英语演讲与辩论课件Lecture-Four

LectureFourImpromptuSpeech◆GeneralIntroduction◆Guidelines

◆Impromptuspeechinspeechcompetition

2023最新整理收集do

something

DefinitionSettopics:broad

RequirementOccasions

Pointsnoticed

▲Impromptuspeech,inothernames,off-handspeech,unpreparedspeechorspontaneousspeech,istendtorevealaspeaker’sabilitytodevelopapointofviewonageneraltopicandtoorganizeaseveral-minutepresentationwithinalimitedpreparationtime.

▲Numerousoccasions:e.g.aclassroomdebateaspeechcompetition;astaffmeetingarewardceremonyEspecially:anexperiencedpresenteroranexpertonaparticularsubject.Say“Yes”

▲Requirement:

Abroadgeneralknowledgeofcurrentsocialandpoliticalissues.Advantage:Enablesspeakerstoquicklyrecognizethecontextofthetopicanddrawonvariousrelevantreferencesatashorttime.

▲PreparebeforeDresswell

▲

Getprepared.

Organizethought.

Taketheplatformwithenthusiasmandconfidence.

Never,neverapologizeormakeexcuses.

Sticktomainpoint.

Appealtoaudience.

Makethebestuseoflanguage.

Endappropriatelyandtimely.

Enjoytheappreciation.

▲PracticeMakesPerfect.MarkTwainoncesaid,“Itusuallytakesmemorethanthreeweekstoprepareagoodimpromptuspeech.”Ifsb.doesnotshowup:◆Checktosee:1)Whatothertopicsaregoingtobecovered.2)Ifyouhavebackgroundintheseareas.◆Prepareasecondpresentation.

▲GotoasecludedareaSitintheaudiencePleaseconsider:1)Openingremarks2)Majorpoints

e.g.thepast,presentandfuture;theeast,west,northandsouth)3)Conclusion.e.g.astrongclosingstoryacalltoaction

▲Before:Adeepbreathorajokewithfriends.Takeamomenttobreathandestablishrapport.

OnStage:Visualizeyourselfasconfidentandexcitedabouttheopportunity.Begreetedwithreliefandpleasure.Trustyourselfandovercomeanypsychologicalhindrance.

▲Whynot:Apologiesorexcusesrobsspeakersofcredibility.How:Beself-confident.Thinkofyourselfthehero/heroine.

▲

Donotrambleorstrayfromthemainsubjectwithoutsayinganythingimportant.Decidethemainpointorview;Supportitwithfactsandarguments;Sticktoit.

▲Makeeveryaudiencetobelievethatthespeechhasbeenmadeforhim/her.

▼“Lookingatthefaces,everyone’sfaceinthehall,Iamoverwhelmedwithloveandpassion.IpromisetoeveryonethatIwilltrymyverybesttobetheverybestsenatorIcouldeverbesoastoreturnyourloveandsupport.”

▲

Agooduseofpronouns

Wordchoices

Sentencestructure

Commonuseddevices

▲Candrawnearthedistancee.g.“MyfellowAmericans”,“Myfellowcitizens”.Avoid:“Ifeel…”,“Youshould…”,“Youmust…”,“Theysay…”,etc.

▲Familiarwords→obscureonesConcretewords→abstractones

▲

Shortsentences→longones

Betterrhythm.

▲◆Simile◆Metaphor◆Parallelism◆Antithesis◆Analogy◆Repetition◆Rhetoricaldevice

▲CompleteandsatisfyingForcefulandthought-provoking

Climax

▼“Speechislikeawoman’sskirt,theshorterthebetter.”

Donotgivealengthyspeech.Audienceisnotpreparedforalongremark.

▲Onceyoufinish:★Givetheaudiencetimetoclapandshowtheirappreciation.★Appreciateyourselftoo.★Don’tbesoeagertogetbacktoyourseat.

▲

BriefIntroduction

Topicsforimpromptuspeeches

Gettingpreparedforacompetition.

Suggestions

▲Becomingincreasinglyimportant.

Formsofspeeches:

Preparedspeech,Unpreparedspeech,Answeringthequestionsraisedbythejudgesandquestionmasters.

