上海市松江区2023-2024学年高三上学期期末质量监控英语试题 含解析

松江区2023学年度第一学期期末质量监控试卷高三英语(满分140分，完卷时间120分钟)考生注意：1.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。2.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写学校、班级、姓名和考号。3.答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Happy. B.Angry.C.Relaxed. D.Confused.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Can’tyouknockonthedoorwhenyouentermyoffice?M:I’msorry!It’sjustthatI’minsuchahurry.Q:Howdidthewomanfeelwhenshewasspeakingtotheman?2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Anactress. B.Adirector.C.Awriter. D.Atranslator.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Ihaveseenallyourfilms.You’vejustdirectedanewone,haven’tyou?W:Yes.It’saboutawriterandwillbetranslatedintoseverallanguages.Q:Whatisprobablythewoman?3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Professorandstudent. B.Doctorandpatient.C.Employerandapplicant. D.Shopownerandcustomer.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Well,Mr.Brown,we’reverypleasedwithyourqualifications.We’dliketoofferyoutheposition.M:That’sgreat!I’mreallylookingforwardtostartingmynewjob.Q:Whatisthemostprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Tonyshouldcontinuetotaketheclass.B.SheapprovesofTony’sdecision.C.Tonycanchooseanothersciencecourse.D.ShecanmeetTonyearlyinthemorning.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:I’mgoingtodropmyInformationScienceclass.Itmeetstooearlyinthemorning.W:Isthatagoodreasontodroptheclass,Tony?Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Anannoyingdog. B.Mrs.White.C.Theflowergarden. D.Theirneighborhood.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:We’vegottodosomethingabouttheneighbor’sdog!M:Why?Hasitbeenintoyourflowergardenagain?YoushouldtalktoMrs.Whiteaboutit.Q:Whatarethetwospeakersmainlytalkingabout?6.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Hewasn’tinvitedtothemeeting.B.Hedidn’tfindthemeetinghall.C.Hemissedthemeetingintheend.D.Hewasdelayedbytheheavyfog.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Butfortheheavytraffic,Iwouldhavereachedthemeetinghalltwohoursearlier.W:Oh,whatapity!Themeetinghasbeenovernow.Q:Whatcanweconcludeabouttheman?7.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.15,000yuan. B.16,500yuan.C.50,000yuan. D.55,000yuan.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W:IamabigfanofChinesecalligraphy.Isthatpieceofworkstillpricedat50,000yuan?M:Sorry,madam,itspricehasrisenby10%.Q:Howmuchdoesthatpieceofcalligraphyworkcostnow?8.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Asportsmeeting. B.Ahikingtrip.C.Apressconference. D.Asurpriseparty.【答案】D【解析】【原文】M:EveryonehidesinthenextroomandwhenJohncomes,wejumpout.W:Perhapsweshouldturnonafewlightssohewon’tsuspectanything.Q:Whatarethespeakersmostlikelyplanning?9.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Themanisseeingoffthewoman.B.TheyarecelebratingtheNewYear.C.Thewomanispickinguptheman.D.Theyarecomplainingabouttheairport.