水污染英文版课件

English

version

of

waterpollution

courseware•

Water

Pollution

Introduction•

Types

of

Water

Pollution•

Water

Quality

Criteria

and

Sta•

Water

Pollution

Control

Strategy目录contents01Water

PollutionIntroductionDefinition

of

Water

PollutionWaterpollutionreferstotheintroductionofhazardoussubstancesintonaturalwaterbodies,resultinginthedegradationofwaterqualityandpotentialharmtohumanhealthandecologicalsystems01Waterpollutioncanoccurinvariousforms,includingphysical,chemical,andbiologicalpollution0203Themainsourcesofwaterpollutionarehumanactivitiessuchasindustrialandagriculturalpollution,urbanrunoff,andsewagedischargeCauses

of

Water

PollutionIndustrial

wasteAgricultural

poolingChemicalreserves,heavymetals,andorganiccompoundsareoftendischargedintowaterbodiesduringindustrialproductionprocessesFertilizers,pests,andanimalwastefromfarmscanpoolwaterresourcesUrban

runoffSewage

dischargeStormwaterrunoffcancarrypollutantsfromroads,rooftops,andotherurbansurfacesintowaterbodiesMunicipalandindustrialwastewaterdirectlydischargedintowaterbodiescancausepollutionEffects

of

Water

Pollution

onHuman

healthEcological

systemsWaterpollutioncancausediseasesandhealthproblemsinhumans,suchasgastrointestinaldiseases,skindiseases,andevencancerWaterpollutioncanharmaquaticorganismsanddegradewaterecosystems,leadingtotheappearanceofsomespecificationsandthereductionofbiodiversityWater

resourcesEconomic

developmentWaterpollutioncanreducethequantityandqualityofwaterresources,makingitdifficulttouseforvariouspurposes,suchasdrinking,washing,andirrigationWaterpollutioncanaffectthesustainabledevelopmentofaregion,causingeconomiclossesintheagricultural,fishing,andtourismsectors02Types

of

Water

PollutionPoint

Source

Pollution010203Pointsourcepollutionreferstothedischargeofpollutantsintoawaterbodyfromasingle,identifiablesource,suchasapipeorstreamTypicalexamplesofpointsourcepollutionincludethePointsourcepollutioncanberegulatedthroughvariablecontrolmeasures,suchaspermitsandemissionstandardsdischargeofindustrialwastewater,agriculturalrunoff,andstormwaterNon

Point

Source

PollutionNonpointsourcepollutionreferstothediffusedischargeofpollutantsintoawaterbodyfromavarietyofsources,suchasfields,roads,andstormwaterrunoffTypicalexamplesofnonpointsourcepollutionincludesoilerosion,nutrients,andpestsNonpointsourcepoolingisdifficulttoregulatebecauseitssourceisnotlimitedtoasingleidentifiablelocationMunicipal

Waste

Water

PollutioMunicipalwastewaterpollutioniscausedbythedischargeofsewage01andstormwaterrunofffromresidential,commercial,andinstitutionalsourcesTypicaltreatmentmethodsformunicipalwastewaterincludeprimary,secondary,andtertiarytreatmentprocesses02Municipalwastewaterpollutionisasignificantcontributortowaterpollutioninurbanareas03Industrial

Waste

Water

PollutiIndustrialwastewaterpollutionreferstothedischargeofchemicalsandotherpollutantsgeneratedduringindustrialproductionprocessesTypicalexamplesofindustrialwastewaterincludecoolingtowerblowdown,processwastewater,andspentsolutionsIndustrialwastewatertreatmentsystemsarerequiredtocomplywithvariousenvironmentalregulationsandstandards03Water

Quality

Criteria

andStaWater

Quality

CriteriaCriteria

for

dissolved

oxygenThedissolvedoxygencontentinwatershouldbesufficienttosupporttheaquaticlifeCriteria

for

pH

levelThepHlevelofwatershouldbeneutral,neitheralkalinenoracidic,tomaintainthebalanceoftheecosystemCriteria

for

turbineTheturbineofwatershouldbelowenoughtoallowthepenetrationofsunlightandmaintaintheecologicalbalanceWater

Quality

Standards01

0203Standard

for

fecalcoliformStandard

forStandard

forheavy

metalsEscherichia

coliTheamountoffecalcoliforminwatershouldbeverylowtoensurethewaterqualitySimilartophysiologicalcoliform,EscherichiacolishouldalsobeabsentorpresentinverysmallamountsinthewaterTheconcentrationofheavymetalssuchaslead,cadmium,mercury,etc.shouldbeverylowtoavoidtoxiceffectsonhumanhealthandtheenvironmentSetting

Up

Water

Quality

StandEstablishing

water

quality

monitoring

systemAwaterqualitymonitoringsystemshouldbeestablishedtoregularlymonitorthewaterqualityandtakenecessarymeasurestomaintainthewaterqualitystandardsSetting

up

treatment

facilitiesEstablishingadvancedtreatmentfacilitiessuchassewagetreatmentplants,garbagetreatmentfacilities,etc.toensurethatthewaterqualitymeetsthestandardsbeforeitisreleasedintotheenvironment04Water

Pollution

ControlStrategyWaste

treatment

and

disposalLandfillAlandfillisasitewherewasteisburiedundergroundItisthemostcommontypeofwastedisposalmethodIncinerationIncinerationistheprocessofburningwaste,whichreducesthevolumeandweightofthewasteComposingComposingistheprocessofdecomposingorganicwasteintoasoillikematerialthatcanbeusedasfertilizerSewage

Treatment

and

Disposal要点一要点二要点三Primary

treatmentSecondarytreatmentTertiary

treatmentPrimarytreatmentinvolvesremovinglargesolidsfromrawsewageusingscreens,grav