专题15 8BU7-牛津译林版初中英语第二学期单元知识点囊括及易错题分析（江苏专用）

专题158BU7-牛津译林版初中英语第二学期单元知识点囊括及易错题分析单元话题InternationalcharitiesReading重点词汇、词组和句型Grammar一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态；被动语态的各个注意点知识点囊括知识点囊括一、重点词组、句型1.世界慈善组织internationalcharitiesORBIS奥比斯Oxfam乐施会UNICEF联合国儿童基金会WWF世界自然基金会AninjuredlargebirdwassavedbyBstaffinWestLakeNatureReserve,China..A.UNICEFB.WWFC.ProjectHopeD.ORBIS2治愈（结果）cure治疗（过程）treat治疗某人某病treatsbwith+病注意：80percentofthehospitalsareexcellent.80percentofthefoodiseatenbyTom3.我们很多病人负担不了到医院看病。Manyofourpatientscan’taffordtogotothospital.负担地起做某事affordtodo.买得起…affordsth4.我很自豪帮助人们重见光明，改善生活。Iamproudtohelppeopleseeagainandimprovetheirlives.以….为自豪 beproudofsth做某事自豪 beproudtodo是…的骄傲 betheprideof5.分发传单handoutleaflets--Howwillyouhelpwiththecharityshownextweek?--Wewill__B____leafletstoaskmorepeopletotakepartin.A.putout B.handoutC.runoutD.cutout---Jim,whereisyourhometown?Youmust___B__now.----Waitaminute,Sir.handonitB.handitinC.handinitD.handiton6.决定做某事makeupone’smindtodo7.词形变化educateadj.教育—educationn.教育equaladj.平等的—equallyadv.平等地interviewn./v.采访—interviewern.采访者blindadj.失明的—blindnessn.失明mostadj.大部分—mostlyadv.主要地，大部分地medicaladj.医学的—medicinen.医学,药treatv.治疗—treatmentn.治疗operatev.手术—operationn.手术proudadj.自豪的—priden.自豪readv.读—readern.读者developv.发展—developmentn.发展includev.包括—includingprep.包括organizev.组织—organizationn.组织Indian.印度—Indianadj.印度的，印度人的n.印度人officen.办公室—officern.官员二、语法Grammar1.一般现在时的被动语态现在时的被动语态构成：（am/is/are+done）如：

Thisshirtiswashedonceaweek.这件T恤一周洗一次。

Iamaskedtostudyhard.我被要求努力学习。

Knivesareusedforcuttingthings.刀被用来割东西的。

Thesesongsareusuallysungbyboys.这些歌曲通常是男生唱的一般现在时的主动语态变被动语态：

1）Brucewritesalettereveryweek.

→AletteriswrittenbyBruceeveryweek.

2）Thisfactoryproducesmachinetools.

→Machinetoolsareproducedinthisfactory.

3）Theyoftenmakefunofher.

→Sheisoftenmadefunof.

4）Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.

→Ourclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday.

5）Doyouwashyourclothesveryoften?

→Areyourclotheswashedveryoften?

6）MostpeopleintheUSAspeakEnglish.

→EnglishisspokenbymostpeopleintheUSA.

7)PeoplespeakEnglishinmanycountries.

→Englishisspokeninmanycountries.

8)Doyouoftencleanyourroom?

→Isyourroomoftencleanedbyyou?用所给动词适当形式填空。Usuallythechildrenhere______aretaken_____(take)goodcareof.Theroom________iscleaned____(clean)everyday.2.一般过去时的被动语态主语(动作承受者)+was/were+过去分词(+by+施动者)构成。与主动语态相比,被动语态中主语是谓语动作的执行者。句型格式：was/were+done例：IwastaughtbyMissZhaolastyear.