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Airportsaresadplaces.M:Sometimes,Iguess.Butwewillkeepintouch.AndI’llflyovertoyouonNewYear’sDay.Q:Whatarethespeakersprobablydoing?10.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A. B.C D.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Howaboutgoingtothecinemawithmetonight,Susan?W:SorryIcan’t.MysisterisgoingbacktoherschoolinBeijingandIhavetodrivehertotherailwaystation.Q:WhichpictureshowsSusan’sdestinationtonight?SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwopassagesandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.A.Toreduceourchanceofregularwalking.B.Toshowustheadvantagesofexercising.C.Topersuadeustowalkinourdailylife.D.Tochangeourhabitofwalkingeveryday.12.A.Walkinginruralareasarousesnewideas.B.Walkingofferscancerpatientsconfidence.C.Walkingenlargeselderpeople’sbrainsize.D.Walkinginnaturehelpstobeatdepression.13.A.Itcancurecommonheartdiseases.B.Ithasbeenmadepartofpeople’slife.C.Itistheeasiestwaytoloseweight.D.Itworksbetterontheoldthantheyoung.【答案】11.C12.D13.C【解析】【原文】Leftfoot,rightfoot,leftfoot,rightfoot...youcantravelfastorslow.Themovementofyourfeetgetsyouwhereyouneedtogo.Anditalsooffersyoumuchmore!Walkingisasimpleexercisesuitableforalmosteveryone.First,walkingenhancesyourphysicalhealth.Itmakesyourheartstronger.Studiesshowregularwalkingreducesyourchanceofheartdisease.Walkingquicklyfor30minutesadayalsohelpscontrolhighbloodpressure.Itcanreduceyourchanceofdevelopingsomecancers,too.Wanttoloseweight?Youneedtoburn600morecalorieseachdaythanyoutakeinandwalkingistheeasiestway.Aspeopleage,theirbrainsdon’tworkaswellasbeforebecausecertainpartsofthebrainsgetsmallerinsize.Olderpeoplewhowalksixmilesormoreperweekarelikelytokeeptheirbrainsinbettershape.Walkingimprovesyourmentalhealth,too.Accordingtosomescientificresearch,walkinginanaturallandscapecombininggreenandbluehelpspeoplefeelgroundedinnatureandcreatesafeelingofconnectiontotheworld.That’saneffectivewaytofightagainstdepression.Youcanmakewalkingpartofyourday.Insteadofparkingnearyourhouse,parkadistanceawayandwalk.Insteadoftakingthelift,walk.Makewalkingahabit,andseehowitmakesyoufeel.(Nowlistenagainplease.)Questions:1.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?2.Howdoeswalkingbenefitpeople’smentalhealth?3.Whatcanwelearnaboutwalkingfromthepassage?听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.A.Howhistorycanbedefineddifferently.B.Whypeopleshouldstudyhistory.C.Howpeoplecanbetterunderstandthepast.D.Whyhistorymayaffectcareerchoice.15.A.Tounderstandunfamiliarthings.B.Toconvincedifferentpeople.C.Todevelopskillstogivedirections.D.Toidentifywithpeoplearound.16.A.Historyisabodyofknowledgeratherthanawaytothink.B.Beingahistorianisnotapopularideaforpresentstudents.C.Studyingthepasthelpspeopleunderstandthemodernworld.D.Thespeakerdoesnotagreewithothers’definitionsofhistory.