阅读理解体裁与命题类型分解-2025年上海春季高考英语冲刺总复习（解析版）

第08讲:阅读理解体裁与命题类型分解

>知识梳理

一___

【考情链接】

高考阅读理解选材来源广泛，多源于国外英文图书、报刊、网络媒体，语言地道纯正，具有鲜明的语

言文化特点。体裁包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文等，涉及科普、社会、文化、地理、历史、政治、

经济、人文、日常生活等领域。命题主要考查细节理解、主旨大意、词义猜测及推理判断。

细节理解题一般根据短文提供的信息和事实进行提问，命题人往往通过对文章细节加以改写来考查考

生准确理解细节的能力。细节理解题在高考阅读理解中占有相当大的比例，一般包括：直接信息题、间接

信息题。

命题方式：

1)WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtotheinformationinthepassage?

2)Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?

3)Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc.)...

词义猜测题也是阅读理解中经常检测的一种能力。此类题型要求学生根据阅读材料提供的信息，结合

学习中积累的常识和经验对生词的含义、熟词生义和短语、句子的含义加以猜测,以及对代词的指代对象准

确定位。

命题方式：

1)Theword"ABC”inthepassageprobablymeans.

2)Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraph?

3)Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans.

4)Theword"it(them)"inthefirstparagraphrefersto.

推理判断题是高考阅读理解试题中的重要题型之一，包括判断和推理两个方面，属于主观题，是阅读

理解中层次较高的题目，需要在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，做

出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义。推理判断题主要有以下几种形式：细节推断

题、文章的来源或读者对象推断题、写作意图推断题、观点态度题等。

命题方式：

1)Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

2)Theauthorimplied(suggested)that....

3)Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat.

4)Thewriterindicates/implies/suggeststhat.

主旨大意题考查考生对文章内容的深层次理解，它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下，对整篇文章的

主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象，既考查细节理解能力，又考查深层次的推理、概括能力，难度较大。

命题方式：

1)Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

2)Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

3)What*sthefirst/second/third....paragraphmainlyabout?

4)What*sthemainideadiscussedinthefirst/second/third/..paragraph?

【要点梳理】

一、细节理解题：

1.直接信息题

2.间接信息题

3.概括、归纳信息题

【典例】

Ifoundthepre-holidaysagoodtimetoencourageyoungchildrentodonateless-usedthings,anditworked.

Becauseofourefforts,ourdaughterGeorgiadiddecidetodonatealargebagoftoystoalittlegirlwhosemother

wasunabletopayforherholidayduetoillness.Shechosetosellafewlargerobjectsthatwerelessoftenused

whenwepromisedtoputthemoneyintoherschoolfund(基金)(ourkindergartendaughterisseriousabout

becomingadoctor).

33.WhatmadeGeorgiaagreetosellsomeofherobjects?

A.Savingupforherholiday.

B.Raisingmoneyforapoorgirl.

C.Addingthemoneytoherfund.

D.Givingthemoneytoasickmother.

［解题示范］

第一步：定信息区间

抓关键题干中的关键词：Georgia,sell,objects

定位：用Georgia,sell,objects寻读，在文中找到信息源---Shechosetosellafew

锁信息largerobjectsthatwerelessoftenusedwhenwepromisedtoputthemoneyintoher

schoolfund（基金）（ourkindergartendaughterisseriousaboutbecomingadoctor）.

第二步：比对定答案

选项选项意思定位

A为她的假期储蓄。曲解文意

B为一个贫困女孩募捐。曲解文意

C把钱放入她的基金。同义替换

D把钱送给一个生病的妈妈。无中生有

［分析］选c比对选项和信息句可知，女儿愿意卖几件玩具，是因为我们承诺把钱放入她的求学基

金；选项和原文中均出现fund一词，故为直接细节理解题。故选C。

二、词义猜测题：

1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测

2.根据同位关系进行猜测

3.根据构词法（前缀、后缀、派生等）进行猜测

4.根据因果关系进行猜测

5.根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测

6.根据同义或近义关系进行猜测

7.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测

【典例】

IamPeterHodes,avolunteerstemcellcourier.SinceMarch2012,I'vedone89trips-ofthose,51have

beenabroad.Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells（干名田胞）inmylittleboxbecausePvegottwoicepacksandthat's

howlongtheylast.Inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor（捐献者）tothetimetheycanbe

implantedinthepatient,we*vegot72hoursatmost.SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.

