浙江省金兰教育合作组织2024-2025学年高一上学期期中英语试题 含解析

绝密★考试结束前浙江省金兰教育合作组织2024学年第一学期期中考试高一年级英语学科试题考生须知：1.本卷共8页满分150分，考试时间120分钟。2.答题前，在答题卷指定区域填写班级、姓名、考场号、座位号及准考证号并填涂相应数字。3.所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷上无效。4.考试结束后，只需上交答题纸。选择题部分第一部分：听力（共两节，20小题，每题1.5分，满分30分）第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whichplacedoestheman'steamget?A.Thefirst.B.Thesecond.C.Thethird.2.WhatisSarahdoing?A.Tryingonadress.B.Designingadress.C.Makingadress.3.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Onabus.B.Inamuseum.C.Atabookstore.4.Whatwillthespeakersdothisweekend?A.Watchamovie.B.Seeaplay.C.Enjoyamusical.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Studyingspecies.B.Choosingacourse.C.Learningalanguage.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Howlongdoesthewomanworkaday?A.About7hours.B.About9hours.C.About10hours.7.Whatdoesthewomandoeverymorning?A.Shewatchestelevision.B.Shetakesexercise.C.Shewalkstowork.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Atwhattimedoestheprogramstart?A.6:00p.m.B.7:00p.m.C.10:00p.m9.Whydoesthewomansuggestherstudentsseetheprogram?A.Becauseitisinteresting.B.Becausethehostisherbrother.C.Becauseitishelpfulfortheirscienceproject.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whycanthewomankeepslim?A.Sheseldomeatsmeat.B.Shegoesonadiet.C.Shedoesmuchexercise.11.Howoftendoesthebasketballclubmeet?A.Onceaweek.B.Oncetwoweeks.C.Onceamonth.12.WhatarethespeakersgoingtodoonSunday?A.Gotothegym.B.Buyanexercisebike.C.Lookforrunningmachines.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.WhatdidPam'shobbyusetobe?A.Cycling.B.Boating.C.Horseriding.14.WhichpartofPam'sbodyisbadlyhurt?A.Herarms.B.Herlegs.C.Herfoot.15.Whatwillthewomandointheafternoon?A.VisitPam.B.Buysomechocolate.C.Readmagazinesathome.16.WhatrelationisthemantoPam?A.Herclassmate.B.Herbrother.C.Herhusband.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whyisthespeakergivingthetalk?A.Towelcomenewstudents.B.Toinvitestudentstoaparty.C.Tocorrectthemistakesininvitations.18.Whatwillbeheldtowelcomenewstudents?A.Alunchparty.B.Adancingparty.C.Adinnerparty.19.Howlongwillthepartylast?A.Threehours.B.Fourhours.C.Sevenhours.20.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutSmithStreet?A.Itisverylong.B.Itiscrowded.C.Itisunderrepair.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，20小题，满分50分）第一节（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAmazingscience-inspiredtoursJoinusinamazingscience-inspiredtoursacrosstheglobewithexpertsonboardandinthecompanyoffellowtravelerswhoenjoythediscoveryofscience.NewZealand1November2024|8daysDiscovertheamazinganddiverselandscapesofNewZealand,thatovermillionsofyearshavebeenshapedbyforcesdeepwithintheearth.ExploreNorthIsland’skeygeologicalregionsincludingIslandvolcano,Waitomocaves.Meetlocalexpertsalongthewayandenjoylecturesfromscienceexperts.CostaRica6November2024|13daysThistourwillcoverawealthoffascinatingecosystems,includingwetlands,mainrainforests,volcaniczonesandallkindsoflifeinseareservesandnationalparks.ExploresomeofCostaRica'samazinghighlightsfromwanderingthroughthehistoricstreetsofSanJose,walkinghighupalongMonteverde'sskywalktrailsthroughthecloudforestandfeelingthestrengthoftheArenalVolcano.Peru17September2024|10daysImmerseyourselfintheIncacivilization’smostimportantarchaeologicalsites,includingMachuPicchuasyoudiscoverhowthestoryoftheIncasissomuchmorethanMachuPicchu.ExplorethescienceandhistorywhileexploringthebeautifulSacredValley.Spendtimeexploringthemuseums,archaeologicalremainsandbeautifulSpanishbuildingsandtravelthroughthespectacularlandscapesoftheSacredValley.Norway18October2024|13daysJoinourseaexpeditionexploringthenorthernmostregionofEarth,theareaofthepolarbearandthemidnightsun.Gainwideknowledgeofseaandpolarnaturewhiledeepeningyourconnectiontothisremoteandruggedarchipelago.AccompaniedbyNewScientist'sRowanHooperalongwithhighlyknowledgeableandsupportiveexpeditionteam,expertsinexplorationscience,andwildlife.1.Whichtourwillyoujoinifyouareinterestedinbothseaandpolarnature?A.Peru. B.Norway. C.NewZealand. D.CostaRica.2.Whatdothefourtourshaveincommon?A.AllofthetourswillbetakeninNovember.B.Allofthetourswillbeguidedbyscientists.C.Allofthetoursaretohavescience-relatedexploration.D.Allofthetourswillinvolvetheexperienceofvisitingvolcano.3.Whereisthispassageprobablytakenfrom?A.Atravelbrochure. B.Anencyclopedia.C.Asciencenewspaper. D.Ageographytextbook.【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要详细介绍了一系列以科学为主题的特色旅行活动，包括每个目的地的特色、旅行时长以及可以体验的活动，以吸引潜在的游客。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章Norway部分中的“JoinourseaexpeditionexploringthenorthernmostregionofEarth,theareaofthepolarbearandthemidnightsun.Gainwideknowledgeofseaandpolarnaturewhiledeepeningyourconnectiontothisremoteandruggedarchipelago.(加入我们的海上探险，探索地球最北端的地区，这里是北极熊和午夜太阳的家园。在加深对这片偏远而崎岖群岛的联系的同时，广泛了解海洋和极地自然)”可知，如果你对海洋和极地自然都感兴趣，那么挪威之旅是合适的选择。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章标题“Amazingscience-inspiredtours(神奇的科学之旅)”及第一段“Joinusinamazingscience-inspiredtoursacrosstheglobewithexpertsonboardandinthecompanyoffellowtravelerswhoenjoythediscoveryofscience.(与我们一同踏上全球范围内的神奇科学灵感之旅吧！此次旅行有专家随行，还有同样热爱科学探索的旅伴相伴)”可知，这四个旅行团都将进行与科学相关的探索。故选C。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章标题“Amazingscience-inspiredtours(神奇科学之旅)”及文章内容可知，文章详细介绍了四个不同国家的旅行团，包括时间、地点、活动内容和特色，这些都是旅行手册中常见的信息，旨在吸引潜在游客。故选A。BIthasbeensevenmonthssinceSierraRobertssetsail--oractuallyboardedaplane--forayear-longadventureinthesmallColombiantownofSantaRosadeCabalinSouthAmerica.HertravelsarepartoftheRotaryYouthExchange,availabletohighschoolstudentsinterestedinlivingandstudyingabroadforoneyear.SantaRosaisknownforitsrichagriculture.ButColombiawasn’tRoberts’firstpreferencefortheexchangeprogram.“I’vealwaysbeeninterestedinforeigncultures,seeingnewthingsandjustlearning,”Robertssaid.