（高考英语作文炼句）第7篇译文老师笔记

PAGEPAGE11.网络课程使得发展中国家的人能够获取高质量的教育,而这种获取渠道的缺乏一直以来都制约了发展中国家经济的发展.Onlinecoursesallowpeoplein

developingcountries

(1.发展中国家)to

gainaccessto

(2.获取)highqualityeducation,thelackofwhichhastraditionally

heldback(3.制约)developingeconomies.1-onlinecourses词典释义：courseUK

[kɔ：s]

US

[kɔ：rs/note_panel

noun

CLASSES

课

ESSENTIAL

countable

■asetofclassesoraplanofstudyonaparticular

subject,usuallyresultinginanexaminationorqualification

课程;教程•Tim

did

athree-year

courseinlinguisticsatNewcastle.蒂姆在纽卡斯尔大学修读了为期三年的语言学课程.•They'regoingaway

on

atrainingcoursenextweek.下星期他们要出去上实习课.•I'dliketoUK

do

/US

takeawritingcoursewhenIretire.退休后我想修读一门写作课.

Common

Learner

Errors

course

Thecorrectprepositiontousebeforecourseis

on.Don'tsay'to/at/inacourse',sayonacourse：

✗

Inthiscourseyouwilllearnhowtomanageyourtime.Onthiscourseyouwilllearnhowtomanageyourtime.

外刊例句：Foruniversitiesbesetbyheavydebts,smallertaxpayer

subsidiesandacyclicaldeclineinenrolment,

onlinecourses

meanbettertuition,highergraduationratesand

lower-costdegrees.Newtechnologyalsogivestheinnovativeachanceto

shineagainsttheirrivals.(TheEconomist)

学生错误表达：(1)netcurriculum点评：curriculum是指课程安排,与courses(课程)不同.(2)internetcourses点评：onlinecourses比internetcourses更常用.

2-developingcountries词典释义：developing

●●○○○1.ADJ

形容词

(国家或地区)发展中的

Ifyoutalkabout

developing

countries

orthe

developing

world,youmeanthecountriesorthepartsoftheworldthatare

poorandhavefewindustries.

【搭配模式】：ADJn•Inthe

developing

worldcigaretteconsumptionisincreasing.在发展中国家,香烟的消费量正在上升.

外刊例句：Armsdeliveriesto

developing

countries

lastyearwerethehighestsince2004,totalling$28billion,

oraround60%ofglobalsales.

(TheEconomist)

可供替换的表达：developingeconomies

学生错误表达：(1)

developingcountry点评：country应该使用复数形式countries

3-accesstoaccess之后的to是介词.

词典释义：access['æk.ses]

noun

uncountable

IMPROVER

themethodorpossibilityofgettingneartoaplaceor

person,ortherighttouseorlookatsomething

通道;使用途径;(接近某地或某人的)机会(或方法);(使用某物的)权利•Theonly

access

to

thevillageisbyboat.

到那个村子去的唯一方法是乘船.•Themain

access

to

(=entranceto)the

buildingisattheside.大楼的主入口在侧面.•Thetaxinspector

had/gained

complete

access

to

thecompanyfiles.税务稽查员拥有／获得了查看公司所有档的权利.•Thesystemhasbeendesignedto

give

theuserquick

andeasy

access

to

therequiredinformation.系统旨在方便使用者快速地获取所需资讯.•Thechildren'sfatherwas

refused

access

to

thematanytime(=refusedofficialpermissiontoseethem).孩子的父亲任何时候都无权探视他们.

外刊例句：Mostcompaniesarebetteratgivingemployees

accessto

theinformation

superhighwaythanatteachingthemhowtodrive.Thisisstartingtochange.

Managementconsultantshavespottedanopportunity.

(The

Economist)

替换表达：acquire/obtain

4-holdbackholdback

用来表示阻碍人的发展或事物的发展都可以.

