（高考英语作文炼句）第54篇译文老师笔记

PAGEPAGE11.让小罪犯花费他们生命中数月或者是数年的时间与其他通常是惯犯待在一起,肯定会对小罪犯带来负面的影响,而且易受影响的年轻人会很容易被拉入不良帮派.Making

small-timecriminals

(1.小罪犯)spendmonthsoryearsoftheirlifewithother,oftenmore

hardenedcriminals

(2.惯犯)isboundtohaveanegativeinfluenceonthem,and

impressionable

(3.易受影响的)youngpeoplecaneasilygetdrawninto

thewrongcrowd(4.不良帮派).

1-small-timecriminals词典释义：small-time

UK

['smɔ：l.taɪm]

US

['smɑ：l-]

disapproving

adjective

■notverysuccessfulorimportant

不起眼的,不很成功的•a

small-time

crook手段不高明的骗子•a

small-time

theatre二流剧院

criminal

●●●●○1.N-COUNT可数名词罪犯A

criminal

isapersonwhoregularlycommitscrimes.•Agroupofgunmenattackedaprisonandsetfreenine

criminalsinMoroto.一伙持枪歹徒袭击了莫罗托的一所监狱,放走了9名罪犯.

外刊例句：They

were

small-timecriminals

witha

reputationforthuggishbehaviour.()他们是群以野蛮行为闻名的小罪犯.

替换表达：pettycriminals

2-hardenedcriminals

词典释义：hardenedUK

['hɑ：.dənd]

US

['hɑ：r-]

adjective

ahardenedcriminal/detective,

etc.

■someonewhohashadalotofbadexperiencesandasa

resultdoesnotgetupsetorshocked

老练的罪犯／侦探等

be/becomehardenedtosth

■todevelopawayofdealingwithasadsituationsothat

itnolongerupsetsyou

变得对…不在乎•Youseeallsortsofterriblethingswhenyou'reanurse

soyoubecome

hardened

toit.以前当护士时见过各种可怕的事,于是你就对这些习以为常了.

外刊例句：Second,itavoidsmixingminoroffenderswithmore

hardenedcriminals,whowill

teachthembadhabits.

()其次,它避免了把小罪犯和惯犯混在一起,而后者可会教前者不少坏习惯.

替换表达：habitualcriminals/offenders/recidivists

3-impressionable

词典释义：impressionable[ɪm'preʃ.ən.ə.bl]

oftendisapproving

adjective

■describessomeone,usuallyayoungperson,whoisvery

easilyinfluencedbythepeoplearoundthemandbywhattheyaretold,and

whosometimescopiesotherpeople'sbehaviour

(通常指年轻人)易受影响的

•He's

atthat

impressionable

age

when

he'sveryeasilyledbyotherchildren.他正处于那个易受影响的年龄,行为非常容易受其他孩子左右.

外刊例句：Also,asteensareso

impressionable,theconcernisthattheiropinionmightbeoverly

swayedbyothersandoverridetheirdecision-making.()而且,因为年轻人禁容易受人影响,(我们因此)担忧,他们的意见会完全受其他人所掌控,丧失抉择能力.

替换表达：susceptible/suggestible/beeasilyinfluenced

4-thewrongcrowd

词典释义：wrong

ADVANCED

■describes

somethingthatisnotconsideredtobesociallyacceptableorsuitable

不正当的;不可取的•Shegotinwiththe

wrong

crowd(=agroup

ofpeoplewhowerenotconsideredsociallyacceptable)atuniversity.她上大学时结交了一群狐群狗党.

crowd4.

：

agroupofpeoplewithsomething(asahabit,interest,

occupation)incommon

：

anexclusivecompany

：

set,

clique

<thecocktail

crowd

>

<theHollywood

crowd

>

<Idon'tlikehimorhis

crowd

>

<inwiththewrong

crowd

>

外刊例句：Everyone

knowsthathangingoutwith

thewrong

crowd

cangetyouintrouble.()每个人都知道,与不良帮派为伍会惹上麻烦.

替换表达：criminalgangs

Makingsmall-timecriminalsspendmonthsor

yearsoftheirlifewithother,oftenmorehardenedcriminalsisboundto

haveanegativeinfluenceonthem,andimpressionableyoungpeoplecaneasily

getdrawnintothewrongcrowd.