29.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier“inParagraph1?

A.providerB.deliveryman

C.collectorD.medicaldoctor

［分析］"avolunteerstemcellcourier"是"PeterHodes”的同位语;根据文中“Ihave42hourstocarrystem

cells（干细胞）inmylittlebox”可知，PeterHodes的任务就是将捐献者捐献的干细胞运送给需要的病人，即作

者是干细胞递送员。故选择B项。

【典例】

[2]Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU.S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthe

musichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.

[3]IfsJasonMoran*sjobtohelpchangethat.AstheKennedyCenter'sartisticadviserforjazz,Moranhopesto

widentheaudienceforjazz,makethemusicmoreaccessible,andpreserveitshistoryandculture.

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inparagraph3referto?

A.Jazzbecomingmoreaccessible.

B.Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.

C.Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.

D.Thejazzaudiencebecominglarger.

[分析]根据语境可知，画线词that指代第二段“Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU.S.thejazz

audiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.”的内容,

即爵士乐听众的数量减少并且趋于老龄化，不受年轻人喜欢的现状。故选C。

判断推理题:

推断则是指通过对文章进行符合逻辑的综合分析，推出文章未直接陈述的言外之意。推断正确与否，

很大程度上取决于是否能正确把握作者潜隐在字里行间的语气及观点。推理判断题主要有以下几种形式：

细节推断题、文章的来源或读者对象推断题、写作意图推断题、观点态度题等。

【典例】

Itishardtoimaginethatmanypeoplearestupidenoughtowantchildrenbecauseitlookssofantastic-most

adultsunderstandthatababyisnotahaircut.Butitisinterestingtowonderiftheimagesweseeeveryweekof

stress-free,happiness-enhancingparenthoodaren'tinsomesmall,subconsciouswaycontributingtoourown

dissatisfactionswiththeactualexperience,inthesamewaythatasmallpartofushopedgettingapartoftheway

celebritieslivemightmakeuslookjustalittlebitlikethem.

66.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.Havingchildrencontributeslittletotheglamourofcelebritymoms.

B.Celebritymomshaveinfluencedourattitudetowardschildraising.

C.Havingchildrenintensifiesourdissatisfactionwithlife.

D.Wesometimesneglectthehappinessfromchildraising.

【答案】66.B

【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Butitisinterestingtowonderiftheimagesweseeeveryweekof

stress-free,happiness-enhancingparenthoodaren'tinsomesmall,subconsciouswaycontributingtoourown

dissatisfactionswiththeactualexperience,inthesamewaythatasmallpartofushopedgettingapartoftheway

celebritieslivemightmakeuslookjustalittlebitlikethem.（但有趣的是,我们想知道,我们每周看到的无压力、

提高幸福感的父母形象，是否在某种微小的、潜意识的方式导致了我们对实际体验的不满，就像我们中有

一小部分人希望了解名人的生活方式，可能会让我们看起来有点像他们）”可知，从最后•段可以推断出明星

妈妈影响了我们对抚养孩子的态度。故选B。

四、主旨大意题:

1.主题类：文章大意题和段落大意题（概括文章或段落的主旨大意）

2.标题类：标题判断题（选择最佳标题）。

【典例】

TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,bringingthecompanycloser

toitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.Thevehicle——namedtheTransition——hastwoseats,four

wheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat1,400feetforeight

minuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair.Itfliesusinga23-gallontank

ofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.

28.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.ThebasicdataoftheTransition.

B•Theadvantagesofflyingcars.

C.Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.

D.ThedesignersoftheTransition.

［解题示范］

第一步：读文章，概括段意

该段没有主题句，但是从以下几个方面说明了飞车theTransition的相关情况:

①制造商：TerrafugiaInc.

