2024年北京理工大附中高二（上）10月月考英语试题及答案

2024北京理工大附中高二10月月考英语第一部分：语言知识（共3节，分）第一节单词填空（共8小题，每小题1分，共8分）根据括号内汉语提示，用单词正确形式填空。1.IknowthatIa________student,butIslowlearnnewthings.(自愿的)(根据汉语提示单词拼写)2.thingaboutbeingateacheristhatyouhave________tomindswhentheyareopenandeagerlearn.(接近)(根据汉语提示单词拼写)3.Sheisverystrictand________becauseshewantsustobebetterlearners.Ireallywishcouldbelessdirectandmoreencouraging.(要求高的)(根据汉语提示单词拼写)4.Duringtheface-to-facecommunication,teachertellsusexactlywhereourproblemsareandhowwecan________.(提高)(根据汉语提示单词拼写)5.Onthesurface,Ihaveanactivesociallife.IattendpartiesandplaysportsbutI’malways________.(分心的)(根据汉语提示单词拼写)6.friendstrydragmeawayphone,butassoonasI’maloneagain,I’m________togetbackonlineworldandtheintenseactivitythatitprovides.(不顾一切的)(根据汉语提示单词拼写)7.Duringthefinalround,ajudge,youwouldbe________forlisteningtoallthespeeches,notingdownanypositiveornegativeaspectsforeachone.(负责的)(根据汉语提示单词拼写)8.Competitorsshouldbejudgedontheirpronunciation,clarityandandalsoprogressionofideasandaudience________.(参与度)(根据汉语提示单词拼写)第二节完形填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的、B、、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。Thursdaywouldbehuge.ButwhencoachannouncedthechampionshipgamewouldbeanightgameonDevin'sheart___9___.Theconcertwasatthesametimeasthegame.AndMs.Poltishad___10___Devintosingabriefsolo(独唱).Thinkingthesoccerteamwasontheedgeofatitleandhewasabigreason—hetheleagueinscoring,Devinfrowned(皱眉).Hecouldn'tdisappointhisteamby___12___thegame.Thatnight,Devinlaybed,staringatthetrophies()fromraces,baseballleaguesandfree-throwcontestswhich___13___hisshelves.Thesolowasonlyfourlinesinthemiddleofasong,butthethoughtofsinging___14___madehimshiver(颤抖).He'dneversungasolobefore.Nowarelieftoknowhedidn'thaveto.Thesoccergamewasaperfect___15___.WhileatthemomentMs.Poltis'wordscametohismind"Ichoseyounotbecauseyou'rethebestsingerbutbecauseyouworkhard,likethepersoninthesong.Andyouhaveaverynicevoice.Sodon'tnervous.Beproud."Itwasnosecretthatseveralotherchoirmembershad___16___singingvoicesthanhedid.Buthelikedthesong,andhe___17___howkindandinspiringMs.Poltisalwayswas.FinallyDevinmadeachoiceandwhisperedthesolowith____18____,"nomatterhowhardstruggle.Iwillneverletyoudown…"9.A.bledB.sankC.hurtD.beat10.A.taughtA.ledB.allowedB.wonC.chosenC.joinedC.enteringC.coveredC.aloneD.orderedD.formedD.skippingD.decoratedD.proudlyD.excuseD.deeper12.A.watching13.A.linedB.playingB.piled14.A.loudly15.A.platform16.A.louder17.A.appreciated18.A.tensionB.outsideB.requestB.strongerB.acceptedB.patienceC.conditionC.softerC.confirmedC.sorrowD.praisedD.confidence第三节语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。PeoplefromsouthernChinanormallybuy____19____theyneedforjustoneormealsatatime.normalforthemtobuyjusthalfaChinesecabbage,two____20____(potato)and25gramsofbeefatatime.____21____,apersonmaybelaughedatiftheydothisinthenorth.differencecouldbebecauseofthedifferentclimates.can____22____(keep)foralongtimeinthenorth,asusuallycoldanddrythere.southernChinesepeopleprefertobuyjustenoughfoodforonemealoronedayduetothehotandwetweatherinthesouth.B阅读下面短文,根据短文内容填空.