【答案】14.B15.A16.C【解析】【原文】Foragreatmanypeople,historyisasetoffacts,acollectionofevents,aseriesofthingsthathappenedinthepast.Forme,historyisfirstlyawayofthinkingaboutandseeingtheworld.Tomakesenseofthepast,youshouldlearnhowtoseeitonitsownterms;inotherwords,howtofigureoutthemeaningofstrangeandunfamiliarthings,andhowtoidentifywithpeoplewhooncethoughtsodifferentlyaswedotoday.Ifyoulearnhowtodothesethings,youbegintodevelopskillsthatnotonlyhelpfindtherightdirectioninthepast,butthepresentaswell.Onceyoucanseethethingsthathistoryteachesyou,onceyouknowhowtounderstandtheinnerlogicofunfamiliarthoughtsandbehavior,itbecomeseasiertomakesenseofthemodernworldandthediversepeoplesandideasaroundyou.Itmightseemunusualthatoneofthebestwaystoexplainthepresentistostudythepast,butthatiswhyhistorycanbesoimportant.Whenweappreciatethathistoryisnotonlyabodyofknowledge,butratherawayofthinking,itbecomesaparticularlypowerfultool.Noteveryonemaychoosetobecomeahistorian.Yet,whatevercareeryouchoose,knowinghowtothinkhistoricallywillhelp.(Nowlistenagainplease.)1.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?2.Accordingtothepassage,whatcanhelppeoplemakesenseofthepast?3.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.A.Becausehedidn’ttakecompletenotes.B.Becausehisvisionisn’tgoodenough.C.Becausehehasmissedseveralclasses.D.Becausehisnotebookwaslostoncampus.18.A.Atalibrary. B.Atacopyshop.C.Atalaboratory. D.Atacoffeeshop.19.A.Gettingsomerest. B.Studyingtogether.C.Havingmoreclasses. D.Exchangingnotes.20.A.Themandoesnotwanttospendtimetakingnotes.B.Themanenjoysplayingslideshowsfortheprofessor.C.Thewomanwouldnotliketolendthemanhernotes.D.Thewomanwillhelptokeepthemanawakeinclass.【答案】17.A18.D19.B20.D【解析】【原文】M:Sally,isitpossibletolendmeyournotes?I’llreturnthemtomorrow.W:Well,Iusuallygotothecafeteriaandreviewthem.Say,howaboutcopyingthemoverinthelibrarynexttothecafeteria?M:Great!IthinkI’vegotenoughcoinsforthemachines.W:OK.ButIdon’tunderstandwhyyouneedmynotes,David.Youhaven’tmissedanyclasses,haveyou?M:Ihaven’t.Butweekdaymornings,Iworkpart-timeasawaiteratacoffeeshopdowntown.Afterwork,Icomedirectlytoschool!W:Wow,you’reprobablyexhausted!M:That’sexactlywhyIwanttoborrowyournotes.Iamnotabletotakegoodnotes.W:Whathappenstoyouduringtheclasses?M:I’musuallyawakeatthebeginning.Butaftertwentyminutesintoclass,Ihavetroublekeepingmyeyesopen.W:Hmm…Ineedsomeonetostudywithme,andyouneedsomeonetokeepyouawake,wanttobestudypartnersandworktogether?M:Yeah,I’dsureappreciateit.W:OK,let’sstarttodayatthelibrary.We’regoingthereanyway,andyoudon’thavetogotothecoffeeshop.M:Soundsgood.Oh,here’sProfessorRobinson.Itlookslikehe’sbroughtalongsomemoreofhisslides.WakemeupifIstartnoddingoff.W:OfcourseIwill.Don’tforgetwearestudypartnersnow.(Nowlistenagainplease.)Questions:1.Whydoesthemanaskthewomanforhernotes?2.Wheredoesthemandohispart-timejob?3.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemdoing?4.