②首飞成功：completeditsfirstflight

③上市时间：withinthenextyear

④飞车名字：theTransition

⑤飞车构成：twoseats,fourwheelsandwings

⑥飞行时速：around70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair

⑦耗油：5gallonsperhourintheair;Ontheground,35milespergallon

由以上信息可以看出该段主要描述了飞车theTransition的一些基本数据。

第二步：析选项，斟酌判断

飞车theTransition的基本数据。

A涵盖性强，覆盖全段

A项是对本段内容的精炼概括和总结。

飞车的一些优点。

该选项错误在于以下两点：

B①该段介绍了名字为theTransition的飞车；而不是全部无中生有，生搬硬套

飞车(flyingcars)0

②该段列举的是基本数据而不是优点。

飞车的潜在市场。

C无中生有，生搬硬套

原文没有提及。

飞车theTransition的设计商。

D以偏概全，主次不分

该选项仅仅是文章中的一个方面。

［答案］A

【典例】

Toooften,wemeasureourworthnotbytheresultsweachieve,butbyhowmuchofourtimewespend.Welive

crazylives,atleastinpart,becauseitmakesusfeelgoodaboutourselves.

66.Whatdoesthepassagemainlyconcernedwith?

A.Themeasurementofwealthinthecurrentsociety.

B.Theevolutionofpeople'sattitudetowardsbusyness.

C.Thehiddenreasonsandeffectsofpeople'sbusyness.

D.Thesolutiontoprioritizingthecrucialtasksinbusyness.

【答案】66.C

【解析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段Toooften,wemeasureourworthnotbytheresultsweachieve,butbyhow

muchofourtimewespend.Welivecrazylives,atleastinpart,becauseitmakesusfeelgoodaboutourselves.“很多

时候，我们衡量自己的价值不是看我们取得了什么成果，而是看我们花了多少时间。我们过着疯狂的生活,

至少在一定程度上是因为它让我们自我感觉良好。”可知，本文讲述的是人们忙碌背后的原因和影响。故

选C。

【典例】

China'spolicyofplantingtreesisHkelyplayingasignificantroleintemperingitsclimateimpacts.An

internationalteamhasidentifiedtwoareasinthecountrywherethescaleofcarbondioxideabsorptionbynewforests

hasbeenunderestimated.Takentogether,theseareasaccountforalittleover35%ofChina'sentirelandcarbon

“sink”,thegroupsays.

66.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.GreenhouseGasEmissionLargelyReduced

B.RolesofCarbonSinksProvedbyNewStudy

C.China'sForestCarbonAbsorptionUnderestimated

D.ClimateImpactsBalancedDuetoChina'sAfforestation

【答案】66.C

【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“China'spolicyofplantingtreesislikelyplayingasignificant

roleintemperingitsclimateimpacts.Aninternationalteamhasidentifiedtwoareasinthecountrywherethescale

ofcarbondioxideabsorptionbynewforestshasbeenunderestimated.Takentogether,theseareasaccountfora

littleover35%ofChina飞entirelandcarbon"sink”,thegroupsays.（中国的植树政策可能在缓和气候影响方面

发挥了重要作用。一个国际小组已经在该国确定了两个地区，这些地区的新森林吸收二氧化碳的规模被低

估了。该组织称，这些地区加起来占中国整个土地碳“汇”的35%多一点。户可知，本文主要讲的是中国森林

碳汇的规模被低估以及关于中国森林碳汇的新的研究，因此最好的题目是C选项“China'sForestCarbon

AbsorptionUnderestimated（中国森林碳吸收被低估广，故选C。

0课堂精练

———

（上师大附中2024学年第一学期期中考试）

Ifsnormalforyoungchildrentocheatwhenthey'replayingboardgames.Astheygrowolder,theyrealizethat

thefunisactuallyintakingpartinthegame,notnecessarilyinwinningit.Bythetimetheyreachtheirteens,they

haveusuallylearnednottocheat.Sadly,thiswasnotthecaseforaplayerinanationalboardgamechampionshipheld

annuallyintheUS.Theplayerwantedtowinsomuchthatheturnedtocheating.

TheboardgamewasScrabble.Inthegame,playershavetomakewordsfromindividuallettersonsmallsquares

called“tiles,“andthenputthewordsonaboard.Twoofthemostusefultilesinthegamearetheblanks,whichare

tileswithoutanylettersonthem.Ablankisn'tworthanypoints,butaplayercanuseittoreplaceanyletterofthe

alphabet.