在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号所给词的正确形式填空.Mrs.Baileywasimportantintheeducationaljourney___23___carriedmethroughschoolandintomyprofession.UntilIjoinedherclass,IbelievedmyabilityasaShepersuadedme___24___(join)thepoetrysocietyand___25___(light)afireforliterature.recognizedpotentialandshowedmethatIcouldwritewithcreativityandenthusiasm.Becauseoftheconfidencesheinspired___26___I’vecarvedoutasuccessfulprofessionasajournalist.C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号所给词的正确形式填空。Thestabilityofthedevelopinglivestreamingsectorhasmadeanidealsourceofjobsforthose___27___(bear)after1995haveapassionfornovelandnewlyindustries,expertssaid.ArecentreportbyZhaopin,anonlinerecruitmentplatform,ande-commercegiantAlibabarevealedsteadygrowthinthelivestreamingsectorthethirdquarterofthewithjobpostings___28___(rise)upnearly12percentTheincreasewasaround5percentagepoints___29___(high)averagethanforotherindustries.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，分）第一节（共10小题：每小题2分，共20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的、B、、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。A2018PhotographeroftheSouthAfricanSkyewinnerofa45,000entrycompetition,just16yearsofage.SkyehasbeenpublishedovertheyearsinprintmedianotjustforhisphotographybutalsovoicinghisopiniononconservationinSouthAfricaandtheneedmoreyoungphotographersoutthere.ForSkye,photographyisnotjustaboutthecompetitionsenteredandwonbutalsotheplatformithimcreateawarenessaboutournaturalworldandconservingthelongterm.ispartofaninterviewtoSkyetheRationalPerspective.Host:Howdoyougettohavetheabilitytoseetheseanimalsinwild?Skye:I'vebeenfortunateenoughthatmyparentsaresopassionateaboutthebushthatit'sjustaby-productofmegoingonadventureswiththemthatI'vebeenabletopursuephotographybecauseit'snotsomethingthateverykidwilllike.IwantwildlifeSoit'squiteauniquesituationforme.It'ssomethingthatIhavebeenbroughtupandsomethingI'vebeenfortunatetoexperience.Host:Howdoyoutakeagoodofaleopard?Skye:IhadbeenfollowingLimpy(theLeopard)formanyyearsandholdsaspecialplacemyheart.IhadgrownalongsideForme,theperfectshotisonewhereIfeelifI'mnotreallythere.It'swheretheanimaliscomfortableenoughtobehaveasifI'mnotthere.Ilikefeelimmersedinmomentcapturenatureatitsmostnatural.IlikefocusonwhatIwouldliketoseeinthemomentwhatIfeel.SoinmywinningpictureIsawthepeaceandtranquillityofthemoment,andthat'swhatItriedtocapture.30.WhatdoesSkyethinkofphotography?A.Aplatformtoshowneeds.B.Awaygaingoodreputation.C.Achancetogetclosetonaturalworld.D.Aplacetoraiseawarenessofconservation.31.WhichofthefollowingenablesSkyetoobservewildanimals?A.Hislearningexperience.B.thecompetition.C.Adventuringwithhisparents.D.Hisphotographyknowledge.32.WhatistherealreasonSkype'ssuccess?A.HestayedinthewildC.Hefoundaspecialplacefortheanimal.B.Hecapturedtheanimaltakepictures.D.Hetookthephotooftheanimalitsnaturalstate.BIfthereisonethingwecanconclusivelyaboutIsaacthathecouldwrite.Hisbodyofextendstoover500books.addtothat,hewasneverboundaspecificfield.Althoughmostfamousasasciencefictionhepublishedonmanymoretopics.Partofthisrelatedhisgiftedmind,butabiggerpartwasthathewaswell-educated.Manytendtothinkofbeingeducatedasthedegreesweearn.Asimovdidhaveagooddegree,buthisrealeducationwasbroaderthanthat.Itwasdeeperthanhelearnedinstruction.ItwashiscuriosityandhisdrivepushhimselfthattookhimfromayoungimmigrantmaybeoneofthemostbelovedUSauthors.Asayoungkid,hespenthisdayslostinhismindaskingquestionsandcreatingimaginaryworlds.Hereadbooks,andhelovedknowledge.Inhisautobiography(自传)BeenaGoodLife,Asimovtellsastoryaboutencounterhehadasachildwhenhisfatheraskedhimaquestion:“Howdidyoulearnallthis,Isaac?”“Fromyou,Pappa,”Asimovsaid.“Fromme?Iknowanyofthis.”haveto,Pappa,”Hesaid.valuedlearningandtaughtmetovalueit.OnceIlearnedtovalueit,restcamewithouttrouble.”markofeducatedmindshasnothingtodowithhowtheyIthaseverythingtodowiththetheyknowandthewaytheyaboutknowing.Also,onethingthatmanypeopleknowaboutIsaacAsimovisthatheactuallyafull-timewriterformostofhislife.Bypersonalchoice,hisday-jobwasasachemist.Oneofthethingsthatmanypolymaths(博学者)naturallydoisexploreabroadrangeofnon-fictiontopics.Butsomethingtheytendtooverlookistheknowledgetheycanobtainfromfiction.BeforeAsimovfelllovewithscience,hewasalreadyattractedbyfiction.ItwashisloveofGreekmythandhisreadingof18thand19th-centuryclassicsthatledtobecomeagreat33.Accordingtothepassage,IsaacAsimovisa________.A.belovedchemistB.full-timefictionauthorD.knowledgeableeducatorC.productivesci-fiwriter34.Whichofthefollowingmighttheauthoragreewith?A.Agooddegreereflectsrealeducationlevel.B.PolymathstendtolookdownuponGreekmyth.C.learnismoreimportantthanknowledgeitself.D.Non-fictionisnotworthreadingifoneistobecomea35.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A.analyzethereasonsbehindsuccessasaB.introducechildhoodandhisachievements.C.emphasizethecontributionsAsimovhasmade.D.callonthereaderstobuybooks.CHowandroughly2millionyearsago,earlyhumanancestorsevolvedbrainsandbeganfashioningrelativelyadvancedstonetools,isoneofthegreatmysteriesofevolution.Someresearchersthesechangeswerebroughtaboutbyinventionofcooking.Theypointoutthatourbiteweakenedaroundthesametimeourlargerbrainsevolved,andthatittakeslesstoabsorbnutrientscookedfood.Asaresult,oncetheyhadmasteredart,earlychefscouldinvestlessintheirdigestivesystemsandthusinvesttheresultingenergysavingsinbuildingbrainscapableofcomplexthought.Thereis,aproblemwiththecookingMostarchaeologists(考古学家）believetheevidenceofcontrolledfirestretchesbacknomorethan790,000years.RogerSummonsoftheMassachusettsInstituteofhasasolution.withhisteam,heanalyzed1.7million-year-oldsand-stonesthatformedancientriverOlduvaiinTheregionisfamousforthenumberofhumanfossils(化石)thathavebeendiscoveredthere,alongsideanimpressiveassemblyofstonetools.sand-stonesthemselveshavepreviouslyyieldedsomeoftheearliestcomplexhandaxes—tear-drop-shapedstonetoolsthatareassociatedHomoerectus(直立人).Creatingaxebyrepeatedlyknockingthinpiecesastoneordertocreatetwosharpcuttingedgesrequiresasignificantamountofplanning.Theirappearanceisthereforethoughttomarkanimportantmomentinintellectualevolution.