高考英语《从句》教案

《从句（一）——定语从句》教案一、教学目标1、定语从句的常见考点；2、定语从句的易错考点；3、定语从句的相关术语和分类。二、教学重难点1、教学重点：定语从句的常见考点；2、教学难点：定语从句的易错考点。三、教学过程（一）问题排行榜（Hitthecharts）1、定语从句都有哪些常见考点？2、定语从句都有哪些易错考点？3、定语从句的相关术语和分类是怎么样的？（二）攻克难点（Overcomedifficulties）1、定语从句的相关术语和分类是怎么样的？定语从句的相关术语：定语：在句子中修饰名词、代词，相当于形容词的句子成分。从句：复合句中不能独立成句，但具有主语部分和谓语部分，由that、who等引导词引导的非主句部分。定语从句：如果是一个从句作定语，那么这个从句就是定语从句。例如：ThegirlwhoisstandingthereisMary.ThegirlwhoisstandingthereisMary.先行词关系词先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词。关系词：引导定语从句的词。定语从句的分类：限制性定语从句：为先行词在意义上是不可缺少的定语，若去掉，所修饰主句的内容就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不可用逗号分开。例：Shehasfoundthenecklace（that）shelosttwoweeksago.非限制性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。例：Hetoldmeastoryyesterday,whichIthinkisveryinteresting.ImetJohn,whotoldmethenews.2、定语从句都有哪些常见考点？【考点一】考查关系词的省略whom/which/that作定语从句的宾语时，可以省略。Theperson（whom/that）theyarelookingforisMrWilde.Thetopic（which/that）youweretalkingaboutisrelatedtogeography.【考点二】考查非限制性定语从句1.引导非限制性定语从句时，只能用which（不用that）。除which外，还可用when，where，who（m）等关系代词、副词引导非限制性定语从句。Lisaisanamateuractress,whoactedanimportantpartinafilm.Thisisakeyseniorhighschool,whereIspentthreeyears.FinallyIdecidedtostayinChongqing，whereIfinishedmycollegestudy．2.引导词which可以指前面整个句子的含义。Lilystayeduplateintothenight,whichmadehermotheranxious.3.在限制性定语从句中作宾语时，引导词可以省略，但引导非限制性定语从句的连词不能省。Hewaseagertogotothehospitaltoseehisstepmother，whomhelovedashisownmother．4.置于句首时，非限制性定语从句只能用as引导，而置于句末时as和which都可以。但是当非限制性定语从句是否定意义时，只能用which引导。Theelephantislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.=Asanybodycansee,theelephantislikeasnake.【即学即练】①Sheheardtheterriblenoise,______broughtherheartintohermouth．A.itB.whichC.thisD.that②Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay，________，ofcourse，madetheothersunhappy．A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what③_______isknowntoall，Chinawillbean_______andpowerfulcountryin20or30years’time.That；advancingB.This；advancedC.As；advancedD.It；advancing④Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood，______wasmorethanwecouldexpect．whatB.whichC.thatD.if【考点三】关系代词that或which指物时，宜用that而不用which的情况1.先行词为all,much,little,none,few,one,something,anything等不定代词时。Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyou,Mum?(that作宾语时可省略)Ishalldoall(that)Icantohelpyou.(thatIcan是定语从句,修饰all；tohelpyou是动词不定式作目的状语)2.先行词被形容词最高级、序数词等修饰或被only,any,few,much,little,no,all,oneof等修饰时。Muchmoneythathadbeendonatedwassenttothedisasterarea.Thisisthemostinterestingbook(that)Ihaveeverread.Youaretheverykindofperson(that)wehavebeenlookingfor.3.先行词是人和物共用时只能用that。Hewaslookingpleasantlyatthechildrenandparcelsthatfilledhisbus.Theoldmanandhisdogthatlivenearherearestrollinginthepark.4.当主句中含有疑问词who或which时。Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme?5.先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时。Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.6.当主句是therebe句型时，修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that指代物。Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.7.在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了which,另一个定语从句的关系代词用that。Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.【考点四】考查关系代词宜用which而不用that的情况1.在非限制性定语从句中。Bambooishollow,whichmakesitlight.2.在关系词前有介词时。ThisistheroominwhichChairmanMaooncelived.3.当先行词本身是that时。Theclockisthatwhichcantellusthetime.4.当关系词离从句较远时。HereistheEnglishgrammarwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.5.在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that,另一个宜用which。LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.【考点五】考查关系代词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词1.当主句是therebe句型时，关系词用who指代人。There’sagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou.2.先行词为anyone,those,someone,everyone,one等词时，关系词用who。ThepersonIwanttolearnfromisonewhostudieshardandworkswell.3.当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。Whoisthatgirlthatisstandingbythewindow?4.一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个宜用who以避免重复。Thestudentthatwaspraisedatyesterday’smeetingisthemonitorwhoisverymodestandworksveryhard.【考点六】考查介词提前1.whom/which作介词的宾语时，介词可提到whom/which之前，此时whom/which不能省略，也不能用that替换。TheladytowhomyouspokelastWednesdayisPaul’swife.IhaveatelescopewithwhichIcanobservethestarsinspace.2.