Thecheaterinthisparticularcompetitionwasa15-year-oldboyfromOrlando,Florida.Hehadsurprised

organizersintheearlystagesofthecompetitionbybeatingsomeofthebestplayers,despitethefactthathehadnever

playedincompetitionsbefore.Thismadesomeoftheotherplayerssusuidous,includingthemanwhocaughthim,

43-year-oldArthurMoore.Moorehadalreadyplayedtheboythedaybefore,andMoorehadwonthegame,although

theboyhadhadbothoftheblanktiles.InScrabble,beforeanewgamestarts,theplayersputthetilesfromthe

previousgamebackintoasmallbag.Thistime,Moorehadagoodlookatthetilesonthetablebeforeheandhis

opponentputtheminthebagtostartthegame.Hewasnotsurprisedtoseethatthetwoblanksweretogetheronthe

tableinfrontoftheboy.Asthetwoplayerswereputtingthetilesintothebag.Moorewatchedtheboy'slefthand.He

sawtheboypickupthetwoblanks,andputhishandunderthetable.ThiswasthesignalforMooretocalloneofthe

organizersandaccusetheboyofcheating.

Whentheboywastakenawayforquestioning,headmittedtotakingthetwoblanksduringthegameandhiding

themunderthetable.Asaresultofhischeating,thecompetitiondirectordisqualifiedhimandbannedhimfrom

playinginthecompetitionagain.

36.Accordingtothepassage,whydoyoungchildrencheatinboardgames?

A.Theyareeagertowin.B.Theydislikethegames.

C.Theydon'tknowwhatcheatingis.D.Theydon'twanttotakepartinthegames.

37.WhyarethetwoblanktilesmostusefulinScrabble?

A.Theyarethemostobvioustilesinthegame.

B.Playerscandecidehowmanypointstheyareworth.

C.Playersearnmorepointsiftheyleavethetilesunused.

D.Theycanbeusedwhenplayersdon'thavetherightletter.

38.Theword"suspicious”(inparagraph3)mostprobablymeans"

A.supportiveB.disappointedC.mistrustfulD.honoured

39.Howdidtheboycheat?

A.Byputtingthetilesintohisownbag.B.Byhidingtheblanktilesforfutureuse.

C.Bycooperatingwithhisopponentsecretly.D.Bylyingthathehadneverplayedthegame.

【答案】36.A37.D38.C39.B

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在美国每年举办的一项全国棋盘游戏锦标赛中，一个男孩在比赛

中作弊的事件。

[36题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Ifsnormalforyoungchildrentocheatwhenthey'replayingboardgames.Asthey

growolder,theyrealizethatthefunisactuallyintakingpartinthegame,notnecessarilyinwinning孩子在

玩棋盘游戏时作弊是很正常的现象。随着他们年龄的增长，他们会意识到，游戏的乐趣其实在于参与过程，

而不■定在于获胜。广可知，小孩子作弊的原因可能是因为他们渴望获胜。故选A。

【37题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Ablankisn'tworthanypoints,butaplayercanuseittoreplaceanyletterofthe

alphabet.（空白块本身没有分数，但玩家可以用它来代替字母表中的任何字母。）”可知，在《拼字游戏》中，

当玩家没有正确的字母来完成一个单词时，空白块可以用来代替任何字母，因此它们是最有用的。故选D。

【38题详解】

词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在句“Thismadesomeoftheotherplayerssuspicious,（这让其他选手产生了。）“

可推测，这让其他选手产生了某种情绪。再根据下文“includingthemanwhocaughthim,43-year-oldArthur

Moore.（包括发现他作弊的43岁ArthurMoore在内）”可推测，ArthurMoore抓住他作弊，由此可知，其他选

手产生了怀疑。由此可知，划线单词和“怀疑的”意思相似。选项A"supportive（支持的）”；选项B"disappointed（失

望的）”；选项C"mistrustfiil（不信任的广；选项D“honoured（荣幸的广。故选C。

【39题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Hesawtheboypickupthetwoblanks,andputhishandunderthetable.Thiswas

thesignalforMooretocalloneoftheorganizersandaccusetheboyofcheating.（他看见男孩拿起了两个空白块，