insidetheOlduvaisand-stones,theresearchersfounddistinctivebutunusualbiologicalmolecules（分子）thatareofteninterpretedasbiomarkersforheat-tolerantbacteria.Someoftheseliveinwaterbetween85°Cand95°C.Themolecules’presencesuggeststhatanancientriverwithintheoncefedbyoneormorehotsprings.Summonsandhiscolleaguessaythehotspringswouldhaveprovidedaconvenient“pre-fire”meansofcookingfood.InNewZealand，theMaorihavetraditionallycookedfoodhotsprings,eitherbyloweringitintotheboilingwaterorbydiggingaholethehotearth.SimilarmethodsexistJapanandIceland,isplausible,ifdifficultprove,thatearlyhumansmighthaveusedhotspringstocookmeatandroots.Richardwhodevisedthecookingisfascinatedbytheidea.Nonetheless,firewouldhaveadistinctadvantagetohumans,oncetheyhadmasteredtheartofcontrollingitsince,unlikeahotspring,itisatransportableresource.36.ofthefollowingstatementscansupportthecookingtheoryEXCEPT__________.A.cookingenabledearlyhumanstoinvestlessindigestivesystemB.cookingenabledearlyhumanstodevotemoretobuildingbigbrainsC.ourbrainbecamearoundthetimeourdigestivesystemweakenedD.thecontrolledfiremastereduntilabout790,000yearsago37.Thepresenceofbiologicalmoleculeswasimportantbecause_________.A.theysuggestedapossiblemeansofcookingwithoutfireB.theycastlightonhowearlyHomoerectuslivedC.theyprovidedaconvenientofstudyingstonetoolsD.theymadestudiesofpre-historicculturespossible38.Theunderlinedword“plausible”probablymeans_________.A.noticeableC.reasonableB.applicableD.affordable39.WhatmaybetheconclusionofthestudybySummonsandhiscolleague?A.Earlyhumanswerecapableofmakingcomplexstonetools.B.Hotspringshelpexplainhowhumanbrainsgotsobig.C.Homoerectuswereadaptabletoughandcomplexterritories.D.Humanbrainsarehighlyadvancedasshownbytheirsize.第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。BenefitsofSportsDoingsportsisaphysical,mentalandsocialadventure.agreatwayforchildrentotakeabreakfromacademicsandreleaseextraItalsohelpsthemleadfullerandhappierlivesasregularsportshaveprovenimproveoverallwell-being.Thephysicalbenefitsofdoingsportsareprobablythemostobvious.Regardlessofyourfitnesslevelwhenyoustartplayingsports,you’llnoticeanincreaseyouroverallfitnessonceyou’reinvolved.___40___Basketballplayersfocusonstrengthtraining;footballplayersworkonspeedwhiletrackathletestrainthroughlongerruns.Thetrainingprocesshelpspromotephysicalfitnessandperformancesincompetitions.___41___Playingsportscontributestomentalhealth,helpingtoincreaseconfidenceandself-worth.Apatontheback,high-fivefromateammate,orhandshakeafteramatchreallyboostsaconfidence.ofpraiseandencouragementfromthecoach,parentsandotherplayersraisetheself-worth.___42___Soafteragame,abetterideatoask“Didyouenjoythegame?”ratherthan“Didyouwin?”Childrenwhoparticipateinsportsmightalsobenefitfromthesocialaspect,feelingpartofagroup,buildingupaccountabilityandleadership.___43___involvesbothbeingdependableasateammateandlearningtorelyonyourteammatesachieveapositiveoutcome.breedsaccountabilityandchallengesyoutoberesponsibleforyouractions.BeingpartofateamgivesyouanopportunitybeaDisciplineisanothersocialadvantage.Mostsportsrequireastricttrainingandpracticeschedule.Asastudent-athlete,youneedtobalanceacademicsandathletics.