时态和语态 课件初升高衔接英语课程

时态和语态TenseandVoice时间状态时态将来时过去时现在时完成体进行体一般体1.一般现在时意义：构成：e.g.Weplant300treeseveryyear.时间状语：every+n.，often，always，sometimes等。被动：is/am/are+done300treesareplantedbyuseveryyear.do/does表示现在的特征、状态、经常性动作或客观事实、未来的时间表、安排等。在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时1.一般情况直接+slike—likes喜欢2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾的动词加+eswash—washes洗3.以辅音字母+y结尾的动词把y变i,再加esstudy—studies学习特殊记have,do,gohave—has有，吃，喝，玩do—does做go—goes去动词变单三的规则look—kiss—stay—play—mix—express—do—ignore—carry—catch—

looksstaysmixesdoescarrieskissesplaysexpressesignorescatchesHaveatry1.QuanHongchansaysshe____________(practice)divingeveryday.2.QuanHongchan____________(perform)perfectlyinthecompetitionandwonthefirstprize.performedpractices2.一般过去时意义：构成：e.g.We

planted300treeslastyear.时间状语：yesterday,lastmonth,attheageof5,justnow等。被动：was/were+done300treeswereplantedbyuslastyear.did表示过去某时发生的动作（包括过去习惯性的动作）或存在的状态。情况构词方法例词一般情况加-edwant→wanted以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i加-edstudy→studied以字母-e结尾加-dlive→lived以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母末尾字母双写再加-edstop→stoppedbeg—beggeddrop—droppedplan—planned动词过去式的规则变化

动词过去式不规则变化（见书最后几页)：AAA型：cost-cost-cost,cut-cut-cutAAB型：beat-beat-beatenABA型：become-became-becomeABB型：get-got-gotABC型：begin-began-begunsing-sang-sungknow-knew-knowngrow-grew-grownThegamewhichI_________(watch)yesterdaywassoattractive.IlikewatchingPingponggamebest,which______(be)soattractive.iswatched3.现在进行时意义：构成：e.g.WearelearningEnglishnow.时间状语：now,atthemoment,atpresent,rightnow,look,listen等。被动：bebeingdoneEnglishisbeinglearntbyusnow.am/is/aredoing表示说话时正在进行的动作或现阶段正在进行的动作。V-ing的变化规则：1.直接加ingdo-doing2.以不发音的e结尾，去e加inglive-living3.辅元辅结尾的重读闭音节sit-sittingdrop-dropping4.以ie结尾die-dying

lie-lyingtie-tying4.过去进行时意义：构成：e.g.Iwaswalkingmydogat8o’clocklastnight.时间状语：atthistimeyesterday,at8lastnight等。被动：was/werebeingdoneMydogwasbeingwalkedbymeat8o’clocklastnight.was/weredoing表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作。1．I

(read)somenewspaperatsevenyesterdayevening.2．Nowhe

(write)abookaboutNewYork.Idon'tthinkhewillfinishit.3．ZhangHuadoesalotofhouseworkeveryevening，butnowhe

(help)hisschoolmateswiththeirlessons.wasreadingiswritingishelping5.一般将来时意义：构成：e.g.Wewilltakemanyexamsinthenext3years.时间状语：after3days,inthefuture,nextMonday等。被动：will/shallbedonebegoingtobedoneManyexamswillbetakenbyusinthenext3years.表示在现在看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态；也表示某种打算、计划，或准备要做某事。

shall/willdo(shall常用于第一人称)am/is/aregoingtodo、betodo(计划、义务、可能等)另外：还可以用其他时态表将来(1)一般现在时表将来:A.表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情:come，go，arrive，leave，return（表示位置移动的词），start，begin.(如列车时刻表等)。Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.B.在if，assoonas，until，when，before，after等引导的时间和条件状语从句中WhenBillcomes，askhimtowaitforme.(2)现在进行时表将来:意为“意图”“打算”“安排”，常用于人。常用词为come，go，start，arrive，leave，stay等。I'mleavingtomorrow.

6.过去将来时意义：构成：

e.g.Hesaidthathewouldplant1000treesin2028.时间状语：thefollowingmonth,thenextFriday,thenextyear等。被动：would/shouldbedonewas/weregoingtobedone1000treeswouldbeplantedbyhimin2028.表示从过去某时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。would/shoulddo、was/weregoingtodo7.现在完成时意义:构成：e.g.Wehavelearnt300wordsinthelast10days.时间状语：already,ever,never,just,yet,sofar,recently,lately,uptonow,untilnow,since,for,over/in/duringthelast/pastyears等。被动：have/hasbeendone300wordshavebeenlearntbyusinthelast10days.have/hasdone（1）动作发生于过去，一直持续到现在，可以和表示持续性的时间状语连用；（2）动作发生于过去，已经完成，但这个动作对现在有影响，一般没有明显的时间状语，主要通过上下文来理解。8.过去完成时意义：某一动作发生在过去的过去构成：e.g.Hesaidthathehadplanted300trees.时间状语：3daysearlier/before,bytheendof+过去时间等。被动：hadbeendone300treeshadbeenplantedbyhim.haddone情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+动词原形e.g.Icanseearedflagovertheblackboard.被动：情态动词+bedoneAredflagcanbeseenbymeovertheblackboard.Practice(1)Thesunalways

(rise)intheeast.(2)Heoften

(wash)hisclothesonSundays.(3)He

(leave)forShanghaiyesterday.(4)It

(rain)hardwhenIleftmyhouse.(5)Nowhe

(write)abookaboutNewYork.(6)Myuncle

(work)inthatfactorysince1958.(7)We_______________(learn)2,000wordsbytheendoflastyear.

risesleftwasheswasrainingiswritinghasworkedhadlearnt5现以动词study为例，将12种时态的主动语态的构成列表如下：一般式进行式完成式完成进行式现在过去将来

---------过去将来---------------------------时式5现以动词study为例，将12种时态的主动语态的构成列表如下：一般式进行式完成式完成进行式现在一般现在时studystudies现在进行时amstudyingarestudyingisstudying现在完成时havestudiedhas

studied现在完成进行时havebeenstudyinghasbeenstudying过去一般过去时studied过去进行时wa