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.BuyNow,PayLaterSpendingBuynow,paylater(BNPL)spendingisexpectedtorisetorecordlevelsthisholidayseason.Withsomanyyoung“buynow,paylater”shoppersalreadyindebtfromthisshort-termfinancingtoolnotrequiringinterest,questionsemerge:Whydotheseshoppersusesuchatool?Andwhatrisksdoesitposetotheirbudgetsinthemonths____21____(come)?ThemanyGenerationZandmillennials(typicallyaround40yearsandyounger)tendtousethisshort-termfinancing,____22____allowsthemtobuyitemsandpayforthemovertime.Offeredmostlybyfinancialtechnologies,BNPLallowsthesecustomerstopaybacktheirpurchases____23____interestandwiththefirstpaymentusuallymadeatcheckout.Themostcommon“buynow,paylater”planis____24____customersmakefourequalpaymentsandpayoffthedebtinsixweeks.It’sbeenalifelineforsomepeople,suchasauniversitystudent____25____weeklyincomeisnotbigenough.“BNPLprovidesconsumerswithflexiblepaymentoptionssothey____26____managespending,”saidVivekPandya,leadanalystatAdobeDigitalInsights.Thatisofgreatimportanceformanyconsumers,especially____27____withatendencytopurchasehigher-costitems.However,sinceBNPL____28____(appear),warningsfromexpertshavecomeintoourview.Theyhavebeenindicatingthatit’sfinanciallyunhealthytoformsuchaspendinghabit.AccordingtoNewYorkFederalReserveeconomists,BNPLmayencouragedebttoincreaseovertime,____29____(influence)aconsumer’sabilitytomeetnon-BNPLcommitments,oruserstooverextendthemselves.Usersshouldalsonotethat______30______interestisnotchargedontheloan,they’llbehitwithlatefeesformissedpayments,whichcanaddupquickly,saystheConsumerFinancialProtectionBureau.【答案】21.tocome22.which23.with24.that25.whose26.can27.those28.appeared29.influencing30.although##though##while【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了BNPL消费的优缺点，以及作者对BNPL的态度。【21题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：在未来的几个月，这会给他们的预算带来什么风险？分析句子可知，空处表示动作未发生，应用动词不定式修饰前面的名词，作后置定语，inthemonthstocome译为“在未来几个月”。故填tocome。【22题详解】考查定语从句。句意：许多Z世代和千禧一代（通常在40岁及以下）倾向于使用这种短期融资，这使他们能够购买物品并在一段时间内付款。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是thisshort-termfinancing，指物，用关系代词which引导从句，在从句中作主语。故填which。【23题详解】考查介词。句意：BNPL主要由金融技术提供，允许这些客户带息还款，第一笔付款通常在结账时支付。withinterest“付利息地，带息”为固定搭配。故填with。【24题详解】考查表语从句。句意：最常见的“先买后付”计划是，客户分期付款四次，并在六周内还清债务。分析句子可知，此处应用表语从句的连接词，从句句子完整，不缺少成分，应用只起连接作用，无实意的that引导。故填that。【25题详解】考查定语从句。句意：对于一些人来说，这是一条生命线，比如一名每周收入不够大的大学生。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是student，指人，且在从句中作名词income的定语，用关系代词whose引导从句，在从句中作定语。故填whose。【26题详解】考查情态动词。AdobeDigitalInsights首席分析师VivekPandya表示：“BNPL为消费者提供了灵活的支付选择，使他们能够管理支出。”分析句子可知，空处应用情态动词，根据句意可知，此处应用表示“能够，可以”的情态动词can。故填can。【27题详解】考查代词。这对许多消费者来说非常重要，尤其是那些倾向于购买高成本商品的消费者。分析句子可知，空处应用代词，指代前文的consumers，指代名词复数，应用代词those。故填those。【28题详解】考查动词时态。然而，自从BNPL出现以来，专家们的警告已经进入了我们的视野。根据since和havecome以及句意可知，主句是现在完成时，since从句描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，谓语动词应用过去式。故填appeared。【29题详解】考查现在分词。根据纽约联邦储备银行经济学家的说法，BNPL可能会鼓励债务随着时间的推移而增加，影响消费者履行非BNPL承诺的能力，或者用户过度扩张自己。该句的谓语是mayencourage，且无连词，空处应用非谓语动词，influence与逗号前面的句子之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填influencing。【30题详解】考查让步状语从句。消费者金融保护局说，用户还应该注意，虽然贷款不收取利息，但他们将因未付款而受到滞纳金的打击，这些滞纳金可能很快就会累积起来。