmightreacttochangesintheEarth'sclimate.Trackingacopepod'sevolvinggenomeinthewild,however,canbetime-consumingandlaborious.Tocircumventthischallenge,Pespeniandherteamusedanevolve-and-resequenceapproachinthelab.Theyexposedacopepodpopulationtothreestressors—waterwarming,acidificationviahighCO₂levels,andcombinationsofthetwooceanwarmingandacidification(OWA)conditionsinthelaboratory,andtrackedtheiradaptationstotheseconditionsover25generations.Previously,theytrackedreproductivefitnesstraitssuchasegg-hatchingsuccessundertheseconditions.TheyfoundthatthefitnessofthepopulationexposedtoOWAconditionsinitiallydecreased,butthenadaptedtothestressorsoverseveralgenerations.Inthecurrentstudy,theresearcherssequencedthegenomesofanimalsineachexperimentalgroupatgeneration0and25toquantifyhowallele(等位基因)frequencieschangedinresponsetoexperimentalselectivepressures.Theresearchersfoundadaptiveallelesrelatedtodevelopmentwereuniquetothemultiplestressorexperiment,providingapossibleexplanationfortheobservedselectionofhatchingsuccess.“WeshowedthatthewarmingalonewasamuchstrongerselectivepressurethanCO₂.Butwhenyoucombinethem,yougetauniquesynergy.So,it'snotjustoneplusoneequalstwo;it'soneplusoneequalssomethingtotallydifferent,”saidPespeni.Whereaspreviousstudiesobservedtheeffectsofsinglestressorsonevolvingorganisms,Pespeni'sstudydemonstratedthatmultiplestressorsresultinauniqueresponsetoselectioninanon-additivemanner.Thisisimportantbecausehuman-inducedenvironmentalchangesaremultifaceted(多方面的),andadditionalstressorsarestillneededtofurthermimicnaturalenvironmentalchanges,andthisstudyrevealsthecomplexityofthegenomicadaptiveresponse.AccordingtoMorganKelly,aprofessorwhowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,theinsightspresentedbytheresearchersinthisstudycallintoquestiontheprevioussinglestressorstudiesandwillinfluencefutureexperimentaldesign.“There'sthisbigquestionoftherolethatevolutionarychangewillplayinresponsetoclimatechange,andthewaytheresearchersintegrategenomicinformationisthebestofitskindintheworldofmarineexperimentalevolution,”saidKelly.AccordingtoPespeni,thereisreasontomaintainhopeinthefaceofclimatechangebecauseherworkrevealedthatthecopepodseventuallyfullyregainedtheirabilitytoreproducefollowingthecombinedenvironmentalchanges.41.WhatcanwelearnaboutPespeni'spreviousandcurrentstudies?A.Thepreviousstudytriednewwaystoquantifytheresponseofcopepods.B.Thecurrentstudymayexplainthesuccessofhatchinginthepreviousone.C.Thepreviousstudyrevealsthecomplexityofthegenomicadaptiveresponse.D.Thecurrentstudysequencedcopepods'genesof25generationsineachgroup.42Toimprovetheirfutureresearch,researchersshouldA.studyhowotherspeciesadapttoglobalwarmingB.includeadditionalstressorsintheirexperimentsC.trackacopepod'sevolvinggenomeinthewildD.comparePespeni'sstudywithpreviousones43.Whatmakesthecurrentstudyparticularlysignificant?A.Itintegratesgenomicinformationintheresearch.B.Itshowsmostspeciescaneasilyadapttoclimatechanges.C.Itconfirmstheeffectivenessofprevioussinglestressorstudies.D.Itdemonstratesmultiplestressorsproduceanadditiveresponse.44.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ScientistsEditGenomestoHelpCopepodsSurviveB.ResearchRemovesPeople'sWorriesaboutClimateChangeC.CombiningClimateStressorsLeadstoUniqueGenomicChangesD.TheEvolve-and-resequenceApproachHelpsFightClimateChangeDTherehasbeenmuchdiscussionoftheconceptofquietquitting—meaning,essentially,doingthebareminimumatwork.Andperhapsthat'snotsurprising:Whenyou'reexhaustedandoverwhelmed,itfeelslikesomethingneedstobegivenup—andformany,thatseemstobethepursuitofexcellenceatwork.Butistakingyourfootoffthegastheanswer?Asawriterfocusedontimemanagement,I'vecometorealizethattheoppositeofburnoutisn'tdoingnothing,orevenscalingback.Ascounterintuitiveasitseems,addingenergizingactivitiestoyourschedulejustmightmakelifefeelmoredouble.That'swhatIfoundwhenIranatime-satisfactionstudywithmorethan140busypeople.Atthebeginningofmyproject,theyspokeoffeelingwornout.