[分析]本句是一个由and连接的并列句.前一分句中,动句词短语Makingsmall-time

criminalsspendmonthsoryearsoftheirlifewithother,oftenmorehardened

criminals作主语,这是一个makesb.dosth.结构,另外,oftenmorehardenedcriminals是other的同位语;isboundtohave作谓语;anegativeinfluence作宾语;onthem作状语.后一分句是一个被动结构,impressionable

youngpeople是主语,caneasilygetdrawn是谓语,intothewrongcrowd是状语.

2.监狱或许能满足某些人的正义感,但实际上它既不能起到威慑作用,有时候还会让小罪犯变成职业罪犯.Prisonmaysatisfysomepeople'ssenseofjustice,butintruthitdoesnotserveasa

deterrent

(1.震慑)andsometimesturnsminoroffendersinto

careercriminals(2.职业罪犯).

1-deterrent

词典释义：deterrent

●○○○○1.N-COUNT

可数名词

威慑力量;威慑因素;遏制物

A

deterrent

issomethingthatpreventspeoplefromdoingsomethingbymaking

themafraidofwhatwillhappentothemiftheydoit.•Theyseriouslybelievethatcapitalpunishmentisa

deterrent...他们真的相信死刑具有威慑作用.•Thetoughnewlawshouldactasa

deterrent.这项严厉的新法将起到威慑作用.

外刊例句：Thismattersforpolicy,asitsuggeststhat

lockingvastnumbersofpeopleinjailisnotonlyexpensive,butuselessas

a

deterrent.

()这对政策来说很重要,因为它认为,把大部分人关进监狱不但成本高昂,而且也起不到什么威慑作用.

2-careercriminals

词典释义：careerUK

[kə'rɪər]

US

[-'rɪr]

noun

countable

ESSENTIAL

■thejoborseriesofjobsthatyoudoduringyourworking

life,especiallyifyoucontinuetogetbetterjobsandearnmoremoney

生涯,职业;事业•He'shopingfora

career

in

thepolice

force/

as

apoliceofficer.他希望当一名员警.•Whenheretireshewillbeabletolookbackovera

brilliant

career

(=aworkinglifewhichhasbeenverysuccessful).等退休的时候,他可以回顾自己光辉灿烂的职业生涯.•Ithelpsifyoucanmoveafewrungsupthe

career

ladder

beforetakingtimeofftohaveababy.如果你能在事业的阶梯上再攀登几级然后再去休假生小孩,那样会好一些.•ItookthisnewjobbecauseIfeltthatthe

career

prospects

weremuchbetter.我接受了这份新工作,因为我觉得它的职业前景更好.•Elainehasbecomeareal

career

woman/girl

(=isinterestedinandspendsmostofhertimeonherjob).伊莱恩成为了一名真正的职业女性.•Judithisvery

career

-minded/-oriented

(=

givesalotofattentiontoherjob).

裘蒂丝事业心很强.

外刊例句：Most

career

criminals

donotbenefitfromacompanypensionscheme–unlessit'sone

theyfiddledforthemselves.

()职业罪犯大多没有公司养老保险——除了他们自己的欺诈公司.

替换表达：professionalcriminals

学生错误表达：Vocational/occupational

criminals点评：没有vocational/occupational

criminals的说法,这里应该改为career/professionalcriminals

3.监狱应该被看作是针对那些对社会真正有威胁的罪犯的最后手段,而不是处理不良分子的垃圾桶.判决应该关注如何让罪犯做一些有用的事情,或者最好是能让他们学一些有用的东西,这样他们能获得成就感.Prisonshouldbeseenas

alastresort

(1.最后手段)forthosewhoposeagenuinerisktosociety,notabintotoss

undesirables(2.不良分子).Sentencingshouldfocusongettingoffenderstodosomethinguseful,or

betterstill

(3.最好)learnsomethinguseful,sothattheycangetasenseofachievement.

1-alastresort

词典释义：resortUK

[rɪ'zɔ：t]

US

[-'zɔ：rt]

noun

ACTION

行动

uncountable

■whenyouhaveto

dosomethingbecausethereisnootherwayofachievingsomething

诉诸;凭借;采用•Hegotholdofthemoneylegally,without

resort

to

violence.他没有采取暴力手段,而是透过合法途径拿到了这笔钱.UK

[rɪ'zɔ：t]

US

[-'zɔ：rt]

noun

beyourlastresort

■tobetheonly

personorthingthatmightbeabletohelpyou,wheneveryotherpersonor

possibilityhasfailed

是最后的求助对象;是最后的出路;是最后的办法

•Youhavetohelpme-you'remylast

resort.你一定要帮我——你是我最后的希望了.