根据interestisnotchargedontheloan与they’llbehitwithlatefeesformissedpayments存在让步转折关系可知，空处应用让步状语从句的连接词，表示“虽然，尽管”，故填although/though/while。SectionBDirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A．attractiveB．botheredC．buildingD．contrastsE．crossedF．demonstratesG．dramaticallyH．greyedI．instrumentalJ．sustainingK．vividlyAReviewonOppenheimerOppenheimerisChristopherNolan’sfilmaboutJ.RobertOppenheimer,themanknownas“thefatheroftheatomic(原子的)bomb”.Asadramaaboutgenius,prideanderror,it____31____thelifeoftheAmericantheoreticalphysicistwhohelpedresearchanddevelopthetwoatomicbombsthatweredroppedonHiroshimaandNagasaki,twocitiesinJapan,duringWorldWarII.Oppenheimerisagreatachievement,partlybecauseit____32____relatesthatperiodofhistorythankstoNolan’slifelikefilmmaking.Nolangoesdeepandlongonthe____33____ofthebomb,buthedoesn’trestagetheattacksandtherearenodocumentaryimagesofthedeadorcitiesinashes.ThestorytracksOppenheimeracrossdecades,startinginthe1920swithhimasayoungadultandcontinuinguntilhishair____34____.Thefilmtouchesonhispersonalandprofessionalmilestones,thecontroversiesthat____35____him,andtheattacksthatnearlyruinedhim.Besides,thefriendshipsandromances____36____him,yetalsotroubling,arealsodescribed.ThepathofOppenheimer’slife___37___shiftedatBerkeley.Hewasonceonlyanacademicthere,buthisidentitychangedafterGermanyenteredPolandbyforce.Bythattime,OppenheimerhadbecomefriendswithErnestLawrence,aphysicistwhoinventedthehistoricparticleaccelerator(粒子加速器)andplayeda(n)____38____roleintheManhattanProject.AndOppenheimeralsomettheproject’smilitaryheadandwasthenmadedirectorofLosAlamos,wheremuchofhislaterresearchonnuclearweaponstookplace.FrançoisTruffautoncewrotethat“warfilms,eventhosewhosupportpeace,eventhebest,willinglyornot,presentwarsinacertain____39____way.”ThatiswhyNolanrefusestoshowthebombingofHiroshimaandNagasaki,killingmillionsofsouls.Inthefilm,youhearthatOppenheimer’sfamouswords____40____hisownmindasthemushroomcloudrose:“NowIambecomeDeath,thedestroyerofworlds.”Nolanisactuallyremindingaudiencetoreconsidertherolestheycanplayintheworld.【答案】31.F32.K33.C34.H35.B36.J37.G38.I39.A40.E【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章是一则关于《奥本海默》的影评，介绍了电影的大概内容以及人物的背景知识。【31题详解】考查动词。句意：作为一部关于天才、骄傲和错误的戏剧，它展示了美国理论物理学家的一生，他在第二次世界大战期间帮助研究和开发了投在日本广岛和长崎两个城市的两颗原子弹。根据“thelifeoftheAmericantheoreticalphysicist”以及句意“展示”可知应填动词demonstrate，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为it，谓语用三单形式。故选F。【32题详解】考查副词。句意：《奥本海默》是一部伟大的作品，部分原因是由于诺兰栩栩如生的电影制作，它生动地讲述了那段历史。根据“relatesthatperiodofhistory”以及句意“生动”可知应填副词vividly，修饰动词relate。故选K。【33题详解】考查名词。句意：诺兰对原子弹的建造进行了深入而漫长的研究，但他没有重现袭击事件，也没有记录死者或灰烬中的城市。根据“ofthebomb”以及句意“建造”可知应填名词building，作宾语。故选C。【34题详解】考查动词。句意：故事讲述了奥本海默几十年的故事，从20世纪20年代他年轻的时候开始，一直持续到他头发变白。根据“withhimasayoungadultandcontinuinguntilhishair”以及句意“变白”可知应填动词grey，结合上文startinginthe1920s可知为一般过去时。故选H。【35题详解】考查时态。句意：这部电影触及了他个人和职业上的里程碑，困扰他的争议，以及几乎毁了他的攻击。根据“thecontroversiesthat”以及句意“困扰”可知应填动词bother，结合attacksthatnearlyruinedhim可知为一般过去时。故选B。【36题详解】考查动词。