词典释义：UK

[həʊld]

US

[hoʊld]

verb

(held,

held)

[M]

holdsb/sthback

STOP

DEVELOPMENT

tostopsomeoneor

somethingdevelopingordoingaswellastheyshould

阻碍…的发展

Shefeltthathavingchildrenwould

hold

herback.她觉得生小孩会阻碍她发展事业.

STOP

MOVEMENT

Ifyouhold

somethingback,youstopitcomingoradvancing

阻挡,阻止

Sandbagswill

hold

thefloodwatersbackforawhile.

沙包将会挡住洪水一段时间.

外刊例句：Poorpublicservices

hold

back

growth,andastateservingoneethnicityisunlikelytopursue

reforms,likeprivatisationandtradeliberalisation,thatfosterbroad

prosperity.(TheEconomist)

替换表达：bethemainconstraintonsomething/stunt/hobble/strangle

Q：发展国家的人peopleindevelopingcountries,我用的是peoplefromdevelopingcountries是否一样呢?A：这里使用peoplein/fromdevelopingcountries都可以.

Q：thelackofwhichhastraditionallyheldback

developingeconomies.那么of的宾语是谁?A：which指代前面提到的highquality

education,这里相当于thelackofhighqualityeducationhas

traditionallyheldbackdevelopingeconomies

Q：lackofwhich能用withoutwhich替代吗?A：如果使用withoutwhich句子需要调整为Online

coursesallowpeopleindevelopingcountriestogainaccesstohighquality

education,withoutwhichdevelopingeconomieshasbeentraditionallyheld

back.

Q：老师您好,答案句子中是不是应该加上but等连接词呀?还是因为thelackofwhich的用法所以不需要加连接词了呢?A：这里因为用了which连接上下两句,所以不需要加连词.如果which改为highqualityeducation,就需要加连词：Online

coursesallowpeopleindevelopingcountriestogainaccesstohighquality

education,andthelackofhighqualityeducationhastraditionallyheldback

developingeconomies.

2.在时尚产业,不少白领尽管有着高薪水和光鲜头衔,却往往劳累过度,睡眠不足.Despitetheirhighsalariesand

impressivetitles(1.光鲜头衔),manywhite-collarworkersin

thefashionindustry

(2.时尚产业)sufferfrom

burnout

(3.劳累过度)and

sleepdeprivation(4.睡眠不足).

1-impressivetitles

词典释义：

impressive[ɪm'pres.ɪv]

adjective

IMPROVER

■Ifanobjector

achievementisimpressive,youadmireorrespectit,usuallybecauseitis

special,importantorverylarge

给人深刻印象的;令人钦佩的

•Thatwasan

impressive

performancefromsuch

ayoungtennisplayer.这么年轻的网球选手居然打得那么好.•an

impressive

collectionofmodernpaintings令人赞叹的现代绘画收藏品•Therearesomevery

impressive

buildingsin

thetown.镇上有一些非常雄伟的建筑物.

title

UK

['taɪ.tl]

US

[-tˌl]

noun

PERSON

人

ADVANCED

countable

awordwhichis

usedbeforesomeone'sname,statingtheirsocialrank,qualifications,

positioninanorganization,sex,etc.

(用于人名前)称号,称谓,头衔,职称

•What'sher

title

-issheProfessororjustDoctor?

她的头衔是甚么——是教授或只是博士?•Hewillretainthehonorary

titleofnon-executivechairman.他将保留非执行主席这个名誉头衔.•What'syour

job

title

now-areyoumanagingdirector?

你现在的职位是甚么——是总经理吗?

外刊例句：JohnHegarty,whocarriesthe

impressivetitle

ofgroupchairmanandworldwidecreative

directorofBartleBogleHegarty,isamanwithanimpressiveadvertising

heritage.

(TheGuardian)

替换表达：glitteringtitles

学生错误表达：(1)

high-profiletitles点评：high-profile一般用于修饰人,比如ahigh-profilepolitician

/publicfigure/company,不可以用来修饰titles(2)

glossyranks点评：rank一般指社会阶级或者军衔,与表示职位的"头衔”不同.

2-thefashionindustry"thefashionindustry”是"时尚行业、时尚界”的固定表达.