并把手放在了桌子下面。这就是摩尔叫来一位组织者，指责男孩作弊。户以及第四段“Whentheboywastaken

awayforquestioning,headmittedtotakingthetwoblanksduringthegameandhidingthemunderthetable.Asa

resultofhischeating,thecompetitiondirectordisqualifiedhimandbannedhimfromplayinginthecompetition

again.（当男孩被带走问话时，他承认在游戏过程中拿走了两个空白块,并将它们藏在了桌子下面。由于作弊，

比赛主管取消了他的参赛资格，并禁止他再次参加这项比赛。）”可知，男孩的作弊方式是把空白块藏起来以

备后用。故选B。

（市西中学2024学年第一学期期中考试）

Knowhowmuchtotip

Newrulesofgratuities

Thepandemichasbeenparticularlyhardonpeoplewhoworkfortips.Somehavenbeenabletodotheirjobsat

all,whileothersdon'tinteractwithcustomersthesameway.Ineithercase,tipsdriedup,causingalotofpeopleto

suffer.Meanwhile,manycustomersfelttheneedtotipmorebecauseofthenewrisksandhardshipsthatessential

serviceworkerssuddenlyfaced.

Justasmanyserviceshavechanged,soshouldtipping.Someoldstandardsnolongerseemfair,andseveral

neweroneswillapplylongafterthepandemicisover.

Somenewrulesoftippingthatarelikelyheretostay:

Thinkoutsidethe(cash)box.Treatbusinessowners

Givemoreifyoucan.

Youcanalso"tip"withadifferently.

Ifscommonfortipstobedivided

thank-younoteorahomemadegiftApracticeofthepast,

betweenalltheworkersatastoreor

whenabusiness(oryourbudget)tippingthebossseparatelyisno

restaurant,notjustthosewhointeract

doesn'tpermitgratuities.Considerlongernecessary.Butifshe

directlywithcustomers.Sogiving

writingareviewonline,makingsuretoservesyou,tipherasyouwould

generouslyensuresafairertipforall.

namenames.anyofherworkers.

Asforspecificsituations,here'swhattheexpertsrecommend:

FOODANDDRINKS

Restaurantworkers

Oldrule:Leaveatiponlywhenyoudinein.

Newrule:Alwaystip,evenfortakeout.

Tip:15to20percentwhenyoudinein,and10to15percentontakeoutordeliveryorders.

Personalshoppers

Oldrule:N/A(Notapplicable).Manyoftheseservices,suchasgrocerypickup,arenewer.

Newrule:Tip,anddoitintheapp,sinceyouareunlikelytointeractdirectlywithyourshopper.

Tip:10to15percent.Ifatipisalreadyincluded,addafewdollarsextra.

HOMEDELIVERIES

Packagedeliverydrivers

Oldrule:Don'ttip.

Newrule:Showappreciationifyougetdeliveriesmorethanonceaweek.

Tip：Drinks,snacks,or$5to$20ifapackageisparticularlyheavyorlarge.Postalworkerscannotacceptcashorgifts

worthmorethan$50peryear.UPStellsdriverstodeclinetipsunlessacustomerinsists.AndFedExprohibits

employeesfromacceptingcashorcashequivalents(suchasgiftcards).

Flowerdeliverydrivers

Oldrule:Thepersonwhoplacestheordertipsthosewhodeliverflowers(andotherspecialtyitems).

Newrule:Youcan'tassumethegiftgiveralreadytipped,soifyou'reluckyenoughtogetsuchadelivery,passthe

goodwillalongintheformofatip.

Tip:$5to$10.

PERSONALSERVICES

Ride-sharedrivers

Oldrule:Tipincash.

Newrule:Askyourdriver.TheLyftandUberappsletyouaddgratuities,butsomedriversprefercash.

Tip:15to20percent.

40.Newrulesoftippingarerecommendedbecause.

A.thepandemichasdrivenmanybusinessestofinancialruin

B.somepeoplehavetoworkfromhomewithoutinteraction

C.customersdismisstheoldstandardsasunfairtothemselves

D.someoldtippingstandardscan'thelpsomeserviceworkersoutnow

41.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A.Tipeveryworkerfairlyincasesomemaykeepthemoneytohimself.

B.Themoreyoutip,thebetterserviceyouwillreceive.

C.Writingareviewonlineishighlyrecommendedtoexpressgratitude.

D.Thereisnoneedtotipthebossbecausehedoesn'tprovideanyservice.

42.didbestintippingaccordingtotherecommendedrules.