句意：除此之外，书中还描述了支持他的友谊和爱情，但也令人不安。根据“him,yetalsotroubling”以及句意“支持”可知应填动词sustain，此处为现在分词作定语。故选J。【37题详解】考查副词。句意：奥本海默的人生轨迹在伯克利发生了戏剧性的变化。根据“Hewasonceonlyanacademicthere,buthisidentitychangedafterGermanyenteredPolandbyforce.(他曾经只是一名学者，但在德国武力入侵波兰后，他的身份发生了变化)”以及句意“戏剧性”可知应填副词dramatically，修饰动词shift。故选G。【38题详解】考查形容词。句意：那时，奥本海默已经和欧内斯特·劳伦斯成了朋友，劳伦斯发明了具有历史意义的粒子加速器，并在曼哈顿计划中发挥了重要作用。根据“roleintheManhattanProject”以及句意“重要”可知应填形容词instrumental，修饰名词role。故选I。【39题详解】考查形容词。句意：弗朗索瓦·特吕弗曾写道：“战争片，即使是那些支持和平的电影，即使是最好的电影，无论是否愿意，都以某种吸引人的方式呈现战争。”根据“warfilms,eventhosewhosupportpeace,eventhebest,willinglyornot,presentwarsinacertain”以及句意“吸引人的”可知应填形容词attractive，修饰名词way。故选A。【40题详解】考查动词。句意：在电影中，当蘑菇云升起时，你会听到奥本海默的名言闪过他的脑海：“现在我变成了死神，世界的毁灭者。”根据“youhearthatOppenheimer’sfamouswords”以及句意“闪过”可知应填cross，结合asthemushroomcloudrose可知为一般过去时。故选E。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Parishaslongbeenattheheartofthehistoryofflight.ItiswheretheMontgolfierbrotherswentupinthefirsthot-airballoonin1783,andwhereCharlesLindberghcompletedthefirstone-persontransatlanticareophanejourneyin1927.Nextyear,ifallgoestoplan,Pariswillwitnessthebirthofanotherindustry____41____,whenVolocopter,aGermanmakerofelectricaircraft,launchesaflying-taxiserviceduringtheOlympicGames.AttheParisAirshowinJune,Volocopterandsomeofitscompetitorsdisplayedanewgenerationof____42____flyingmachinesdesignedforurbantransport.Theelectrificationofaviation(航空)hasoftenbeendismissedasapipedream,withbatteriesassumedtooheavya___43___fortraditionalfuelinanairbornevehicle.Forlongerjourneys,thatmaywellbetrue.YetupstartslikeVolocopterarebettingthatelectrificationcan____44____aboomindemandforcleanandquickairjourneysovershorterdistances.Themainformofaflyingtaxiunder____45____,calledanelectricvertical(垂直的)take-offandlanding(eVTOL)aircraft,isexpectedtocarryuptofourpassengersplusapilot.Poweredbybatteries,itispredictedtobebothquietenoughtoreducecomplaintsincrowdedcities,andfast:capableofupto300kph,enoughtocomfortably____46____acar,especiallytheonestuckintraffic.AndoptimistsbelievetheabsenceoftrafficintheskywillalsomakeeVTOLswell-suitedto____47____operation.Theycouldprovehandyfortransportinggoods,too.Thatvisionhasinspired____48____predictions.Forexample,MorganStanley,aninvestmentbank,estimatesglobalspendingoneVTOLscouldhit$1,000billionby2040!Regardlessoftheabove____49____expectations,challengesremain.Oneproblemistechnicalcertification,whichisturningouttobea(n)____50____processasaviationregulatorsworkonanentirelynewformofaircraft.Latelastyear,duetoregulatorydelaysandsomeotherfactors,Joby,aSiliconValleystartup,wasforcedto____51____itslaunchbyonemoreyearuntil2025.Manyhaveevenlongertogo.Thebiggerquestionis—isthebusinessofflyingtaxis___52___practicable?EVTOLscurrentlyrangeinpricefrom$1millionto$4million.Somebelievethattheircostmaycomedownastheindustrydevelops.BrianYutkoofWisk,amakerbackedbyBoeing,saysthatflying-taxirideswillbeaccessibleto____53____inthenearfuture.AndJobypromisesthatitsfareswillbecomparabletocatchingacommontaxi.