“Iwasalwayskindofdrawntotheideaofstudyingabroad.IactuallywantedtogotoSpain.”AssoonasRobertsarrivedinColombiainAugust,herpreconceptionsoftheSouthAmericancountryquicklychanged.RobertssaidColombiawasnothinglikewhatshehadexpected,makingthefirstfewmonthsadifficultadjustment.InanOct.21blogpost,Robertswrites,“Iwaslettingmyemotionsandthoughtsrunmeover.IrealizedthatIcan’texpectthiscountry,thistown,thesepeopletochangetoaccommodatemeandfixmyhomesickness—that’ssimplysillyandgoesagainstwhatexchangeisreallyabout.”ItwasthatmomentthatRobertssaideverythingaroundherchanged.Shestartedtograspthelanguage,allowinghertobettercommunicatewithherhostfamilyandpeersandevenleadinghertomakemorefriends.Sheevenstarteddreaminginthelanguage.“Ifeelmoregroundedherenow,”saidRoberts,whowillflybacktoIndianainmid-June.Whenshereturns,shewillpresentherexperiencetolocalRotaryclubs.4.WhydidSierraRobertsgotoSantaRosa?A.Togosightseeing. B.Topursueacareerinagriculture.C.Totakeanadventure. D.Tostudyasanexchangestudent.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“preconceptions”inparagraph3mean?AWorries. B.Expectations. C.Opportunities. D.Memories.6.HowdidRobertsfeelwhenshegottoColombia?A.Excited. B.Confused. C.Disappointed. D.Curious.7.WhatcanweinferaboutSierraRoberts?A.Shehasapositiveattitudetolife. B.Sheisgoodwithdifferentpeople.C.SheregretscomingtoSantaRosa. D.Sheisgoodatlearninglanguages.【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了SierraRoberts参加扶轮社青年交流计划，在哥伦比亚小镇圣罗莎德卡瓦尔的所见所闻和所感，向读者展示了她对异国文化的体验和适应过程。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“HertravelsarepartoftheRotaryYouthExchange,availabletohighschoolstudentsinterestedinlivingandstudyingabroadforoneyear.(她的旅行是“扶轮社青年交流计划”的一部分，该计划面向对在国外生活和学习一年感兴趣的高中生。)”可知，SierraRoberts去SantaRosa是作为交换生去学习的。故选D。【5题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“RobertssaidColombiawasnothinglikewhatshehadexpected,makingthefirstfewmonthsadifficultadjustment.(Roberts说，哥伦比亚与她之前的预期完全不同，这让前几个月的适应变得非常困难。)”可推测，Roberts在来之前对哥伦比亚有一定的预期或看法，而到达后这些预期迅速被改变。因此，划线词preconceptions为“预期”或“看法”之意。选项B“expectations(预期)”与此相符。故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“AssoonasRobertsarrivedinColombiainAugust,herpreconceptionsoftheSouthAmericancountryquicklychanged.RobertssaidColombiawasnothinglikewhatshehadexpected,makingthefirstfewmonthsadifficultadjustment.(Roberts一到哥伦比亚（八月），她对这个南美国家的先入为主的观念就迅速改变了。罗伯茨说，哥伦比亚与她的预期完全不同，这让她在最初的几个月里很难适应。)”可推测，Roberts到达哥伦比亚的时候，发现一切都和自己所认为的不太一样，由此可知，Roberts此时感到失望。故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“InanOct.21blogpost,Robertswrites,“Iwaslettingmyemotionsandthoughtsrunmeover.IrealizedthatIcan’texpectthiscountry,thistown,thesepeopletochangetoaccommodatemeandfixmyhomesickness—that’ssimplysillyandgoesagainstwhatexchangeisreallyabout.”(在10月21日的一篇博客文章中，Roberts写道：“我让我的情绪和想法控制了我。我意识到，我不能期望这个国家、这个小镇、这些人会改变来适应我，并解决我的思乡之情——这太傻了，也违背了交流项目的真正意义。”)”、第五段“ItwasthatmomentthatRobertssaideverythingaroundherchanged.Shestartedtograspthelanguage,allowinghertobettercommunicatewithherhostfamilyandpeersandevenleadinghertomakemorefriends.Sheevenstarteddreaminginthelanguage.(Roberts说，就在那一刻，她周围的一切都改变了。她开始掌握语言，这使她能够更好地与寄宿家庭和同龄人交流，甚至帮助她结交了更多的朋友。她甚至开始用这种语言做梦。)”可推测，面对困难时，Roberts没有退缩，反而积极面对问题，解决问题，说明Roberts对生活有着积极的态度。故选A。