NameSituationTip

Ginnaorderaroastgoose($50)atKam'sRoastsfortakeout$0forthewaiter

JoantakeadeliveryofapackagefromFedEx(bottledwater,500ml,24-pack)$10fortheFedExdeliveryman

SusanreceiveabunchofflowersdeliveredbyaFlowerPlusdriver$5(cash)forthegardener

LinntakeaUber($15)fromStVincent'sHospitaltotheCentralLibrary$3(cash)forthedriver

A.GinnaB.JoanC.SusanD.Linn

【答案】40.D41.C42.D

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍小费的新规定及一些行业的小费新规定。

【40题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段“Thepandemichasbeenparticularlyhardonpeoplewhoworkfortips.Somehaven't

beenabletodotheirjobsatall,whileothersdon'tinteractwithcustomersthesameway.Ineithercase,tipsdried

up,causingalotofpeopletosuffer.Meanwhile,manycustomersfelttheneedtotipmorebecauseofthenewrisks

andhardshipsthatessentialserviceworkerssuddenlyfaced.(新冠对依靠小费工作的人来说尤其艰难。有些人根

本无法完成他们的工作，而另一些人则无法以相同的方式与顾客互动。无论哪种情况，小费都会枯竭，导

致很多人受苦。与此同时，因为基本服务人员突然面临新的风险和困难，许多顾客觉得有必要给更多的小

费。广可知，新冠使服务人员工作艰难，一些旧的小费标准现在无法帮助一些服务人员。所以建议使用新的

小费规则，帮助服务人员应对困难，故选D。

[41题详解】

细节理解题。根据Thinkoutsidethe(cash)box.部分"Youcanalso"tip"withathank-younoteorahomemadegift

whenabusiness(oryourbudget)doesn'tpermitgratuities.Considerwritingareviewonline,makingsuretoname

names”当公司或你的预算不允许给小费时，你也可以用感谢信或自制礼物。考虑在线撰写评论，确保署名。广

可知，可以在线撰写评论以表达感激之情。故C项正确。根据Givemoreifyoucan.部分“It，scommonfortips

tobedividedbetweenalltheworkersatastoreorrestaurant,notjustthosewhointeractdirectlywithcustomers.

(通常，小费分配给商店或餐厅的所有员工，而不仅仅是直接与客户互动的员工。厂可知，小费分配给所有

员工，但文章并未说明为什么这样做，故排除A项。根据Treatbusinessownersdifferently.部分“Apracticeof

thepast,tippingthebossseparatelyisnolongernecessary.Butifsheservesyou,tipherasyouwouldanyofher

workers.(过去的做法，不再需要单独给老板小费。但是，如果她为你服务，就像你给她的工人一样给她小

费。厂可知，如果老板为你服务，你需要给老板小费，故D项错误。文章未提及B项内容。故选C。

【42题详解】

细节理解题。根据Restaurantworkers部分"Tip:15to20percentwhenyoudinein,and10to15percenton

takeoutordeliveryorders.（小费：堂食时为15%至20%,外卖或外卖订单为10%至15%。）“可知，订外卖需

要给工作人员小费，A项错误。根据Packagedeliverydrivers部分“AndFedExprohibitsemployeesfrom

acceptingcashorcashequivalents（suchasgiftcards）.（联邦快递禁止员工接受现金或现金等价物，如礼品卡。

可知，无需给联邦快递员工小费，B项错误。根据Flowerdeliverydrivers部分“Youcan'tassumethegiftgiver

alreadytipped,soifyou'reluckyenoughtogetsuchadelivery,passthegoodwillalongintheformofatip.（你不

能假设送礼者已经给小费了，所以如果你有幸收到这样的快递，请以小费的形式传递善意。）”可知，需要给

送花人小费，而不是给园丁小费，C项错误。根据Ride-sharedrivers部分“Tip:15to20percent.（小费：15%

至20%）”可知，需要给司机15%到20%的小费。即$15*15%=$2.25/$15*20%=3$。D项正确，故选D。

课后反馈

模拟基础练

记叙文或新闻报道类

（2024年青浦区二模）

Iwassittinginmyhighschoolclassroom,nervouslytappingmypencilagainstthedeskasIawaitedthestartof

theEnglishexam.