___44___Thereisnoshortageofreasonsfindasporttogetinvolvedin.Areyoureadygo?Pickoneandgetmoving!A.notjustyourbodythatbenefitsfromsports.B.Therefore,playingsportsisgoingtomakeyoumorefit.C.Ifyouplaygroupsports,you’llbepartofateamthattakesdirectionfromacoach.D.Butaself-worthshouldnotbedistinguishedbyvictoryorloss.E.Nearlyeverysportrequiresphysicalactivityandtheskillsneededtobecompetitive.Amongthese,learningtofunctionaspartofateamisthemostimportantadvantage.G.Onlywithstrictdisciplinecanyoubesuccessfulbothintheclassroomandinthesportsfield.第四部分：书面表达（共两节，分）第一节（共4小题；第44、45题各2分，第46题3分，第47题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Growingup,Iidealisedindependence.Ialwayswantedmyowntobeenough.WhenIdecidedtopursueapostgraduatedegree,Iwanteddevelopanovelresearchprogrammeandquicklyestablishmyselfasanindependentscientist.ButIwasunrealisticallyoptimisticaboutwhatIcouldachieve.AsIbegandesigningexperiments,mycommitteememberswarnedmeaboutthechallengesIwouldface.Butmyneedforindependencedrovemetopushforwardwithmyresearchplan.Asaresult,firstfouryearsofmypostgraduatecareerweredefinedbyaseriesoffailures.DuringsecondIfailedmycomprehensiveexambecausemyproposalwasDuringmythirdIdiscoveredthataftertreatingthousandsofseeds,IobtainedjustoneplantIcoulduseforexperiments.Bymyfourthmydesperationsucceedovershadowedmydesireforindependence.MyadviserandIdevised(想出)asomewhatunusualsolution:Iwouldspendthreemonthsinacollaborating(合作的)labobtainspecialisedtraining.Iworkedextensivelywithotherstudents,constantlyaskedquestions,andhelpedwithongoingprojectstolearneverythingIcould.Iconductedelegantexperimentthatwouldnothavebeenpossiblewithoutthehelpofthemembersthelab.Myadvisersawthisexperienceasagroundbreakingsuccess,emphasisingthecollaboratingskillsIacquired.AfewmonthswhenIrepeatedtheexperimentinhomelab,Iproducedmorepublishabledata.Bylearningwhentoaskhelp,Ieventuallyfoundmyselfonthewaybecominganindependentscientist.45.Inthebeginning,whatdrovetheauthortopushforwardwithresearchplan?_______________________________________________________________________________________________46.Whatwasthesolutionbytheadviserandtheauthorafterthoserepeatedfailures?_______________________________________________________________________________________________47.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplain>Theadviserconsideredexperienceinthelabagroundbreakingsuccessbecausepublishabledatahadbeenproduced._______________________________________________________________________________________________48.Fromthiswhatyoulearnabout“independence”?(Inabout40words)_______________________________________________________________________________________________第二节（共1题，分）49.假设你是红星中学高二学生李华，你校即将举办一场以人工智能”为主题的专家讲座。请你写一封邮件，邀请你的交换生朋友Jim一起参加。内容包括：1.邀请原因;2.讲座内容与安排。注意：1.1002.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________LiHua参考答案第一部分：语言知识（共3节，分）第一节单词填空（共8小题，每小题1分，共8分）根据括号内汉语提示，用单词正确形式填空。1.【答案】voluntary【详解】考查形容词。句意：我知道我不是一个自愿的学生，但我学习新事物并不慢。