外刊例句：ThenationalisationofminesinSouthAfrica

isacostly,high-riskpropositionthatshouldbeadoptedonly

asalastresort,anindependent

panelofexpertsisreportedtohaveconcludedafterayear-longstudyofthe

policyin14countries.

()专家调查小组在长年研究了14个国家的政策后,总结道,南非的矿产国有化方案耗资甚大且风险极高,实乃万不得已的最后手段.

替换表达：afinalresort

学生错误表达：Thelastmethod点评：thelastmethod是指"排在最后面的一种方法”,它并没有包含"最终手段”这一层含义.

2-undesirables

词典释义：undesirables

UK

[ˌʌn.dɪ'zaɪə.rə.blz]

US

[-'zaɪr.ə-]

oftenhumorous

pluralnoun

■peoplewhosebehaviourorappearancemakesthem

unacceptableinsocietyorataparticularoccasion

不受欢迎的人,令人讨厌的人•Thereareguardsonthedoortokeepout(the)

undesirables.门口有警卫,会把不受欢迎的人挡在门外.

外刊例句：A

lotof"undesirables"arethoughttohavebeenmovedontolessvisibledistricts.()很多人认为,许多"不良分子”都已搬到了其他没那么显眼的街区.

3-betterstill

词典释义：betterstill

(also

evenbetter)

■usedtosaythataparticularchoicewouldbemoresatisfactory

干脆,不如

•Whydon'tyougiveheracallor,

better

still,goandseeher?

你为什么不打个电话给她,或者干脆亲自去找她?

外刊例句：Victimsofawarmingworldmaybecaughtina

bureaucraticlimbounlessthingsaredonetoease—and

betterstill,pre-empt—theirtravails.

()全球变暖的受害者可能会受制于官僚主义的犹豫不决.除非这些官僚能采取行动,甚至最好就是能预先行动,否则他们的痛苦将难以缓解.

替换表达：evenbetter

Q：最后手段alastresort,是固定搭配吗?用thelastresort也可以吧,就是指最后一个,不指之一.A：这里用a/thelastresort都可以,它们的含义都是"最终手段”.

Prisonshouldbeseenasalastresortfor

thosewhoposeagenuinerisktosociety,notabintotossundesirables.

[分析]本句是一个被动结构,Prison是主语,shouldbeseen是谓语,asalastresort…直到结尾是主语补足语,其中包括了一个who引导的定语从句,修饰those,另外,asalastresort…notabin包含了一种取舍关系,肯定前者而否定后者.

4.从古至今,人类就一直在讨论正义以及如何最好地惩治犯罪的话题.最简单的方法之一是对于每类犯罪都施以固定的惩罚.一些人支持这种做法.Sinceancienttimes,humanshavebeendiscussingthetopicofjusticeand

howbesttopunishcrimes(1.怎样最好地惩治犯罪).Oneofthesimplestwaysistohave

fixedpunishments(2.固定的惩罚)foreachtypeofoffence,anapproachthat

findsfavourwith

(3.被……支持)some.

1-howbesttopunishcrimes注意此处best是副词,放在了howtodosth中间.

词典释义：bestadverbsuperlativeofwell

1.inawaythatisbetterthananyother最好地：•Itworksbestif

youletitwarmupfirst.如果先把它预热一下,使用效果最佳.•Thiscanbestbe

describedasaseriesofsteps.最恰当的说法就是,这是一步步的过程.•thebest-dressedmaninParis巴黎穿着最讲究的男人

外刊例句：Spendtimeexploring

howbestto

reachyourcustomersandensurethatyourproductisreadilyavailableintheplacesyourtargetmarketshops.()花时间去探索如何最好地找到目标顾客,并确保你的产品已在目标超市商场上架.

替换表达：thebestwaytodosth

2-fixedpunishments

词典释义：fixed[fɪkst]

adjective

ARRANGED

安排的

ADVANCED

■arrangedordecidedalreadyandnotabletobechanged

确定的;固定的;不能变的•a

fixed

price固定价格•fixed

interestrates固定利率•Isthedateofthewedding

fixed

yet?

婚礼日期确定了吗?

punishment

['pʌn.ɪʃ.mə