CResearchershavedevelopedanewsoftrobotdesignthatconductsitselfwiththreebehavioursatthesametime:rolling(翻滚)forward,turninglikearecordandfollowingapaththatgoesaroundacentralpoint.Theequipment,whichoperateswithouthumanorcomputercontrol,holdspromisefordevelopingsoftrobotsthatcanbeusedtoAA-headandmapunknownenvironments.Thenewsoftrobotsarecalledtwistedring-bots(扭曲环机器人).Theyaremadeofsomethinglikearibbon(缎带)andthenjoinedtogetherattheendtoformaring.Whentherobotsareplacedonasurfacethatisatleast55degreesCelsius,whichishotterthanthesurroundingair,onepartoftheribbontouchingthesurfacebecomessmaller,whileonepartintheairdoesnot.Thisinducesarollingmovement:thewarmerthesurface,thefastertherobotrolls.“Theribbonrollsonitshorizontalaxis(横轴),givingtheringforwardstrength,”saysJieYin,aprofessorofmechanicalandaerospaceengineering.Thetwistedring-botalsoturnsalongitscentralaxis.Andasthetwistedring-botmovesforwardittravelsinapatharoundacentralpoint,basicallymovinginalargecircle.However,ifthetwistedring-botmeetsaboundary--likethewallofabox-itwilltravelalongtheboundary.Thetwistedring-botsareexamplesofequipmentwhosebehaviourisgovernedbyphysicalintelligence,meaningtheiractionsaredeterminedbytheirstructuraldesignandthematerialstheyaremadeof,ratherthanbeingdirectedbyacomputerorhuman.“Softroboticsisstillarelativelynewfield.”Yinsays.“Findingnewwaystocontrolthemovementofsoftrobotsinarepeatableandengineeredwaymovesthefieldforward.Andadvancingourunderstandingofwhatispossibleisexciting.”8.Whatmakestherobotrollfasterandfaster?A.Theribbon. B.Thecentralaxis.C.Thehighersurfacetemperature. D.Theshapeandmaterial.9.Howdoestheauthorintroducethenewsoftrobots?A.Byofferingreasonsandresults. B.Byquotingexperts’opinions.C.Bymakingsomecomparisons. D.Byexplainingtherobot’sworkingways.10.WhatisYin’sattitudetowardstwistedring-bots?A.Positive. B.Unclear. C.Negative. D.Doubtful.11.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutring-botsistrue?A.Thetwistedring-botsrequirehumanorcomputercontroltooperate.B.Thetwistedring-botsstopmovingwhentheyencounteraboundary.C.Thetwistedring-botscanonlyrollonsurfacesthatarebelow55degreesCelsius.D.Thebehaviorofthetwistedring-botsisdecidedbydesignandthematerials.【答案】8.C9.D10.A11.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员开发的一种新的软机器人设计——扭曲环机器人，详细描述了其工作原理、行为特性以及所属的技术领域。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Whentherobotsareplacedonasurfacethatisatleast55degreesCelsius,whichishotterthanthesurroundingair,onepartoftheribbontouchingthesurfacebecomessmaller,whileonepartintheairdoesnot.Thisinducesarollingmovement:thewarmerthesurface,thefastertherobotrolls.(当机器人被放置在至少55摄氏度的表面上（这个温度高于周围空气的温度）时，接触表面的缎带部分会变小，而暴露在空气中的部分则不会。这会产生滚动运动：表面越热，机器人滚动得越快。)”可知，更高的表面温度是导致机器人滚动速度加快的直接原因。故选C。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Whentherobotsareplacedonasurfacethatisatleast55degreesCelsius,whichishotterthanthesurroundingair,onepartoftheribbontouchingthesurfacebecomessmaller,whileonepartintheairdoesnot.Thisinducesarollingmovement:thewarmerthesurface,thefastertherobotrolls.(当机器人被放置在至少55摄氏度的表面上（这个温度高于周围空气的温度）时，接触表面的缎带部分会变小，而暴露在空气中的部分则不会。