根据汉语提示可知用形容词voluntary，修饰名词student。故填voluntary。2.【答案】access【详解】考查名词。句意：当老师的好处是，当孩子们开放、渴望学习的时候，你可以接触到他们的思想。根据汉语提示可知应用名词access，构成haveaccessto表示“接触”。故填access。3.【答案】demanding【详解】考查形容词。句意：她非常严格，要求很高，因为她想让我们成为更好的学习者。我真希望她能少一点直接，多一点鼓励。根据汉语提示可知应用形容词demanding，作表语。故填demanding。4.【答案】improve【详解】考查动词。句意：在面对面的交流中，我的老师准确地告诉我们我们的问题在哪里以及我们如何提高。根据汉语提示可知应用动词improvecan后跟动词原形。故填improve。5.【答案】distracted【详解】考查形容词。句意：表面上看，我的社交生活很活跃。我参加聚会和运动，但我总是分心。根据汉语提示可知应用形容词distracted，作表语。故填distracted。6.【答案】desperate【详解】考查形容词。句意：我的朋友们试图把我的手机拖走，但一旦我再次独自一人，我就会不顾一切地回到网络世界和它提供的激烈活动中。根据汉语提示可知应用形容词desperate，作表语，故填desperate。7.【答案】responsible【详解】考查形容词。句意：在最后一轮比赛中，作为裁判，你将负责听所有的演讲，并记下每一场演讲的积极或消极方面。设空处使用形容词，作表语，表示“负责的”用responsibleresponsible。8.【答案】engagement【详解】考查名词。句意：评判选手的标准包括他们的发音、清晰度和流畅性，以及思想的进展和观众的参与度。根据汉语提示可知应用名词engagement，作宾语，不可数。故填engagement。第二节完形填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的、B、、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。【答案】9.B10.CA12.DA14.C15.D16.B17.A18.D【分析】这是一篇记叙文。Devin被Ms.Poltis选中参加独唱，因为怕唱不好而紧张，Devin想要拒绝；最后在Ms.Poltis的鼓励下，Ms.Poltis自信地参加了独唱。【9题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但当教练宣布冠军赛将是周四晚上的比赛时，Devin的心情变得沉重。A.bled流血；B.sank(心情)变得沉重；C.hurt受伤；D.beat跳动。根据后文“Devinfrowned()”可知，当教练宣布比赛时，Devin的心情变得沉重。故选。【10题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ms.Poltis选择Devin来唱一段简短的独唱。A.taughtB.allowed允许；C.chosen选择；D.ordered命令。根据第二段“Ichoseyounotbecauseyou'rethebestsingerbutbecauseworkhard”可知，Ms.PoltisDevin来唱一段简短的独唱。故选C。【题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Devin认为足球队即将夺冠，他是他在得分方面领先联盟的一个重要原因，他皱起了眉头。A.led率领，处于领先地位；B.赢得；C.joined加入；D.formed形成。根据空前“Thinkingsoccerteamwasontheedgeofatitle”可知，因为将要夺冠，由此可知，在得分上是领先的。故选A。【12题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他不能不参加比赛而使他的球队失望。A.watchingB.playing玩耍；C.entering进入；D.skipping跳过。根据前文“Hecouldn'tdisappointhisteam”可知，Devin不想不参加比赛，这样会让球队失望。故选D。【13题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上，Devin躺在床上，盯着货架上摆满的比赛、棒球联赛和罚球比赛的奖杯。A.lined沿……排成行；B.piled堆放；C.covered覆盖；D.decorated装饰。由空前“trophies(奖杯)fromraces,baseballleaguesandfree-throwcontests”可知，比赛中的获得的奖杯在架子上排成行。故选A。【14题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这首独唱只有歌曲中间的四行，但一想到要独自唱，他就不寒而栗。A.loudly大声地；B.outside在外面；C.alone单独；D.proudly骄傲地。根据前文thesolo可知，因为是独唱，所以此处指一个人唱歌。故选C。【15题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：足球比赛是个完美的借口。A.platform站台，讲台；B.request要求；C.condition条件；D.excuse借口。根据前文“He'dneversungasolobefore.”可知，因为Devin不想唱歌，所以足球比赛是个完美的借口。故选D。【16题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：唱诗班的其他几个成员的嗓音比他响亮，这已经不是什么秘密了。A.louder更大声的；B.stronger更响亮的；C.softer更柔软的；D.deeper更深的。根据前文“Ichoseyounotbecauseyou'rethebestsingerbutbecauseyouworkhard”可知，唱诗班的其他几个成员比他唱得好，由此可知，他们的嗓音也比Devin响亮。故选。【17题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但他喜欢这首歌，他也感激Ms.Poltis一直以来的善良和鼓舞人心。A.appreciated感激；B.accepted接受；C.confirmed确认；D.praised赞扬。根据后文“howkindandinspiringMs.Poltisalwayswas.”可知，DevinMs.Poltis一直以来的善良和鼓舞人心。故选A。【18题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，Devin做出了选择，自信地低声唱着独唱。A.tension紧张；B.patience耐心；C.sorrow悲伤；D.confidence自信。