____54____,thereisanoppositebeliefthateVTOLsarelikelytoremainexpensive.Somestudiessuggestthecostcouldendupashighas$7perkilometer,manytimesaregulartaxifare.Thatmeans,evenwithoutapilot,flyingtaxismayremainaconvenience____55____onlytoaluckyfew.Let’sexpectplentymoreexperimentswithelectricaircraftintheyearsahead.41.A.cooperator B.competitor C.observer D.pioneer42.A.wind-driven B.battery-driven C.gas-driven D.solar-driven43.A.substitute B.shelter C.treatment D.desire44.A.regulate B.maintain C.unlock D.reverse45.A.pressure B.attack C.development D.repair46.A.underestimate B.update C.outpace D.overdo47.A.rigid B.autonomous C.attentive D.illegal48.A.daring B.discouraging C.unclear D.ordinary49.A.technological B.unrealistic C.rewarding D.enthusiastic50.A.efficient B.simple C.lengthy D.intelligent51.A.putoff B.speedup C.objectto D.approveof52.A.historically B.technically C.theoretically D.economically53.A.thelearned B.thedisabled C.theseniors D.themasses54.A.Furthermore B.However C.Fortunately D.Consequently55.A.affordable B.valuable C.unbelievable D.unsuitable【答案】41.D42.B43.A44.C45.C46.C47.B48.A49.D50.C51.A52.D53.D54.B55.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是明年，如果一切按计划进行，巴黎将见证另一个行业先驱的诞生，届时德国电动飞机制造商Volocopter将在奥运会期间推出飞行出租车服务。【41题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：明年，如果一切按计划进行，巴黎将见证另一个行业先驱的诞生，届时德国电动飞机制造商Volocopter将在奥运会期间推出飞行出租车服务。A.cooperator合作者；B.competitor竞争者；C.observer观察者；D.pioneer先锋。根据下文“launchesaflying-taxiserviceduringtheOlympicGames”可知，Volocopter将在奥运会期间推出飞行出租车服务，这在以前是没有的，所以这是行业先驱，空格处用pioneer。故选D。【42题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在今年6月的巴黎航展上，Volocopter及其一些竞争对手展示了专为城市交通设计的新一代电池驱动飞行器。A.wind-driven风驱动的；B.battery-driven电池驱动的；C.gas-driven燃气驱动的；D.solar-driven太阳能驱动的。根据下文“Theelectrificationofaviation(航空)hasoftenbeendismissedasapipedream,withbatteriesassumedtooheavy”可知，飞行器是电池驱动的。故选B。【43题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：航空电气化常常被认为是白日梦，因为人们认为电池太重，无法替代传统的空中交通工具燃料。A.substitute替代物；B.shelter庇护处；C.treatment治疗；D.desire渴望。根据上文“batteriesassumedtooheavy”和下文“fortraditionalfuelinanairbornevehicle”可知，人们认为电池太重，无法替代传统的空中交通工具燃料。故选A。【44题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，像Volocopter这样的新贵正在打赌，电气化可以在较短的距离内释放对清洁和快速空中旅行的需求。A.regulate调节；B.maintain保持；C.unlock开启；D.reverse预定。根据下文“aboomindemandforcleanandquickairjourneysovershorterdistances”可知，此处表示“像Volocopter这样的新贵正在打赌，电气化可以在较短的距离内释放对清洁和快速空中旅行的需求”，空格处意为“开启”。故选C。【45题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：正在开发的飞行出租车的主要形式被称为电动垂直起降(eVTOL)飞机，预计最多可搭载四名乘客和一名飞行员。A.pressure压力；B.attack袭击；C.development开发；D.repair修理。根据上文“Nextyear,ifallgoestoplan,Pariswillwitnessthebirthofanotherindustry____1____,whenVolocopter,aGermanmakerofelectricaircraft,launchesaflying-taxiserviceduringtheOlympicGames”可知，这种飞行出租车明年才推出，所以现在是正在被开发。故选C。【46题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它由电池供电，预计既能安静到减少拥挤城市中的抱怨，又能快速行驶:时速可达300公里，足以轻松超过汽车，尤其是堵车的汽车。A.underestimate低估；B.update更新；C.outpace赶过；D.overdo把……做得过分。