这会产生滚动运动：表面越热，机器人滚动得越快。)”以及文章第四段“Thetwistedring-botalsoturnsalongitscentralaxis.Andasthetwistedring-botmovesforwardittravelsinapatharoundacentralpoint,basicallymovinginalargecircle.(扭曲环机器人还会沿着其中心轴旋转。当扭曲环机器人向前移动时，它会沿着一个以中心点为路径的圆周运动，基本上是在一个大圆圈内移动。)”，可知，作者详细描述了新型软机器人的工作原理和行为特性来介绍新型机器人。故选D。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““Softroboticsisstillarelativelynewfield.”Yinsays.“Findingnewwaystocontrolthemovementofsoftrobotsinarepeatableandengineeredwaymovesthefieldforward.Andadvancingourunderstandingofwhatispossibleisexciting.”(“软机器人学仍然是一个相对新的领域。”Yin说。“找到以可重复和工程化的方式控制软机器人运动的新方法将推动该领域的发展。而对我们所能实现的可能性有更深入的理解，这是令人兴奋的。”)”可知，Yin对扭曲环机器人和软机器人学领域的积极态度。故选A。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Thetwistedring-botsareexamplesofequipmentwhosebehaviourisgovernedbyphysicalintelligence,meaningtheiractionsaredeterminedbytheirstructuraldesignandthematerialstheyaremadeof,ratherthanbeingdirectedbyacomputerorhuman.(扭曲环机器人是物理智能控制行为的设备的一个例子，这意味着它们的行为是由其结构设计和所用材料决定的，而不是由计算机或人类指挥的。)”可知，扭曲环机器人的行为是由其设计和材料决定的。故选D。DYou’veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans—between4.8and12.7milliontonnesenteroceanecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmanysculptures(雕塑)outofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbuiltapiececalled“Strawpocalypse,”apairof10-foot-tallplasticwaves,frozenmid-crash.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups,thesculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsourceofplasticpollution,butthey’verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon’tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.Everystrawthat’spartofVonWong’sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.Inapiecefrom2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate(说明)aspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,atruckload’sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled“TruckloadofPlastic,”VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey’dbeendumped(倾倒)fromatruckallatonce.VonWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplasticfootprint.12.WhatisthemainpurposeofBenjaminVonWong’sartprojects?A.Beautifyingthecityhelivesin. B.Drawingpublicattentiontoplasticwaste.C.Introducingeco-friendlyproducts. D.Reducinggarbageonthebeach.13.Whydoestheauthordiscussplasticstrawsinparagraph3?A.Toshowthedifficultyoftheirrecycling. B.Tofindareplacementforthem.C.Tovoicehisviewsonmodernart. D.Toexplainwhytheyareuseful.14.Whateffectwould“TruckloadofPlastic”haveonviewers?A.Calming. B.Refreshing. C.Disturbing. D.Challenging.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Artists’OpinionsonPlasticSafety B.MediaInterestinModernArtC.OceanPlasticsChangedintoSculptures D.BigCompanies’Responsibility【答案】12.B13.A14.C15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过介绍艺术家BenjaminVonWong利用塑料垃圾制作雕塑的行为和目的，以及相关的塑料污染数据，旨在提高读者对塑料污染问题的认识，并呼吁大家减少使用一次性塑料制品，共同保护海洋环境。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Hebuildsmanysculptures(雕塑)outofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.