根据后文“nomatterhowhardthestruggle.Iwillneverletyoudown…”可知，Devin自信地歌唱。故选D。第三节语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共分）【答案】19.what20.potatoes21.However22.bekept【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍由于南方和北方气候不同，人们购买食品的数量也不同。【19题详解】考查名词性从句。句意：来自中国南方的人们通常一次只买一到两顿饭所需的东西。本句为宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，所以用连接代词what引导。故填what。【20题详解】考查名词的数。句意：他们通常一次只买半个白菜、两个土豆和25克牛肉。名词potato为可数名词，根据前数词two可知，用名词的复数形式。故填potatoes。【21题详解】考查副词。句意：然而，如果一个人这样做在北方可能会被嘲笑。前后句之间为转折关系，所以用副词howeverHowever。【22题详解】考查语态。句意：食物在北方可以保存很长时间，因为那里通常又冷又干。主语Food与keep之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填bekept。【答案】23.that##which24.tojoin25.lit26.in【导语】这是一篇记叙文。因为老师贝利夫人的鼓励和激励，“我”产生了对文学的热情，并成为了一名成功的记者。【23题详解】考查定语从句。句意：在我从学校到工作的求学之旅中，贝利夫人发挥了重要作用。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为journey，所以应用关系代词which或thatthat/which。【24题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：她劝我加入诗社，在我心中燃起了文学的火焰。persuadesbdo意为“劝说某人做某事”，为固定搭配，所以应用do不定式作宾语补足语。故填tojoin。【25题详解】考查一般过去时。句意：她劝我加入诗社，在我心中燃起了文学的火焰。根据“Shepersuadedme”可知，此处描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填lit。【26题详解】考查介词。句意：因为她激发了我的信心，我成为了一个成功的记者。inspiresthsb意为“唤醒某人的……”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用介词in。故填in。【答案】27.born28.risinghigher【导语】这是一篇说明文。近年来新兴直播行业发展迅速，成为95后就业的理想来源。【27题详解】考查过去分词。句意：专家表示，发展中的直播行业的稳定性使其成为95后就业的理想来源，这些人对新奇和新兴行业充满热情。动词bear意为“生育”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语those构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词作后置定语。故填born。【28题详解】考查现在分词。句意：在线招聘平台智联招聘和电商巨头阿里巴巴最近发布的一份报告显示，今年第三季度直播行业增长稳定，招聘岗位同比增长近12%。在with独立主格结构中，动词rise意为“上升”，和逻辑主语jobpostings构成主动关系，所以应用现在分词形式。故填rising。【29题详解】考查比较级。句意：这一增幅比其他行业平均高出约5个百分点。根据“thanforotherindustries”可知，此处应用比较级。故填higher。第二部分阅读理解（共两节，分）第一节（共10小题：每小题2分，共20分）【答案】30.D31.C32.D【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要是对2018年年度野生动物摄影师斯凯·米克尔的采访。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“ForSkye,photographyisnotjustaboutthecompetitionsenteredandwonbutalsotheplatformithimtocreateawarenessaboutournaturalworldandconservingitinthelongterm.(对斯凯来说，摄影不仅仅是参加和赢得的比赛，而且是一个平台，它提供给他创造对自然世界的认识，并长期保护它)”可知，斯凯认为摄影一个提高保护意识的地方。故选D。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据文章斯凯对主持人的第一个问题的回答“I'vebeenfortunateenoughthatparentsaresopassionateaboutthebushthatit'sjustaby-productofgoingonadventureswiththemthatI'vebeenabletopursuemyphotographybecauseit'snotsomethingthateverykidwilllike.IwantwildlifeSoit'squiteauniquesituationforme.It'ssomethingthatIhavebeenbroughtupandsomethingI'vebeenfortunatetoexperience.(我很幸运，我的父母对丛林充满热情，这只是我和他们一起探险的一个副产品，我能够继续我的摄影事业，因为这并不是每个孩子都会喜欢的事情。我想要野生动物摄影。所以这对我来说是一个非常独特的情况。这是我成长过程中很幸运的经历)”可知，和父母一起冒险使斯凯能够观察野生动物。故选C。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据文章斯凯对主持人的第二个问题的回答“Forme,theperfectshotisonewhereIfeelasifI'mnotreallythere.It'sonewheretheanimaliscomfortableenoughtobehaveasifI'mnotthere.Ilikefeelimmersedinthemomentcapturenatureatitsmostnatural.IliketofocusonwhatIwouldliketoseethemomentandwhatIfeel.inwinningpictureIthepeacetranquillityofthemoment,andthat'swhatItriedtocapture.