根据上文“capableofupto300kph”可知，时速可达300公里，可以超过汽车。故选C。【47题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：乐观主义者认为，空中交通的减少也将使eVTOLs非常适合自主操作。A.rigid严格死板的；B.autonomous自动的；C.attentive注意的，专心的；D.illegal非法的。根据上文“theabsenceoftrafficinthesky”可知，空中交通的减少就使得eVTOL很适合自主操作。故选B。【48题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一愿景激发了大胆的预测。A.daring大胆的；B.discouraging令人沮丧的；C.unclear不清楚的；D.ordinary普通的。根据下文“Forexample,MorganStanley,aninvestmentbank,estimatesglobalspendingoneVTOLscouldhit$1,000billionby2040”可知，关于eVTOLs的愿景激发了人的大胆预测，所以有人愿意花钱在eVTOL上。故选A。【49题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管有上述热情的期望，挑战依然存在。A.technological技术的；B.unrealistic不现实的；C.rewarding值得的，有意义的；D.enthusiastic热情的。根据上文“AndoptimistsbelievetheabsenceoftrafficintheskywillalsomakeeVTOLswell-suitedto____7____operation.Theycouldprovehandyfortransportinggoods,too.”可知，上文所说的是对eVTOL的热情的期望。故选D。【50题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个问题是技术认证，这是一个漫长的过程，因为航空监管机构正在研究一种全新形式的飞机。A.efficient效率高的；B.simple简单的；C.lengthy冗长的；D.intelligent聪明的。根据上文“technicalcertification”和下文“aviationregulatorsworkonanentirelynewformofaircraft”可知，技术认证是很漫长的过程，因为航空监管机构正在研究一种全新形式的飞机。故选C。【51题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：去年年底，由于监管延误和其他一些因素，硅谷初创公司Joby被迫将推出时间再推迟一年，直到2025年。A.putoff推迟；B.speedup加速；C.objectto反对；D.approveof同意。根据上文“duetoregulatorydelays”可知，监管延误导致硅谷初创公司Joby被迫将推出时间再推迟一年。故选A。【52题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：更大的问题是——飞行出租车在经济上可行吗？A.historically历史上地；B.technically技术上；C.theoretically理论上；D.economically在经济上。根据“EVTOLscurrentlyrangeinpricefrom$1millionto$4million.”可知，EVTOL很贵，所以此处问的问题是它在经济上是否可行。故选D。【53题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：波音支持的制造商Wisk的BrianYutko说，在不久的将来，群众将可以乘坐飞行出租车。A.thelearned学识渊博的人；B.thedisabled残疾人；C.theseniors老年人；D.themasses群众。根据下文“itsfareswillbecomparabletocatchingacommontaxi”可知，它的票价与普通出租车相当，那么将来普通的群众也可以乘坐这种飞行出租车。故选D。【54题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，有一种相反观点认为evtol可能仍然很昂贵。A.Furthermore另外；B.However然而；C.Fortunately幸运的是；D.Consequently结果。根据上文“Jobypromisesthatitsfareswillbecomparabletocatchingacommontaxi”和下文“thereisanoppositebeliefthateVTOLsarelikelytoremainexpensive”可知，前后两句是转折关系，因此空格处是However。故选B。【55题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这意味着，即使没有飞行员，飞行出租车可能仍然是一种只有少数幸运儿才能负担得起的便利。A.affordable负担得起的；B.valuable有价值的；C.unbelievable难以置信的；D.unsuitable不合适的。根据上文“Somestudiessuggestthecostcouldendupashighas$7perkilometer,manytimesaregulartaxifare”可知，飞行出租车票价仍然很贵，所以只有少数人才能负担得起。故选A。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Everysummer,asachild,Ispentwithmyparentstheannualfamilyholiday,flyingawayfromourhomeintheWestMidlandstotheirbirthplaceinIreland.Ienjoyedit,butonce,Ibehaveddifferentlyandlefthome.Packagetoursandlong-distanceflightsbecamemyideaofaholiday.IthenwentandranintoanEnglishmanwhoalsocameofIrishstock,andwebothfelttheurgetorenewourknowledgeofIreland.Itwasimportantforustodiscoversomethingdifferentfromourchildhoodvisits.Sothat’showwecametodrivealongthewi