(他用塑料垃圾制作了许多雕塑，迫使观众重新审视自己与一次性塑料产品的关系。)”可知，BenjaminVonWong的艺术项目的主要目的是引起公众对塑料垃圾问题的关注。故选B。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsourceofplasticpollution,butthey’verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon’tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.(塑料吸管绝不是塑料污染的最大来源，但最近它们却备受指责，因为大多数人根本不需要用吸管来喝东西，而且由于其体积小、重量轻，它们无法被回收。)”可知，作者讨论塑料吸管是为了展示它们回收的困难。故选A。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Inapiecefrom2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate(说明)aspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,atruckload’sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled“TruckloadofPlastic,”VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey’dbeendumped(倾倒)fromatruckallatonce.(在2018年的一件作品中，VonWong想说明一个具体的数据：每60秒，就有一辆卡车满载的塑料垃圾进入海洋。为了这件名为“满载塑料的卡车”的作品，VonWong和一群志愿者收集了10,000多件塑料制品，然后将它们绑在一起，看起来就像是一次性从卡车上倾倒下来的。)”可知，“TruckloadofPlastic”这个作品对观众的影响是令人不安的。故选C。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“You’veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans—between4.8and12.7milliontonnesenteroceanecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmanysculptures(雕塑)outofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.(你或许已经听说过塑料正在污染海洋——每年有480万至1270万吨塑料垃圾进入海洋生态系统。但是，一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真的会产生影响吗？艺术家BenjaminVonWong想让你知道，它们确实会产生影响。他用塑料垃圾制作了许多雕塑，迫使观众重新审视自己与一次性塑料产品的关系。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了艺术家BenjaminVonWong将海洋中的塑料垃圾变成雕塑，以此来提醒人们塑料污染的问题。故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项是多余项。Howwefeelaboutourselvescaninfluencehowweliveourlives.Peoplewithgoodself-esteem(自尊心)havebetterrelationships.___16___Peoplewhobelievetheycanachievegoalsandsolveproblemsaremorelikelytodowellinschool.Havinggoodself-esteemallowsyoutoacceptyourselfandlivelifetothefullest.Ifyouwanttoimproveyourself-esteem,herearesomesteps:●Viewmistakesaschancestolearn.Acceptthatyouwillmakemistakesaseveryonedoes.Mistakesarepartoflearning.●Trytostopthinkingnegativethoughtsaboutyourself.Ifyou’reusedtofocusingonyourweakness,startthinkingaboutthepositiveaspectsofyourselfthatoutweighthem.___17___●Trynewthings.Experimentwithdifferentactivitiesthatwillhelpyougetintouchwithyourtalents.Thentakeprideinnewskillsyoudevelop.●___18___Ifyourealizethatyou’reunhappywithsomethingaboutyourselfthatyoucanchange,thenstarttoday.Ifit’ssomethingyoucan’tchange(likeyourheight),thenstarttoworktowardlovingyourselfthewayyouare.●Takeprideinyouropinionsandideas.Don’tbeafraidtovoicethem.●Makeacontribution.Tutoraclassmatewho’shavingtrouble.___19___Or,volunteeryourtimeinsomeotherway.Feelinglikeyou’remakingadifferenceandthatyourhelpisvaluedcandowonderstoimproveself-esteem.Self-esteemplaysaroleinalmosteverythingyoudo.___20___Butonceyoudo,it’saskillyou’llhaveforlife.A.Offertocleanupyourneighborhood.B.Avoidcomparingyourselftoothers.C.Aimforachievementsratherthanperfection.D.Ittakessomeworktodevelopgoodself-esteem.E.Recognizewhatyoucanchangeandwhatyoucan’t.F.Eachday,writedownthreethingsaboutyourselfthatmakeyouhappy.G.They’remorelikelytoaskforhelpandsupportfromfriendsandfamilywhentheyneedit.