词典释义：industry['ɪn.də.stri]

noun

TYPEOFWORK

行业

ESSENTIAL

countable

■thepeopleand

activitiesinvolvedinonetypeofbusiness

行业

•thegas/electricity

industry燃气业／电力工业•thetourist

industry旅游业•manufacturing

industries制造业•Thecomputer

industry

hasbeenbooming.电脑行业已经日益蓬勃起来了.

外刊例句：Everyonenowknowswhatwillbeindiscerningwardrobes

nextspring：blocksofcolour,boldprintsanddainty"lingerieforfeet”

(formerlyknownasniceshoes).Butthe

fashionindustry's

financialfutureismuchmurkier.(TheEconomist)

替换表达：thefashionworld

学生错误表达：(1)fashionalindustry点评：没有fashional这个单词,这里应该使用固定搭配thefashion

industry(2)vogueindustry点评：vogueindustry为生造表达,这里应该使用固定搭配thefashion

industry

3-burnoutburnout这里是名词;burnout作为动词词组也有"使……累坏”的含义.

词典释义：burn-outUK

['bɜ：n.aʊt]

US

['bɝ：n-]

noun

uncountable

■extremetiredness

usuallycausedbyworkingtoomuch

极度劳累;疲劳过度

•employeescomplainingof/suffering

burn-out抱怨／感到极度劳累的员工

外刊例句：Striplingsthatspecialisealsohaveahigherriskof

burnout.Theypractisethesamesport

relentlessly,whichcanleavethemfatiguedandstressedintheirearly

teenageyears：theLoyolaUniversitypapercitesevidenceofpsychological

problemsamongjuniorgymnasts,swimmersandtennisplayers.

(The

Economist)

替换表达：exhaustion、desperate/extremetiredness

学生错误表达：(1)

overwhelmed点评：overwhelmed含义是"(感情上)难以承受,不知所措的”,不可以用来表示"过度疲劳”.(2)

bewithexhausting点评：没有bewithexhausting这样的表达,可以改为beexhausted

4-sleepdeprivation

词典释义：deprivation[ˌdep.rɪ'veɪ.ʃən]

noun

countable

or

uncountable

whenyoudonothavethingsor

conditionsthatareusuallyconsiderednecessaryforapleasantlife

缺失,缺乏,匮乏•Theyusedsleep

deprivation

asaformoftorture.他们把不让人睡觉作为一种折磨人的手段.•Thereisawful

deprivation

intheshantytowns.贫民区的生活条件十分糟糕.•Therewerefoodshortagesandother

deprivations

duringtheCivilWar.南北战事期间,食品短缺,物资匮乏.

外刊例句：Predictably,

sleep

deprivation

ismostcommonamongnight-shiftsworkers(44%),whomakeup

nearlyaquarterofworkers.Studieshaveshownthatsleepislighterand

shorterinthedaytime,whenmelatoninlevelsdeclineandbodytemperatures

rise.(TheEconomist)

替换表达：lackofsleep/beingshortofsleep

学生错误表达：(1)

haveinadequatesleeping点评：sleeping是形容词,这里应该改为sleep(2)sleepinsufficiency点评：这里应该改为更常见的insufficientsleep

Q：Infashionindustries,manywhitecollarshave

despitehighsalaryandshiningtitles,sometimestheyexhaustedandsleep

deprivation.我总觉得我这个句子翻译的语序有问题,特别像Chinglish,不想跟老师翻译的完全一样,毕竟考试还得靠自己的思维写句子,不知道错在哪,也不知道怎么改.A：despitehighsalary这部分可以调整到句子开头,theyexhausted应该改为theyfeelexhausted,句子调整后可以变成：Despitetheirhighsalariesandshiningtitles,manywhitecollar

workersinthefashionindustrysometimesfeelexhaustedandsufferfrom

sleepdeprivation.

Q：睡眠不足用undersleep可以吗?(字典上能查到这个词,但是没有见到相应的用法)A：可以,但要注意这是一个动词.