▼Subjects:

VarietyBefamiliargroundforallspeakers.Onetopicoronetothreequestionsontherelevanttopics.Timegiven:

2-5minutes

▼Generalcriteria:Theclarityofthought,structure.TheeffectiveuseofplainspokenEnglish.

▼1)Communication2)Pronunciationandstress3)Varietyofvocabularyandgrammaticalstructure4)Lengthofspeech5)Speakingskills

▼Note:

Speakersarequitefreetousethewritingmaterial(i.e.penandpaper)toplantheirresponse.Theprintedmaterialisnotpermittedtobetakenintothepreparationroom.

▲Fivecategories:

EternalTopics

PersonalTopics

HotTopics

PracticalTopics

IncidentalTopicsOthers

▲Thecommontopicsinlifeareeternaltopics.Theyaremostconcernedbypeopleofalltimes,ofallages,onalloccasionsandwithdifferentculturalbackgrounds.Examples:Friendship;Honesty;Health;Wealth;Love;Happiness;Money;Poverty;Success;Failure;Diligence;NoPains,NoGains;etc.

▲Everydaytopicswhichcenteraroundthespeakers’dailylife,hobbies,lifeexperience,expectationsandsoon.Examples:MyBestFriend;MyHometown;MyFavoriteBook;IHaveaDream;

AnUnforgettableExperience;ThePersonIAdmireMost;IfIWereaTeacher;WhateverWillBeWillBe.

▲Hottopicsareonthosehotcurrentissueswithinacertainperiodoftimeinanarea,orontheissuesmostconcernedtoacertainsocialgroupofpeople.Thetopicscoverawiderangeofscopes.Examples:Pollution;TrafficJams;BirthControl;Open-DoorPolicy;Part-timeJobs;China’sEntryintoWTO;Prospectsforthe21stCentury.

▲Topicsrelatedtoone’ssubjectofstudy,one’sfuturejobs,etc.arenotfrequentlyusedinoralexamsorimpromptuspeechcontest,butareimportantinjobinterviews,businesscontactsandvariouscommunications.Examples:TheCompanyofMyChoice;OurNewProduct;AScenicSpot;TheLatestDevelopmentofWorldEconomy;ANewAssemblyLine,etc.

▲Topicsonthecontestitselforonthespeaker’sfeelingonparticipatingthecontestortheexam.Theymightalsobethefollow-upquestionsonthespeaker’spreparedspeech.Examples:IfIWininThisContest;IfILoseinThisContest;WhyIAttendThisCompetition;WhatIhaveLearnedfromThisContest;IfIWeretheJudge,etc.

▲Impromptuspeechisnowbecominganindispensablepartinthespeechcontests.Thefollowingaresomeexamples:HomeisWheretheHeartIsThePowerofOneTheTimeisNowGhostsIWouldLiketoMeetTheInternetandMan

▲

Timepermitting

Withouttimepermitting

▲Choosethetopic①Bequickly.②Leaveamaximumamountoftime.③Lookforthemostfamiliartopic.

▼

Brainstorm(Writeideasdown)①Writequicklybutlegibly.②Writequicklybutcalmly.

▼Organizeandcontemplatethethoughts.

①Gobackovertheideasanddividethemintodifferentgroups.(mainpoints)②Keepgroupstogetherinspeech.(maintaintheflowandstructureofthespeech,maintainyourselfcalm.)

▲

▲Gothroughthespeechinheadratherthanspendthetimewriting.(Followthesamestepsasdiscussedinthepreviouspoint.)

Selectthemostfamiliartopic

Usehumor

Tackleatopicunexpected

Demonstrateabroad-basedknowledge

Keepthespeechasfactuallyaspossible

▲Lookforatopicthatyouobviouslyhavemoreknowledgeaboutingeneralterms.Ifyouhavegreatdifficultywithallofthetopics,trytofindatopicthatcanbedistortedslightlytomakeitatopic.Forexample:IfthereisatopicaboutregulationoftheInternet,youcouldreasonablytalkmoregenerallyaboutcensorship.

▲Usehumorinspeech,butnottoomuch.★