Thoseletterswerewrittenbyafamouswriter.那些信是由一位有名作家写的。用所给动词适当形式填空。Thecup__________waswashed___________(wash)yesterday.Thebook________waswritten________(write)byHanhantwoyearsago.主动语态和被动语态的转换1.主动语态变为被动语态=1\*GB3①要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。=2\*GB3②把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格代词变成宾格代词，并由by引导。=3\*GB3③谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。WeaskedhimtosinganEnglishsong.HewasaskedtosinganEnglishsongbyus.主动语态：动作执行者+谓语动词主动形式+动作承受者被动语态：动作承受者+谓语动词被动形式+动作执行者2．带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态=1\*GB3①谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化成主语，也可以将直接宾语转化成主语；=2\*GB3②若将间接宾语转化成主语，则保留直接宾语；=3\*GB3③若将直接宾语转化成主语则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for；Shegavemeabook.(变为被动语态)Iwasgivenabookbyher.（间接宾语me改为了主语）Abookwasgiventomebyher.（直接宾语abook改为了主语）3.动词短语变为被动语态许多由不及物动词和介词、副词构成的动词短语相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，也可以有被动语态动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词或副词。Weshouldspeaktooldmenpolitely.Oldmenshouldbespokentopolitely.4.to的“前世今生”在主动语态中，某些动词之后带有复合宾语，即宾语和宾语补足语，这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当，to被省略，但在被动语态中，这个to还要还原。eg.Ioftenhearhersingthispopularsong.（主动语态）Sheisoftenheardtosingthispopularsong.（被动语态）▲有这种用法的常用动词有：一感二听三使四看，主动语态to省略，被动语态to还原。seesbdosth（主动语态）sbbeseentodo（被动语态）一感二听三使（使役动词）四看feelhear、listentomake、let、have（马兰花）see、watch、notice、observe5.初中阶段不使用被动语态的情况A.系动词无被动Thedishtastesdelicious.Theapplesmellssweet.B.某些说明名词本身性质的动词。如wash,write,sell,readTheplayreadsbetterthanitacts.Thiskindofclothwasheswell.(耐洗)Thepenwritessmoothly写起来流利。Thebookissointerestingthatitsellswell.“sell”此处为不及物动词“销售起来…..”作及物动词为“卖、出售”）C.Need+V-ing“需要被….”Mycarneedsrepairing.我的车需要修理D.Too…to句型Theboxistooheavytolife.E.不及物动词appear,disappear,fail,happen,last,remain,spread,breakout,cometrue,takeplace,belongto,rise等比较rise,fall,happen是不及物动词；raise,seat是及物动词。(错)Thepricehasbeenrisen.(对)Thepricehasrisen.(错)Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.(对)Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.(错)Thepricehasraised.(对)Thepricehasbeenraised.6.系表结构PK被动语态有些“be+过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态，它们有可能是“系表结构（即系动词之后由过去分词来充当表语）。”eg:（1）

（2）三、词组归纳1.internationalcharities 国际慈善机构2.havesomepocketmoneyleft 还剩一些零花钱havefivekilometersleft 还剩下五千米3.It’stimeforlunch.=It’stimetohavelunch. 是吃午餐的时候了。4.haveabiglunch 吃一顿丰盛的午餐5.knowaboutacharitycalledUNICEF 了解名叫“联合国儿童基金会”慈善机构6.helpbuildabetterworldforeveryone 帮助为每个人建立一个更好的世界7.providebasiceducationforchildreninpoorareas为贫困地区的儿童们提供基础教育8.workfortheequalrightsofgirlsandwomen 为女孩和妇女的平等权利而工作9.preventthespreadofsomeseriousdiseasesamongyoungpeople预防年轻人中一些严重疾病的扩散10.tellussomethingaboutblindness 告诉我们关于失明的一些事11.about80percentofthesecases 大约80%的病例12.havemoneyformedicaltreatment 有钱接受医学治疗13.useitsFlyingEyeHospitaltovisitpoorareas 用它的飞行眼科医院来拜访贫困地区14.volunteerdoctors 志愿者医生15.beusedasatrainingcentre 被用作培训中心16.canaffordtodosth 支付得起做某事17.beinvitedonboardtolearnabouteyeoperations 被邀请到飞机上学习关于眼科手术18.teachthemnewskills 教他们新的技能19.duringmylastvisit 在我上一次访问期间20.dooperationsonsb/operateonsb 给某人做手术21.beproudtodosth 以…做某事而自豪beproudof… 以…为荣22.carryon(withsth) 继续开展，继续下去23.Thankyouverymuchforyourtime. 非常感谢你的时间。24.cutaperson’sbodyopen 给某人开刀25.theconditionofbeingunabletosee 不能看见东西的状态26.treatpeoplewitheyeproblems 治疗有眼疾的人27.manymorepeople 更多的人28.besetup被建立，被设立29.bepartoftheUnitedNations联合国的一部分30.afterWorldWarⅡ第二次世界大战以后31.gettoothache牙疼32.lookpale看上去脸色苍白33.haveacheck检查一下34.helppoorpeoplewitheyeproblemsseeagain帮助患有眼疾的穷人重见光明35.makeupone’smindtodosth下定决心做某事36.attendthesecourses出席这些课程37.travelover300daysayear一年中超过300天都在旅游38.getusedtotravellingbyplane习惯于乘飞机旅行39.haveasmuchmoneyasbefore和以前有一样多的钱40.usedtoworkonthefarmallday过去常常整日在农场上工作41.learnabouttheconditionsofthelocalpeople了解当地人们的情况42.enteraschool考入学校四、句型归纳1.Moremoneyisneededforcharity. 慈善事业需要更多的钱。2.I’mtooweaktowalkanyfurther. 我太虚弱了而不能走更远。3.Manyofourpatientscan’tafford/don’thavemoneytogotohospital,sowehavetogotothem.我们的许多病人没钱去看病,所以我们不得不去他们那儿。4.Bytrainingthem,wehopetohelpmorepeople. 通过对他们进行培训，我们希望能帮助更多的人。5.I’mproudtohelppeopleseeagainandimprovetheirlives.帮助人们重见光明并改善他们的生活我很自豪。6.Modernmedicineisdevelopingquicklyandnowmosteyeproblemsanddiseasescanbetreatedandcured.现代医学正迅速发展,现在大多数的眼睛问题和疾病能被治疗并治愈。7.Butmoremoneyisneededtocarryonwithourwork.但是需要更多的钱来继续我们的工作。Howlonghaveyoufeltlikethis?你像这样多长时间了?AlotofthingsaresoldinOxfamshops,includingbooks.很多东西在乐施会的商店里出售，包括书籍。10.Atthattime,manychildren’sliveswerechangedbecauseofthewar.在那时，许多孩子的生活因为战争改变了。11.Youcanhelpbydonatingmoneyorworkingasavolunteer.你能通过捐款或者作为志愿者工作来帮助。易错题分析易错题分析语法部分：一、单项选择（

）1.Shewasseen______atthistimeyesterday.