如果被提前的是一个介词短语，应把整个介词短语提前，不能拆开。如果被提前的是一个动词短语，介词不能提前。Iboughtamapaccordingtowhichwecanfindthedestination.Themantheyreferredtojustnowisapromisingperson.=Themanwhom/thattheyreferredtojustnowisapromisingperson.LeiFeng，fromwhomwehaveoncelearnedalot，isnowanexampletothesoldiersofWestPointMilitarySchool（西点军校）ofAmerica.【即学即练】⑤IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5：30pm________，manypeoplehavegonehome．whosetimeB.thatC.onwhichD.bywhichtime【考点七】关系副词与关系代词的转换1.where=in/at+whichTheBermudaTriangle(which/that)manyshipsdisappearedinisamysteriousplace.=TheBermudaTriangleinwhich/wheremanyshipsdisappearedisamysteriousplace.2.when=in/on/at/during+whichThetime(which/that)thefootballmatchbeginsatiseighto’clock.=Thetimeatwhich/whenthefootballmatchbeginsiseighto’clock.3.whose=ofwhich/whom+the+物/人=the+物/人+ofwhich/whomofwhich/whom前还可以加形容词最高级、数词、不定代词等。Tibet,whosesceneryisratherunique,isasummerresort.=Tibet,ofwhichthescenery/thesceneryofwhichisratherunique,isasummerresort.Thetourists,ofwhomtheeldestis70/theeldestofwhomis70,arefromSingapore.Isawthreefilmsthismonth,twoofwhichwereveryinteresting.4.why=forwhichThereason(which/that)he’sabsentfromthemeetingforisnotclear.=Thereasonforwhich/whyhe’sabsentfromthemeetingisnotclear.【即学即练】⑥AfterlivinginParisfor50yearshereturnedtothesmalltown_______hegrewupasachild．A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when⑦Ishallneverforgettheyears_______Ilivedinthecountrysidewiththefarmers，_______hasagreateffectonmylife.that；whichB.when；whichC.which；thatD.when；who【考点八】分裂式定语从句定语从句被一个词、短语等与先行词隔开时，叫分裂式定语从句。为避免头重脚轻，可把修饰主语的定语从句置于谓语之后。Iboughtahousewithagardeninfront,whereIcangrowflowers.(定语从句被介词短语infront与先行词隔开)DoyourememberthesnowynighttenyearsagowhenIgothere?(定语从句被词组tenyearsago与先行词隔开)【考点九】than/but/as作关系代词的用法1.先行词有比较级修饰时用than；先行词有否定词修饰时用but，表示双重否定，此时的but=who/which/that...not...Mymotheralwaysgivesmemoremoneythanisneeded.(than作定语从句主语)Thisyear,thefarmershaveharvestedmoregrainthanwasexpected.(than作定语从句主语)Thereisnotastudentbutwantstogotouniversity.=Thereisnotastudentwho/thatdoesn’twanttogotouniversity.(but作定语从句主语)2.先行词有下列词修饰时只能用as,如：as...as；so...as；such...as；thesame+名词+as。Youcanbuyasmanybooksasyouwantinthisbookstore.(as作want的宾语)SuchcomputersasareusedinourofficearemadeinSouthKorea.(as作定语从句的主语)ThisjewelisthesameoneasIshowedyoutheotherday.(as作showed的直接宾语)ThisjewelisthesameonethatIshowedyoutheotherday.(that作showed的直接宾语）请注意“thesame+名词+as”与“thesame+名词+that”的区别。（三）方法列举（Listmethods）3、定语从句都有哪些易错考点？【易错考点一】定语从句与并列句用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确①MrLihasthreedaughters，noneof_____isanengineer．②MrLihasthreedaughters，butnoneof______isadancer．③MrLihasthreedaughters；______aredoctors．解析：定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于：并列句有像and，but，so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。【易错考点二】定语从句与地点状语从句用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确。①Ricedoesn’tgrowwell______thereisnotenoughwater．②Istillrememberthefarm______myparentsworkedtenyearsago．解析：定语从句与地点状语从句的主要区别在于：定语从句有表示地点的先行词，而地点状语从句则没有；定语从句的关系词根据需要可用“介词＋which”来代替where，而地点状语从句则通常只能由where引导。【易错考点三】定语从句与强调句用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确①ItisonthemorningofMay1st_______ImetLiangWeiattheairport．②Itisthefactory_______MrWangworks．解析：定语从句与强调句的主要区别在于：强调句的结构为“Itis／was＋被强调部分＋that从句”。被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何成分，当被强调部分是人时，还可用who代替that。这一句型中，一定不能因为被强调部分是表时间或地点的词就用when或where代替that。此种情况检测的标准是：先把强调句中的Itis／was...that去掉，再把被强调部分还原，在不增加或减少任何单词的情况下，如句子仍然成立则为强调句，否则为定语从句。【易错考点四】定语从句与结果状语从句用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确①Ihavethesamecomputer_______youhave．②Sheissuchakindandfunnygirl______allofusliketomakefriendswithher．解析：定语从句与结果状语从句的主要区别在于（这里只讨论thesame...as／that和such...as/that两种情况）：在这两种情况下，如果as／that既引导从句，同时又在从句中充当一定的成分，则as／that引导的是定语从句。在thesame．．．as／that结构中，用as指一样的，但不是同一个事物；用that指同一物品。【易错考点五】定语从句与单句用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确①Themothertoldthelazyboytowork，______didn’thelp．②Themothertoldthelazyboytowork．______didn’thelp．解析：含有定语从句的复合句与两个单句的主要区别在于：前者有主句，有从句，必须有关系词；而后者则是两个单独的句子，不需要任何关联词。解题时，注意标点符号的运用。（四）能力拓展（Developskills）1、【2011全国卷I)31】Theprizewillgotothewriter________