“Lifefeelsverychaoticwithsomanydifferentballsintheair,”onepersontoldme.“Myworkto-dolistisnever-ending,”anothersaid.Overthecourseofnineweeks,sometime-managementstrategieswereintroduced.Insteadofsubtractivechanges,participantsincorporatedregularphysicalactivityandmaderoomforsmalladventures.Andwhenitcametoleisureactivities,Iaskedthemtoput“effortfulbeforeeffortless”.Forexample,evensomethingassimpleasreadinganovelisbetterthanbinge-watchingaTVshow.Ialsointroducedthemtotheprincipleoftaking“onenightforyou”—committingtodoingsomethingyouenjoy,apartfromworkandfamily.Aswithquietquitting,thismightsometimesmeanleavingworkalittleearlierthanusual,butthepointisnottodoless;theideaisthatjoiningachoir,asoftballteamoranythingelsewithexpectedattendancepushesyoutofigureoutthelogistics,arrangethechildcareifnecessaryandgo—eveniflifeseemstoobusytothinkaboutsuchathing.Overthecourseofnineweeks,participants’satisfactionwithhowtheyspenttheirtimeoverallrose16percentfromthebeginningoftheprojecttotheend.Whenaskedabouthowtheyspenttheirleisuretime“yesterday”afternineweeks,participantsreportedthattheirsatisfactionrose20percent.Theyevenreportedmakingmoreprogressontheirprofessionalgoals—prettymuchtheoppositeofquietquitting—astheirincreasedenergyandengagementspilledoverintoallareasoflife.Weeachhavethesame168hourseveryweek.Buttimeisalsoallaboutthestorieswetellourselves.Whenlifeisfullofhave-to-dos,withonlybriefperiodsofdowntimeinbetween,wecanfeelbeatendownbyresponsibilities.Thekeyistoincorporateenergizingactivitiesintoourlivessothatourinnernarrativecanbechanged,makinglifefeellesslikeachore.45.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Peoplewhoquitquietlyfeeltheneedtopursueexcellence.B.Scalingbackcanhelpenergizethoseexhaustedfromwork.C.Leisureeventsthatrequireactionaremorerecommended.D.Goinghomeearlierforarestcaneffectivelyrefreshpeople.46.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“subtractive”probablymean?A.Reductive.B.Extensive.C.Enormous.D.Gradual.47.WhatisParagraph4about?A.Introductionofthebackground.B.Interventionintheexperiment.C.Principlesofnewstrategies.D.Suggestionsbasedonthefindings.48.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthepassage?A.Tointroduceafindinginapsychologicalstudy.B.Tocomparedifferenttime-managementstrategies.C.Toanalyzethecausesandeffectsofquietquitting.D.Toargueforanewwaytoliveamorefulfillinglife.第四部分：书面表达(共两节，26分)第一节(共4小题;第49、50题各2分,第51题3分,第52题4分,共11分)阅读下面的短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。We'veallseenthelittlekids—losingtemperinthetoystore,screaminginrestaurantsandgenerallymakingasceneinpublic.Fortheirparents,givingintoakid'smonstrousbehaviorhelpstoendthemessandgainsomepeaceandquiet,andthisiswhereoverindulgencebegins.AccordingtoKathyWebb,apsychotherapistinBrunswick,overindulgenceistheresultofparents'beliefs.Alotofoverindulgingparentsbelievetheirchildrenshouldbehappyallthetime,whichisthereasonwhytheparentstrytoavoidconflictatallcosts.Theyalsoholdthatoverindulgenceequalslove,butexpertsinsistthatbeingoverlypermissiveandindulgentisnotahealthykindoflove.Overindulgencecancreateamyriadofwrongattitudesandbehaviorsinchildren.Whenoverindulged,childrendevelopunrealisticexpectationswhichdonotservethemastheygrow.Healthyparenting,Webbsaid,meansgivingchildrenunconditionallove,qualitytime,healthydisciplineandrespectforwhatisappropriate.“Healthyparents