A.dance

B.dancing

C.danced

D.todance（

）2.Themeeting______at4thisafternoon.

A.began

B.willbegin

C.isbegun

D.willbebegin（

）3.Theman______formorethantenhoursaday.

A.madetowork

B.wasmadeworking

C.wasmadework

D.wasmadetowork（

）4.Theteachermust______carefullyinclass.

A.listen

B.belistened

C.belistenedto

D.belistening（

）5.Alotoftallbuildings________inourcitylastyear.

A.arebuilt

B.wasbuilt

C.werebuilt

D.canbebuilt（

）6.Ourclassroomiscleanandtidy.It________everyday.

A.iscleaned

B.iscleaning

C.cleans

D.cleaned（

）7.Howlongmaythisbook________?

A.bekeeping

B.kept

C.bekept

D.iskept（

）8.Whenyourhomework_______,pleasehanditin.

A.did

B.do

C.done

D.isdone

【答案】1–4BBDC

5–8CACD二、主动被动互变1.PeoplespeakEnglishinmanycountries.

________________________________________2.Thebikeisbeingrepaired.

(Aworker)

________________________________________3.HetaughtmeChineselastterm.

________________________________________4.Thereading–roommustbekeptclean.

________________________________________5.MumwillbuymeaT–shirttomorrow.

________________________________________6.Shewasseenreadingabook.

(I)________________________________________7.Theyletthedoggo.________________________________________8.Thebookshavebeentakenfromthelibrary.

(Thelittleboy)__________________________________【答案】1.

Englishisspokeninmanycountries(bypeople).2.

Aworkerisrepairingthebike3.Chinesewastaughttomebyhimlastterm.4.Thestudentsmustkeepthereading–roomclean.5.IwillbeboughtaT–shirtbyMumtomorrow./AT–shirtwillbeboughtformebyMumtomorrow.6.Isawherreadingabook.7.Theboyislettogobythem.8.Thelittleboyhastakenthebooksawayfromthelibrary.词汇句型部分：一、单词拼写1.IloveYangzhou,____________(尤其是)inspring.2.Someonehasleftawindowopen____________(粗心大意).3.Allthekidsweresurprisedwhentheyheardthatacowhasfour__________.(胃)4.Howlonghaveyou____________(借)thebook?5.Heispatientenoughto___________(解释)thethingtous.6.Theyhavejusthada______________(discuss)aboutwheretospendtheirholidays.7.Whentheguestenteredthehall,MrsSmithstoodupandgreetedhim________(polite).8.Hewassotiredoutthathefoundhimself________（able）tomoveoutofthehotel.9.Livingtogetherwithmyfriendswasagreat__________.(pleasant)10.Somehusbandscarelessabouttheir______(wife)feelingsandseldomhelpthemdohousework.【答案】1-5especiallycarelesslystomachskeptexplain6-10discussionpolitelyunablepleasurewives’二、翻译句子这些生来就有严重眼疾的女孩们看不起病所以指望政府捐钱给她们。Thegirls_____________________________________,so__________________________________________.【答案】bornwithseriouseyeproblemscan’taffordtogotohospital;theyhopethegovernmentdonatesmoneytothem.老师几天前建议我为UNICEF募集资金。I_______________________________________________________.【答案】wasadvisedtoraisemoneyfortheUNICEFbymyteachertheotherday.3.他继续为病人动手术遇到了多大的困难啊！What___________________________________________________!【答案】abigproblemhehascarryingonoperatingonthepatient4.我们应该传播知识来阻止人们倾倒垃圾到河流中。Knowledge__________________________________________.【答案】shouldbespreadbyustopreventpeoplepouringrubbishintorivers.5.志愿者们还未下定决心为如此多的非洲人提供免费的医学治疗。Knowledge__________________________________________.【答案】Thevolunteershaven’tmadetheirmindtoofferfreetreatmentforsomanyAfricans这个男孩因为牙疼放弃了观看精彩的慈善演出。_____________________________________________________.【答案】Theboygaveupwatchingtheamazingcharityshowbecauseoftoothache三、词汇拼写1.TheInternetmakesthe（传播）ofinformationbecomequickerandquicker.2.Therearemanybeautifulflowersinourschool,（尤其）inAprilandMay.3.Modernmedicineisdevelopingsoquicklythatmosteyeproblemsanddiseasescanbe___.(makeanillnessgoaway).4.DrWanghas（cutaperson’sbodyopentotakeoutorrepair）onthreepeoplewitharmproblemssince6a.m.5.Theweathersuddenlybecameverycold,sothereweremany（peoplewhoareill,especiallyinhospital）inthath