Q：老师请问下我们在翻译的时候可以改变句子中词的位置吗比如这一句我就把尽管(though)并没有放在句首来翻译,我的翻译是Inthefashionindustry,thoughacoupleofwhite-collarworkers

havewell-paidsalaryandabrighthonor,theytendtobeoverworkedand

lackinginsleep.这样可以吗?A：可以改变though的位置,但放在句首会保险一点.have

well-paidsalaryandabrighthonor应该改为havewell-paid

salariesandimpressivetitles

Q：为啥fashionindustry加the?A：因为industry是可数名词单数,the+可数名词单数可以泛指某一类事物,thefashionindustry泛指娱乐界,这里也可以写成fashion

industries

Q：老师您好,比较疑惑前半句的their,不是一般要前面出现过名词后面才能用代词吗?如果只是翻译句子没有语境的情况下,只要后半句出现了主语前面就能使用代词吗?A：从句中的代词看主语,而从句又可以放在主句前,所以可以出现代词先于名词前出现的情况.

3.如果一个学生从大学毕业后获得的仅仅是学位证书,那么用人单位很可能会觉得他们缺乏生活经验,而且能力太过单一.Ifastudentgraduatesfromuniversitywith

nothingmorethan

(1.仅仅)thedegreecertificate(2.学位证书),employers

arelikelyto

(3.很可能会)feelthattheyare

lackinginlifeexperience

(4.缺乏生活经验)andare

tooone-dimensional(5.能力太过单一).

1-nothingmorethan

词典释义：

nothingmorethan

disapproving

■only

仅仅

•HedismissedBryanas

nothing

morethananamateur.

他以布莱恩不过是个业余爱好者为由,拒绝了他.

外刊例句：Legally,MrPoroshenkomayhaveanexplanation.His

associatessuggest,andsomeexpertsagree,thattheBVIcompanycreatedin

hisnamewas

nothingmorethan

a

vehicleforapre-salerestructuringofRoshen.(TheEconomist)

替换表达：merely/littlemorethan

2-degreecertificatecertificate后常跟介词of、in.

词典释义：2.N-COUNT

可数名词

结业证书;合格证书;文凭

A

certificate

isanofficialdocumentthatyoureceivewhenyouhavecompletedacourseofstudyortraining.Thequalificationthatyoureceiveissometimesalsocalleda

certificate.•Totherightofthefireplacearevariousframed

certificates.壁炉的右边是各种镶框的证书.•...thePost-GraduateCertificateofEducation.教育学研究生毕业证书

外刊例句：Evaluationiscontinuousasstudentsmasterdifferentskills,ratherthanembodiedinasingle

degreecertificate：yourCVprovidesaconstantlyupdatedsummaryoftheskills

thatyouhaveacquired.(TheEconomist)

替换表达：acollege/universitydegree、degree

qualifications

学生错误表达：(1)adegreepaper点评：adegreepaper是指制作学位证书的纸,这里应该改为adegreecertificate(2)academicdegree点评：degree本身已经有包含academic的含义了,这里可以改为adegree

3-belikelytodo

词典释义：likely['laɪ.kli]

adjective

ESSENTIAL

■describessomethingthatwillprobablyhappenoris

expected

很可能的,可能要发生的•DoremindmebecauseI'm

likely

to

forget.一定要提醒我,因为我可能会忘记.•What'sthe

likely

outcomeofthiswholebusiness?整宗事件可能会出现甚么结果?•Isupposethatmighthappenbutit'snotvery

likely.我认为那样的事也许会发生,但可能性不大.•[+

that]It'squite

likely

that

we'llbeinSpainthistimenextyear.明年的这个时候我们很可能会在西班牙.•informal

"Doyouwanttojoinmeonaten-milerun?""

Not

likely

(=certainlynot)!""你想和我一起参加一个十英里赛跑吗?”"不可能!”