Astheclockstruck,signalingthebeginningoftheexam,myheartbegantorace.Iopenedtheexambookletand

scannedthequestions,andIfeltawaveofpanicoverme.Thequestionsseemedforeign,andthetopicsunfamiliar.In

astateofpanic,Ihurriedlywrotedownmyanswers,hopingthatsomehow,bysomestrokeofluck,theywouldbe

correct.Butastheminuteswentby,IrealizedIcouldn'tseemtomakesenseofthequestionsbeforeme.Asthefinal

bellrang,Ihandedinmypaperwithaheavyheart.

Inthedaysthatfollowed,Icouldn'tshakethefeelingoffailurethathungovermelikeadarkcloud.Ireplayed

theexamoverandoverinmymind,analyzingeveryquestion,everyanswer,searchingforcluesastowhereIhad

gonewrong.

Butinthedepression,arealizationbegantodawnonme-Ihadfailed,yes,butIhadalsolearnedvaluable

lessonsalongtheway.Armedwiththisnewfoundwisdom,IensuredthatIwoulddobetternexttime.Ithrewmyself

intomystudieswithreneweddetermination,devonringbooksandpracticingpastexamswithaneagernessIhad

neverknownbefore.

Whenthetimecametoretaketheexam,Iwasready.Iapproachedeachquestionwithconfidenceandclarity,

drawinguponthelessonsIhadlearnedfrommypreviousmissteps.

Whentheresultswereannounced,IheldmybreathasIscannedthelistofnames.Andthereitwas-myname,

shiningbrightlyamongthelistofsuccessfulcandidates.Atthatmoment,allthehardwork,allthelatenightsand

earlymornings,wereworthit.

AndasIlookbackonthatsunnyafternooninthehighschoolclassroom,Iamgratefulforthelessonsittaught

me,andthepersonithelpedmebecome.

56.Whydidtheauthorpanicwhenhefirsttooktheexam?

A.Hesatwithapoundingheart.

B.Hefoundthequestionstoodifficult.

C.Hewasnotfamiliarwiththeforeignlanguage.

D.Hewasinahurrywhenansweringthequestions.

57.Whatdidtheauthordoafterhefailedintheexam?

A.Heattendedvaluablelessonsinschool.

B.Heretooktheexamoverandoveragain.

C.Hepromisedtoarmhimselfwitheagerness.

D.Hedeterminedtoengagehimselfinlearning.

58.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“devouring''(paragraph4)?

A.beingtargetedatB.beingobligedfor

C.beingabsorbedinD.beingcreditedto

59.Accordingtothepassage,thisexperiencehelpedtheauthorbecome.

A.cheerfulandconsiderateB.objectiveanddemanding

C.toughandperseveringD.proudandtolerant

【答案】56.B57.D58.C59.C

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者从一次考试失败的经历中变得坚韧不拔的故事。

[56题详解】

细节理解题。由文章第二段中"Iopenedtheexambookletandscannedthequestions,andIfeltawaveofpanic

overme.Thequestionsseemedforeign,andthetopicsunfamiliar.（我打开考试手册，浏览了一下问题，我感到

一阵恐慌。这些问题似乎很陌生，话题也很陌生。户可知，他觉得这些问题太难了，所以参加考试时惊慌失

措。故选B。

【57题详解】

细节理解题。由文章第四段中"Ithrewmyselfintomystudieswithreneweddetermination,devouringbooksand

practicingpastexamswithaneagernessIhadneverknownbefore.（我以全新的决心投入到学习中，如饥似渴地

啃书本，以前所未有的热情复习过去的考试。户可知，作者考试不及格后决心专心学习。故选D。

[58题详解】

词句猜测题。由文章第四段中"Ithrewmyselfintomystudieswithreneweddetermination（我以全新的决心投入

到学习中）”可知，作者以全新的决心投入到学习中，全神贯注于书本，以前所未有的热情复习过去的考试。

划线词的含义为“全神贯注于"。A.beingtargetedat针对；B.beingobligedfor因某事而感谢；C.beingabsorbed

in全神贯注于；D.beingcreditedto归功于。故选Co

[59题详解】

推理判断题。由文章第四段"Butinthedepression,arealizationbegantodawnonme一Ihadfailed,yes,butI

hadalsolearnedvaluablelessonsalongtheway.Armedwiththisnewfoundwisdom,IensuredthatIwoulddo

betternexttime.Ithrewmyselfintomystudieswithreneweddetermination,devouringbo