4.8.2污水的局部处理-LocalTreatmentofSewag05课件讲

4.8.2污水的局部处理LocalTreatmentofSewage一、化粪池Septictank化粪池是一种利用沉淀和厌氧发酵原理，去除生活污水中悬浮性有机物的处理设施，属于初级的过渡性生活污水处理构筑物。Theseptictankisatreatmentfacilitythatusestheprinciplesofsedimentationandanaerobicfermentationtoremovesuspendingorganicmatterfromdomesticsewage.Itisaprimarytransitionaldomesticsewagetreatmentstructure.一、化粪池Septictank1.化粪池的特点Featuresofseptictanks优点：结构简单、便于管理、不消耗动力和造价低；Advantages:

Simplestructuresandlowcost,areconvenientformanaging,anddon'tconsumepower;缺点：有机物去除率低，仅为20%左右；沉淀和厌氧消化在一个池内进行，污水与污泥接触，使化粪池出水呈酸性，有恶臭。另外，化粪池距建筑物较近，清掏污泥时臭气污染空气，影响环境卫生。Disadvantages:

septictankshavealoworganicmatterremovalrate,standingatonlyabout20%;theirprecipitationandanaerobicdigestionareconductedinatank;sewageandsludgecontact,sotheseptictankeffluentisacidicandthereisabadsmell.Inaddition,septictanksareclosetobuildings.Theodorpollutestheairandaffectstheenvironmentwhenthesludgeiscleaned.2要求化粪池距地下取水构筑物不得小于30m，离建筑物净距离不宜小于5m。Theseptictankshallnotbelessthan30metersawayfromtheundergroundwaterintakestructure,andthecleardistancefrombuildingsshallnotbelessthan5meters.一、化粪池Septictank2.设置要求Settingrequirements1便于清掏，宜设于建筑物背大街一侧，靠近卫生间，不宜设在人经常停留的场所。Tofacilitatecleaningthesludge,theseptictankshallbelocatedonthebacksideofbuildings,closetotherestroom,andnotinaplacewherepeopleoftenstay.4化粪池应设通气管，通气管排出口设置位置应满足安全、环保要求。Theseptictankshouldbeequippedwithaventpipe,andtheventoutletlocationshouldmeetthesafetyandenvironmentalprotectionrequirements.3宜设置在接户管的下游端，便于机动车清掏的位置。Itshallbesetatthedownstreamendoftheinter-buildingpipe,whichisconvenientformotorvehiclestocleanthesludge.一、化粪池Septictank类型：圆形和矩形；双格或三格。Types:circularandrectangular;doubleortriplecells.2每日通过的污水量大于10立方米时，采用三格化粪池。第一格占50%，其他两格容积占总容积的25%。Whenthedailysewagevolumeismorethan10cubicmeters,athree-cellseptictankshallbeused.Thefirstcompartmentaccountsfor50%,andtheothertwocompartmentsaccountfor25%ofthetotalvolumerespectively.1每日通过的污水量小于或等于10立方米时，采用双格化粪池，第一格占75%，第二格占25%。Whenthedailysewagevolumeislessthanorequalto10cubicmeters,atwo-cellseptictankshallbeadopted,withthefirstcellaccountingfor75%andthesecondcellaccountingfor25%.4化粪池格与格、池与连接井之间应设通气孔洞。Ventholesshallbeprovidedbetweenthecompartmentsoftheseptictankandbetweenthetankandtheconnectingwell.一、化粪池Septictank3长、宽和高比例：宽度不小于0.75m，长度不小于1.0m，深度不小于1.3m。圆形化粪池直径不得小于1.00m。Length,width,andheightratios:widthisnotlessthan0.75m;lengthisnotlessthan1.0m;depthisnotlessthan1.3m.Thecircularseptictankshallhaveadiameterofnotlessthan1m.5进水口、出水口应设置连接井与进水管、出水管相接；进水管口应设导流装置。Thewaterinletandoutletshallbeprovidedwithconnectingwellstoconnectthewaterinletpipeandoutletpipe.Thewaterinletshallbeequippedwithaflow-guidingdevice.一、化粪池Septictank3.化粪池的有效容积Effectivevolumeoftheseptictank化粪池有效容积应为污水部分和污泥部分容积之和，并宜按下列公式计算：Theeffectivevolumeofaseptictankshallbethesumofthevolumeofsewageandsludge,anditshallbecalculatedaccordingtothefollowingformula:

式中V——化粪池有效容积，m3。

V—effectivevolumeoftheseptictank,m3.Vw——化粪池污水部分容积，m3。Vw—partialvolumeofthesewageintheseptictank,m3.Vn——化粪池污泥部分容积，

m3。Vn—partialvolumeofthesludgeintheseptictank,m3.一、化粪池Septictank4.化粪池代号SeptictankcodeX—XXXX地面活荷载Floorliveload不过汽车Notratfficrated0可过汽车Tratfficrated1地下水Groundwater无地下水Withoutgroundwater0有地下水Withgroundwater1隔墙过水孔高度Height

partitionwallwater

hole低孔位Lowhole

positionA高孔位Highhole

positionB有效容积Effectivevolume2m324m346m369m3912m31216m31620m32025m32530m33040m34050m35075m375100m3100池号Poolnumber标准代号Standardcode1号No.112号No.223号No.334号No.445号No.556号No.6678910111213标准代号Standardcode标准代号Standardcode标准代号Standardcode标准代号Standardcode6号No.67号No.78号No.89号No.910号No.1012号No.1213号No.132汽车洗车台、汽车库及其他类似场所排放的污水中含有汽油、煤油、柴油等矿物油，在排放前必须经过处理，防止轻质油的挥发性气体聚集在检查井管道空间产生爆炸危害人身安全，所以也应设隔油池进行处理。Thesewagedischargedfromthecarwashbay,garage,andothersimilarplacescontainsmineraloilsuchasgasoline,keroseneanddieseloil,soitmustbetreatedbeforedischargetopreventthevolatilegasinthelightoilfromaccumulatinginthepipespaceoftheinspectionwell,causinganexplosion,andendangeringpersonalsafety.Therefore,anoilseparationtankshallalsobesetupfortreatment.二、隔油池Greasetank1.设置要求Settingrequirements1职工食堂和营业餐厅的含油脂污水，应经除油装置后方许排入室外污水管道，以免含食用油脂较多的污水油脂凝固堵塞管道。Grease-containingsewagefromstaffcanteensandbusinessrestaurantsshallbedischargedintooutdoorsewagepipesafterpassingthroughtheoilremovaldevicetopreventthesewagethatcontainstoomuchediblegreasefromsolidifyingandblockingthepipes.二、隔油池Greasetank隔油设施应优先选用成品隔油装置，并应符合下列规定：Greasefacilitiesshouldfirstselectfinishedgreasedevicesandmeetthefollowingregulations:按照排水设计秒流量选用隔油装置的处理水量。

Selectthevolumeofwatertobetreatedbythegreasedevicesaccordingtothedesignedvolumepersecond.含油废水水温及环境温度不得小于5℃。

Thetemperatureoftheoilywastewaterandtheambienttemperatureshallnotbelessthan5℃.当仅设一套隔油器时应设置超越管，超越管管径应与进水管管径相同。

Whenonlyonesetofgreasetrapsissetup,theoverflowpipeshouldthesetupanditsdiametershouldbethesameasthediameteroftheinletpipe.隔油器的通气管应单独接至室外。

Theventpipeofthegreasetrapshouldbearrangedseparatelytooutdoors.隔油器设置在设备间时，设备间应有通风排气装置，且换气次数不宜小于8次/h。

Whenthegreasepissetupintheequipmentroom,theequipmentroomshouldbeventilatedandexhausted,andthenumberofairexchangesshouldnotbelessthan8times/h.隔油设备间应设冲洗水嘴和地面排水设施。

Greasetrapequipmentroomsshouldbeequippedwithflushnozzlesandfloordrains.2.设计