外刊例句：Aseconomiclifehasbecomelesssecure,low-skilledwhitemenhavetendedtowardsunstablecohabitingrelationshipsratherthanmarriages.Theyhaveabandonedtraditionalcommunalreligioninfavourofchurchesthatemphasisepersonalidentity.Andtheyhavebecomemore

likelyto

stopworking,orlooking

forwork,entirely.(TheEconomist)

替换表达：Theodds/Chancesarethat...、inall

probability、Itisverypossible/likelythat...、more/mostlikely

4-belackinginlifeexperiencelack既可以作及物动词也可以作不及物动词,作不及物动词时的用法是lackin

something;作名词时的用法是lackofsomething

词典释义：2.V-ERG

及物/不及物动词

缺少;欠缺;没有

Ifyousaythatsomeoneorsomethinglacks

aparticularqualityorthataparticularquality

islacking

inthem,youmeanthattheydonothaveanyorenoughofit.

【语法信息】：Vn

【语法信息】：V•It

lackedthepoweroftheItaliancars...它没有意大利轿车动力强劲.•He

lackedthejudgmentandpoliticalacumenforthepostofchairman...他欠缺做主席应具备的判断力和政治敏锐度.

•Certainvitalinformationis

lackinginthereport.该报告缺少某些关键信息.我自己补充一点：

Lackverb

1.Ttonothavesomethingthatyouneed,ornothaveenoughofit没有;缺乏：•Alex'srealproblemisthathelacksconfidence.亚历克斯的真正问题是缺乏信心.►Donotusetheverblackbefore'in'or'of'.动词lack后面不要用in或of：•Welackideas(NOTWelackin/ofideas).我们没有主意.However,youcanusethephrasesbelackinginandalackof.但是可以用belackingin和alackof：

•WearelackinginideasOR或Wehavealackofideas.外刊例句：Yetheknowsthatchangemustcome,andfast.Hehas

injectednewenergyintogovernment,andistakinghugegambles.Whathe

lacksinexperience

andforeign

travel,hecompensatesforwithconfidence,focusandabatteryof

consultants’reports.(TheEconomist)

替换表达：belessexperiencedaboutlife(e.g.PerhapsI'mabit

moreexperiencedaboutlife

thanmy

contemporaries.)

学生错误表达：(1)

lackoflivingexperience点评：livingexperience应改为lifeexperience,注意此时lack是名词,不是动词.

5-tooone-dimensionaldimension的本意是"维度、方面”,这里的"(人的能力)单一”取的是延伸义.

词典释义：countable

■apartorfeature

orwayofconsideringsomething

层面,维度;特点

•Hispersonalityhasseveral

dimensions.

他是个有多重性格的人.•Theseweaponsadda

new

dimensiontomodernwarfare.这些武器为现代战争增添了一个新的特点.•Thereisaspiritual

dimension

toherpoetry.

她的诗还有一个精神层面.

外刊例句：Denmark'sCarolineWozniackihasbeenrankednumberonein

theworldforoverayearwithoutwinningasinglegrandslamtournament.

Aboveall,women'stennisiscriticisedforbeing

one-dimensional

anddulltowatch.Coulditsformatbeatleast

partlytoblame?

(TheEconomist)

学生错误表达：(1)

toosingle点评：single是指"单一的;单身的”,不能表示"能力单一的”.(2)simplifyingcapability点评：simplify含义是"使简化,使简单”,没有simplifying

capability的说法.

Q：tooone-dimensional这个词就比较陌生,查字典来看主要表示乏味的,无变化的.不是很确定在这里是否适用.没有查到形容人的用法.A：可以形容人,参考《纽约时报》例句：

Thestudents,thoughequally

one-dimensional,arerealizedwithmorehellishintensity.(The

NewYorkTimes)

Q：Ifastudentgraduatesfromuniversitywithnothing

morethanthedegreecertificate,employersarelikelytofeelthattheyare

lackinginlifeexperienceandaretooone-dimensional.and后面的are可以去掉写成andtooone-dimensional吗?A：可以去掉,但还是建议加上,以防止出现歧义.