【答案】16.G17.F18.E19.A20.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了自尊心对我们生活的影响，以及如何培养和提高自尊心。【16题详解】根据空前内容“Peoplewithgoodself-esteem(自尊心)havebetterrelationships.(自尊心强的人有更好的人际关系。)”以及空后“Peoplewhobelievetheycanachievegoalsandsolveproblemsaremorelikelytodowellinschool.(相信自己能够实现目标和解决问题的人在学校更有可能表现出色。)”可知，空处需要承上启下，既要承接上文关于自尊心强的人的正面特点，又要引出下文关于自尊心如何影响个人表现的内容。选项G“They’remorelikelytoaskforhelpandsupportfromfriendsandfamilywhentheyneedit.(当他们需要帮助时，他们更有可能向朋友和家人寻求帮助和支持)”与上文内容衔接，进一步说明了自尊心强的人在遇到困难时会积极寻求帮助，这种积极的态度有助于他们在生活和学业上取得成功，符合语境。故选G。【17题详解】根据空前内容“Trytostopthinkingnegativethoughtsaboutyourself.Ifyou’reusedtofocusingonyourweakness,startthinkingaboutthepositiveaspectsofyourselfthatoutweighthem.(试着停止对自己的负面想法。如果你习惯于关注自己的弱点，那就开始想想那些超过它们的积极方面。)”可知，上文提到了停止负面想法，开始想想积极方面。选项F“Eachday,writedownthreethingsaboutyourselfthatmakeyouhappy.(每天写下三件让你开心的事情。)”自然延续上文内容，指出多想想积极的内容，每天写下三件让自己开心的事情。故选F。【18题详解】空处为本段小标题，为本段主要内容。根据下文“Ifyourealizethatyou’reunhappywithsomethingaboutyourselfthatyoucanchange,thenstarttoday.Ifit’ssomethingyoucan’tchange(likeyourheight),thenstarttoworktowardlovingyourselfthewayyouare.(如果你意识到你对自己身上某些可以改变的事情不满意，那就从今天开始改变。如果它是你无法改变的事情（比如你的身高），那就开始努力接受现在的自己。)”可知，本段主要讲述了要认清自己能改变的和不能改变的，然后采取相应的行动。因此，选项E“Recognizewhatyoucanchangeandwhatyoucan’t.(认清你能改变的和不能改变的)”能够准确地概括下文的内容。故选E。【19题详解】根据空前内容“Makeacontribution.Tutoraclassmatewho’shavingtrouble.(做出贡献。辅导有困难同学。)”可知，上文建议我们帮助有困难的同学。选项A“Offertocleanupyourneighborhood.(主动提出清理你的社区)”与上文内容一致，共同指出我们可以做出贡献。故选A。【20题详解】根据上文“Self-esteemplaysaroleinalmosteverythingyoudo.(自尊心几乎在你所做的每一件事中都起着作用。)”可知，自尊心很重要。选项D“Ittakessomeworktodevelopgoodself-esteem.(培养良好的自尊心需要一些努力。)”自然延续上文内容，指出自尊心很重要，培养自尊心需要一些努力。从而自然引出下文“Butonceyoudo,it’saskillyou’llhaveforlife.(但一旦你学会了，这将是一项终生的技能。)”故选D。第三部分：语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Onacoldwintermorning,anoldmansatawkwardlyagainstawallatSydney’sCircularQuaystation.Iglancedforamomentbut___21___himandwalkedontomyofficeasI___22___hewasaderelict(流浪汉).Onmywaybackthatafternoon,inthesameplaceIsawanambulanceandthemanwasbeing___23___bytwonurses.Hewasn’taderelictbutaworker,who___24___fellillonhiswaytowork.ShameshockedmewhenIrealizedthatsick,oldmanhadputupwiththe___25___oftheentireday.Heprobablyreachedouttopassers-byforhelp.Noonestopped.Noone___26___.Severalmonthslater,Iagain___27___anoldmanhalflyingonthefootpath.Caughtupinthe___28___rushofpeopletravelingtowork,Iwouldhave___29___himquicklyasIhaddonebefore.However,the____30____oftheoldWinterManforcedmetowalktothemanontheground,whowasdressedinsmartclothesbutlifeless.IbentdowntoaskifhewasOK.He____31____consciousness(意识)again,andtoldmehewasdiabetic(患糖尿病的)and____32____metocallanambulanceforhim,whichIdid.Veryweak,hesaidtome,inawhisper,“Nobodystopped.Thankyou.”Ilookedintohiseyesforamomentin____33____,butmuchwasspokenwithoutawordbeingsaid.Astheapproachingambulancesiren(鸣笛声)announcedthearrivalofhelp,anumberof____34____rushedatme:sadnessfortheWinterManandreliefthatIdidn’twalkpastanotherpersonin____35____.Iwasamazedthatithadbeensoeasytobehelpful.21.A.recognized