新高考新教材适用2025版高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解考点分类练三推理判断题-写作意图类

考点分类练(三)推理推断题——写作意图类A(2024山东潍坊高三一模)Thirty-fiveyearsago,withjustoneacreofland,acoupleofseedsandabucketofhope,oneNigerian-bornscientistbeganhismissiontodefeatfamine(饥荒)onhiscontinent.NewsofthedroughtacrossAfricaintheearly1980stroubledNzamujo.EquippedwithamicrobiologyPhDandhisfaith,hetravelledbacktoAfrica.There,hefoundacontinentecologicallyrich,diverseandcapableofproducingfood.Hebelievesdroughtwasn’ttheonlyreasonforwidespreadhunger,andthatsustainabilityhadbeenleftout.Nzamujobegandesigninga“zerowaste”agriculturesystemthatwouldnotonlyincreasefoodsecurity,butalsowouldhelptheenvironmentandcreatejobs.In1985,hestartedhissustainablefarm“Songhai”intheWestAfricancountryofBenin.Nzamujolivesonthefarmandconstantlyupdateshistechniques.HecreditshisdegreesinscienceandengineeringwithSonghai’ssuccess.Buthealsothankshisspiritualandculturalroots,andhisfather—adrivingforceinhislifewhoencouragedhimtopursuehisstudiestothehighestdegreeandtouseSonghaitosharehisknowledge.Songhaihasseveral“eco-literacy”developmentprograms.Theyrangefrom18-monthtrainingcoursesforfarmer-enterprisers,toshorterstaystolearntechniqueslikeweeding.PeoplecomefromallovertheworldtostudyNzamujo’smethods.Afterseeingsuccessonhisfirstzerowastefarm,heexpandedthroughoutBeninandwesternAfrica.Today,theSonghaimodelisappliedacrossthecontinent,includingNigeria,Uganda,SierraLeoneandLiberia.Nzamujosaysthey’vetrainedmorethan7,000farmer-enterprisersandmorethan30,000peopleintotalsinceitbegan.Nzamujobelieveszerowasteagricultureisnowsteadilytacklingtheissueshesetouttodefeat:hunger,unemploymentandenvironmentaldeclines.Andhewantstoseeitgofurther.1.WhichfactorrelatedtofaminewasunnoticedinNzamujo’seyes?A.Poorsoil.B.Watershortage.C.Lackofresources.D.Sustainability.2.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph3?A.Introduceasolution.B.Giveexamplestothereaders.C.Addsomebackgroundinformation.D.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.3.HowdoesSonghaihelptoeasetheproblemoffamine?A.Byofferingland.B.Bytradingseeds.C.Byeducatingfarmers.D.Bysellingtechnology.4.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesNzamujo?A.Criticalandcareful.B.Learnedandresponsible.C.Optimisticandgenerous.D.Considerateandambitious.BSculptedbywindandwaterovermillionsofyears,theremotecanyons(峡谷)andplateaus(高原)ofsoutheasternUtahwereamongthelastpartsoftheAmericanWesttobeseenbytravelersfromtheEast.Today,thatrockylandscapeishometosomeofthemostpopularnationalparksinthecountry.You’llneedseveraldaystotakeinallofthenaturalwonders,startingwiththeredrocklandscapeofdeepopeninggardensatZionNationalPark.Theviewsheremaymakeyoufeelasifyou’reflying,especiallyatAngelsLanding,whichstands1,488feetabovetheVirginRiver.Heading75milesnorthwestalong89AtoBryceCanyonNationalPark,you’llseethehigh-risingorangerockformations,calledhoodoos,longbeforeyouarriveattheparkgates.Nextup,theredsandstoneofCapitolReefNationalPark,100milestothenortheast,resemblesthelookoftheRedPlanet.Roll130milesnorthforanotherotherworldlysight:ArchesNationalPark’smorethan2,000dazzling(纷繁芜杂的)stonearches,thelargestcollectionofnaturalarchesintheworld.Finally,driveontotheremotecanyonscarvedbytheColoradoandGreenRiversatneighboringCanyonlandsNationalPark.Thevastwildernessareaofferscrowd-freeexperiencesinitsremotereachesthatwillmakeyoufeelasifyou’reallalonewiththesespellbinding(迷人的)landscapes.5.Inwhichparkcanyouseethehoodoos?A.ZionNationalPark.B.BryceCanyonNationalPark.C.ArchesNationalPark.D.CanyonlandsNationalPark.6.WhydoesCapitolReefNationalParklookliketheRedPlanet?A.Itgivestouristsafeelingofflying.B.Ithasopeninggardens.C.Ithasdazzlinghoodoos.D.Ithasredsandstone.7.Whatisimpliedinthelastparagraph?A.Wonderfulsceneryisalwaysfarfromcities.B.Youwillfindalmostnoothertravelerscomehere.C.CanyonlandsNationalParkisaveryvastpark.D.Youwilldiscoverthereallandscapeswhenalone.8.Whatcanbethepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassage?A.Tointroducetheamazinglandscapestotourists.B.Toexplainthegeographicformation.C.TotellhistravelingexperienceinUtah.D.Tosinghighpraiseofthenaturalbeauty.C(2024广东茂名二模)Usingthepowerofartificialintelligence(AI),scientistshaverevealednewinsightsintothecreationanddestructionofmassextinction.Contrarytoconventionalknowledge,theirstudysuggeststhatlargerextinctionisnotalwaysaformof“creativedestruction”thatallowsneworganisms(生物体)toradiateandevolve.Instead,itsuggeststhatmassextinctionisrarelyassociatedwithnewspeciesofradiation.Dr.HoyalCuthill,theleadstudyauthorfromtheUniversityofEssexintheUKandtheTokyoInstituteofTechnology,saidinastatement,“Someofthemostchallengingthingstounderstandthehistoryoflifearethevasttimelinesinvolvedandthenumberofspecies.Newmachinelearningapplicationscanhelpusunderstandthisinformationinhuman-readableform.Thismeansthatwecan,sotospeak,holdtheevolutionofhalfabillionyearsinthepalmofourhandandgainnewinsightsfromwhatwesee.”Theyconcludedthatmassextinctionandlaterradiationwerenotconnectedaspreviouslythought.Within5percentofthemostsignificantperiodsofdisruption(中断),AIdetected“bigfive”massextinction,seventimesofmoremassextinction,twomassextinction-radiationevents,and15timesofmassradiation.Mostimportantly,itdiscoversthatmassiveradiationandextinctionrarelyoccurwitheachother,changingtheviewthatgreaterextinctionleadstoakindofdeepcycle-likespeciesradiationofnature.Itappearsthatlargerextinctioniscertainlynottheengineofevolutionaryradiation.TaketheCambrianeruptionforexampleanditwasabout41millionyearsagowhenalargegroupofanimalsfirstappearedontherecordofthefirstfossilrecordandthedawnofahighmobileanimalequippedwithmodernphysicalfeatures.Thisnewstudyfoundthatahandfulofothernotableexplosionsofbiodiversity,includingtheCambrianeruption,usuallyoccurredatatimewhentheywerelargelyisolated(隔离)fromextinction.Dr.NicholasGuttenberg,astudyco-authorfromtheTokyoInstituteofTechnologyexplained,“Ecosystemsaredynamicandyoudon’tneedanythingtoexisttoallowsomethingnewtoappear.”9.Whatdoesthefirstparagraphserveas?A.Anexplanationofartificialintelligence.B.Abackgroundofresearchers’study.C.Thereasonsforcreativedestruction.D.Theresultofresearchers’newstudy.10.WhatcanweinferfromDr.HoyalCuthill’swords?A.AIcontributesalottothestudyofevolution.B.Understandingthehistoryoflifeisverydifficult.C.NewAImachineslearnapplicationsbetter.D.Theresultofresearchers’newstudy.11.Whatistheresearchers’discovery?A.Massextinctionisunlikelytocauseevolutionaryradiation.B.Thefirstanimalwithmodernfeaturesoccurredduringeruption.C.Thevolcaniceruptionledtoamassextinctionandradiation.D.Theideaofdeepcycle-likespeciesradiationhasturnedouttrue.12.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Newprocessesofbiologicalevolution.B.Newviewofradiationfromnaturalspecies.C.Newunderstandingofmassextinction.D.Newoutbreaksofbiologicalpopulations.

考点分类练(三)推理推断题——写作意图类【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲解并描述了尼日利亚籍科学家Nzamujo建立可持续发展的农场,并在非洲其他地方加以推广,旨在解决饥荒、就业和环境问题。1.D解析:细微环节理解题。由其次段中“Hebelievesdroughtwasn’ttheonlyreasonforwidespreadhunger,andthatsustainabilityhadbeenleftout(他认为干旱不是造成饥荒的唯一缘由,可持续性方面明显被忽视了).”可知,答案为D项Sustainability(可持续性)。2.A解析:推理推断题。由第三段内容可知,科学家Nzamujo设计了一种零奢侈的农业系统,该系统不仅增加粮食平安,而且有助于环境的改善,同时能增加就业,并在1985年,在西非贝宁这个国家创办了可持续发展农场,由此可推知,该段主要在介绍一种解决方法,故选A项。3.C解析:细微环节理解题。依据第四段中的“touseSonghaitosharehisknowledge”以及第五段中的“Songhaihasseveral‘eco-literacy’developmentprograms.Theyrangefrom18-monthtrainingcoursesforfarmer-enterprisers,toshorterstaystolearntechniqueslikeweeding.”可知,Songhai主要是通过教化的方式来解决饥荒问题,故选C项。4.B解析:推理推断题。由第一段中的“beganhismissiontodefeatfamineonhiscontinent”以及其次段中的“EquippedwithamicrobiologyPhDandhisfaith,hetravelledbacktoAfrica.”可推知,Nzamujo既有学识,又有担当,故选B项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国西部犹他州地质公园的奇丽风景,在这里你不仅可以观赏到类似火星的地质岩层,还能看到别具特色的拱形石门。5.B解析:细微环节理解题。依据其次段最终一句中的“...along89AtoBryceCanyonNationalPark,you’llseethehigh-risingorangerockformations,calledhoodoos...”可知,沿着89A马路,到达布莱斯峡谷国家公园后,你会发觉高耸的橙色的岩层,称为岩柱。也就是说岩柱在布莱斯峡谷国家公园,故选B项。6.D解析:细微环节理解题。依据第三段第一句“Nextup,theredsandstoneofCapitolReefNationalPark,100milestothenortheast,resemblesthelookoftheRedPlanet.”可知,圆顶礁国家公园的红色砂岩在东北方向100英里处,特别像红色星球的外观,故选D项。文章中的resembles与题干中的looklike同义。7.B解析:推理推断题。依据最终一段其次句中的“...asifyou’reallalonew