4.实践课程能够帮助学生解决现实生活中的问题,在为学生就业做准备方面方面优于理论课程,因此也是学校课程重要的组成部分.Practicalcourses(1.实践课程),whichenablestudentsto

solvereal-worldproblems(2.解决实现生活中的问题),are

superiorto

(3.优于)theoreticalcourses

(4.理论课程)inpreparingstudentsforthejobmarketandshouldthus

formanimportantpartof

(5.……的重要组成部分)theschoolcurriculum(6.学校课程).

1-practicalcourses

词典释义：practical['præk.tɪ.kəl]

adjective

EXPERIENCE

经验

IMPROVER

■relatingtoexperience,realsituationsoractionsrather

thanideasorimagination

实际的;实做的;有实际经验的

•Qualificationsareimportantbut

practical

experience

isalwaysanadvantage.资历固然重要,但实际经验总是个优势.•Theserviceoffersyoungpeople

practical

adviceonfindingajob.这项服务为年轻人提供就业方面的实用建议.•What'stheuseoftheoreticalknowledgethathasno

practicalapplication?

理论知识如果没有实际应用又有甚么用呢?

例句：Thenot-for-profitorganisationsaysthat100%ofthe

studentswhoundergoitsshort,

practical

courses

immediatelygetadecentjoband98%stillhaveitthreemonths

later,whichshowsthatmuchcanbedoneiftheproblemistackledsensibly.

Evenso,broadereducationalreformisbadlyneeded.

(The

Economist)

学生错误表达：(1)

practicecourses点评："实践课程”应该是practicalcourses

2-solvereal-worldproblems

词典释义：realworld1.N-SING

单数名词

真实的世界;现实世界;现实生活

Ifyoutalkabout

therealworld,you

arereferringtotheworldandlifeingeneral,incontrasttoaparticular

person'sownlife,experience,andideas,whichmayseemuntypicaland

unrealistic.

【搭配模式】：theN•Whentheyeventuallyleavetheschooltheywillbetotally

ill-equippedtodealwiththe

real

world...当他们最终离开学校的时候,他们没掌握什么实际技能,难以应对现实世界.•IwasOlympicchampionbutIhadtogooutintothe

realworld

andworkforaliving.我是奥运冠军,但是我不得不走进现实生活工作谋生.

外刊例句：India'sbestuniversities—theIndianInstitutesof

Technology—areworldclass,butthereareonly16ofthem.Manyuniversities

turnoutgraduateswhoaregoodatexamsbutunaccustomedtothinkingabout

real-worldproblems.Employerstrain

themformonths,atgreatexpense.Thentheyareruthlesslypoachedby

rivals.(TheEconomist)

替换表达：real-lifeproblems

学生错误表达：(1)

solverealityproblems点评：没有realityproblems这个表达,这里可以改为real-life/real-world

problems

3-besuperiortosthto为介词,且superior没有比较级.

词典释义：superior

●●●○○1.ADJ-GRADED

能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词

比…好的;比…强的;优于…的

Ifonethingorpersonis

superiorto

another,

thefirstisbetterthanthesecond.【搭配模式】：oftADJton•Wehavearelationshipinfinitely

superior

tothoseofmanyofourfriends...我们的关系要比我们其他许多朋友的关系好得多.•...awomangreatly

superior

toherhusbandineducationandsensitivity...学历和悟性都比她丈夫高出许多的女人

•Long-termstockmarketinvestmentshaveproduced

superior

returnscomparedwithcashdeposits.股票市场长期投资的收益比现金存款要高.

外刊例句：Forallitsfaultssocialism

is

manifestly

superiorto

capitalisminonearea：themakingofmyths.Capitalistscanneverequalthe

emotionalappealofsocialism'smartyredheroes.AynRand,however,isa

conspicuousexceptiontothisrule.(TheEconomist)

替换表达：outclass/surpass/beacutabovesomething

学生错误表达：(1)

priorto点评：priorto是"先于……”的意思,这里应改为superiorto

4-theoreticalcourses

词典释义：theoretical

●●○○○1.ADJ

形容词

(研究、解释)理论的,理论性的

A

theoretical

studyor

explanationisbasedonorusestheideasandabstractprinciplesthatrelate

toaparticularsu