B.comforted C.understood D.ignored22.A.thought B.learned C.proved D.debated23.A.protected B.guided C.attended D.watched24.A.narrowly B.finally C.suddenly D.obviously25.A.adventure B.loneliness C.tiredness D.coldness26.A.waited B.saw C.knew D.cared27.A.gaveup B.cameacross C.lookedfor D.focusedon28.A.frequent B.usual C.formal D.gradual29.A.passed B.helped C.followed D.greeted30.A.behaviour B.comment C.impression D.memory31.A.gained B.quit C.lost D.attracted32.A.forced B.allowed C.commented D.asked33.A.annoyance B.excitement C.silence D.pain34.A.dreams B.emotions C.plans D.opinions35.A.fear B.action C.fact D.need【答案】21.D22.A23.C24.C25.D26.D27.B28.B29.A30.D31.A32.D33.C34.B35.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在悉尼环形码头车站遇到的一位生病老人的故事，包括作者最初对老人的忽视、后来意识到老人并非流浪汉而是生病的工人、再次遇到类似情境时选择伸出援手，以及作者对此事的反思和感受。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我匆匆一瞥，以为他是个流浪汉，便没有理会，继续朝办公室走去。A.recognized认出；B.comforted安慰；C.understood理解；D.ignored忽视。根据空后“walkedontomyoffice”可知，作者并没有理会这个老人，继续朝办公室走去。故选D。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我匆匆一瞥，以为他是个流浪汉，便没有理会，继续朝办公室走去。A.thought想、认为；B.learned学习、了解；C.proved证明；D.debated辩论。根据上文“Iglancedforamomentbut___1___himandwalkedontomyoffice”可知，作者误以为这位老人是个流浪汉。故选A。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天下午，在我回来的路上，在同一个地方，我看到了一辆救护车，两名护士正在照料那位老人。A.protected保护；B.guided引导；C.attended出席、照顾；D.watched看。根据空前“Isawanambulance”以及空后的“bytwonurses”可推测，两位护士正在照顾这位老人。故选C。【24题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他并非流浪汉，而是一名工人，在去上班的路上突然生病了。A.narrowly勉强地；B.finally最后；C.suddenly突然；D.obviously显然。根据空后的“onhiswaytowork”以及上文所提及的“Onacoldwintermorning,anoldmansatawkwardlyagainstawallatSydney’sCircularQuaystation.”可推测，这位老人是在去上班的路上突然生病了。故选C。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我意识到这位生病的老人一整天都在忍受寒冷时，我感到羞愧难当。A.adventure冒险；B.loneliness孤独；C.tiredness疲倦；D.coldness寒冷。根据上文“Onacoldwintermorning,anoldmansatawkwardlyagainstawallatSydney’sCircularQuaystation.”可知，事情发生在一个寒冷的冬日。再根据上文内容可知，老人倚坐在一堵墙旁近一天才得到救助。因此可知，他忍受了一天的寒冷。故选D。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有人关心他。A.waited等待；B.saw看到；C.knew知道；D.cared关心。根据上文“Heprobablyreachedouttopassers-byforhelp.Noonestopped.”可知，并没有人关心他。故选D。【27题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：几个月后，我又遇到了一位老人，他半躺在人行道上。A.gaveup放弃；B.cameacross偶遇；C.lookedfor寻找；D.focusedon专注于。根据空后“anoldmanhalflyingonthefootpath”可知，作者又偶遇了一个老人。故选B。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当时正值寻常的上班高峰期，人们行色匆匆，我本想像以前一样快速走过。A.frequent频繁的；B.usual通常的；C.formal正式的；D.gradual逐渐的。根据下文“Iwouldhave___9___himquicklyasIhaddonebefore.”可知，当时正值平时一样的上班高峰期，人们行色匆匆。故选B。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时正值寻常的上班高峰期，人们行色匆匆，我本想像以前一样快速走过。A.passed通过；B.helped帮助；C.followed跟随；D.greeted问候。根据上文“Iglancedforamomentbut___1___himandwalkedontomyofficeasI___2___hewasaderelict(流浪汉).”可知，作者以前遇到这样的事情，会快速走过。故选A。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，那位冬日老人的记忆迫使我走向地上的老人，他穿着整洁的衣服，但毫无生气。A.behavi