(对我来说，最完美的镜头就是我感觉自己好像不在那里。这是一种动物很舒服，表现得好像我不存在一样。我喜欢沉浸在当下，捕捉大自然最自然的一面。我喜欢专注于当下我想看到的和我的感觉。所以，在我的获奖作品中，我看到了那一刻的平静与安宁，而这正是我想要捕捉的)”可知，斯凯成功的真正原因是他给动物拍了一张自然状态的照片。故选D。【答案】33.C34.C35.A【导语】本文为一篇说明文。介绍了艾萨克·阿西莫夫成为一名著名的科幻作家成功的原因。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“IfthereisonethingwecanconclusivelyaboutIsaacthathecouldwrite.Hisbodyofextendstoover500books.tothat,hewasneverboundtoaspecificfield.Althoughmostfamousasasciencefictionhealsopublishedonmanymoretopics.(关于艾萨克·阿西莫夫，如果有一件事我们可以肯定地说，那就是他会写作。他的著作超过500本。更重要的是，他从来没有被限制在一个特定的领域。虽然他最著名的是科幻作家，但他也发表了许多其他主题的作品)”可知，艾萨克·阿西莫夫是一位多产的科幻作家。故选。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“ThemarkofeducatedmindshasnothingtodowithhowtheyIthaseverythingdowiththewaytheyknowandthetheyaboutknowing.(受过教育的人的标志与他们知道多少无关。这与他们知道的方式和他们了解的方式有关)”可知，作者认为学习方法比知识本身更重要。故选C。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Partofthisrelatedgiftedmind,butabiggerpartwasthathewaswell-educated.(这部分与他的天赋有关，但更重要的是他受过良好的教育)”讲述的是艾萨克·阿西莫夫成功的原因之一；根据第三段“valuedlearningandyoutaughtmevalueit.OnceIlearnedtovalueit,therestcamewithouttrouble.(你重视学习，你也教会了我重视学习。一旦我学会珍惜它，剩下的一切就迎刃而解了)”是他成功的第二个原因。结合最后一段“ItwashisloveofGreekmythandhisreadingof18thand19th-centuryclassicsthatledtobecomeagreat正是他对希腊神话的热爱，以及他对1819世纪经典著作的阅读，使他成为了一位伟大的作家)”是艾萨克·阿西莫夫成功的另外一个原因。故可推知本文的目的是分析艾萨克·阿西莫夫成为一名科幻作家成功的原因。故选A。【答案】36.D37.A38.C39.B【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了烹饪有助于早期类祖先进化出了巨大的大脑。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Theypointoutthatourbiteweakenedaroundthesametimeasourbrainsevolved,andthatittakeslessabsorbnutrientsfromcookedfood.Asaresult,oncetheyhadmasteredtheart,earlychefscouldinvestlesstheirdigestivesystemsandthusinvesttheresultingsavingsbuildinglargerbrainscapableofcomplexthought.Thereis,aproblemwiththecookingMostarchaeologists(考古学家）believetheevidenceofcontrolledfirestretchesbacknomorethan790,000years”可知，他们（研究人员）指出，我们的咬合能力在大脑进化的同时减弱，从熟食中吸收营养所需的能量更少。因此，一旦掌握了这门艺术，早期的厨师就可以减少对消化系统的投资，从而将由此节省的能源投资于培养能够进行复杂思考的更大大脑，然而，烹饪理论有一个问题，大多数考古学家认为，控制火的证据可以追溯到不超过79万年前，由此可知，A、B、C三项可以支持烹饪理论，而D则不能，故D项正确。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“theresearchersfounddistinctivebutunusualbiologicalmolecules（分子）thatareofteninterpretedasbiomarkersforheat-tolerantbacteria.Someoftheseliveinwaterbetween85°Cand°C.Themolecules’presencesuggeststhatanancientriverwithinthewasoncebyoneormorehotsprings.”可知，研究人员发现了独特的生物分子，通常被解释为耐热细菌的生物标志物，其中一些生活在85°C到95°C之间的水中，这些分子的存在表明，峡谷内的一条古老河流曾经由一个或多个温泉提供水源，再结合第三段中的“Summonsandhiscolleaguesthehotspringswouldhaveprovidedaconvenient“pre-fire”meansofcookingfood.”可知，萨曼斯博士和他的同事们说，温泉可以提供一种方便的在使用火前烹饪食物的方法，由此可知，生物分子的存在很重要是因为它们显示了不用火做饭的可能方法，故A项正确。【38题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“InNewZealandtheMaorihavetraditionallycookedfoodhotsprings,eitherbyloweringitintotheboilingwaterorbydiggingaholethehotearth.SimilarmethodsexistinJapanandIceland”可知，在新西兰，毛利人有在温泉里煮食物的传统，他们要么把食物放入滚烫的水中，要么在滚烫的泥土上挖一个洞，类似的方法在日本和冰岛也存在，所以早期人类可能用温泉煮肉和树根是合理的，由此可知画线词词义为“合理的”，故C项正确。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Howandroughly2millionyearsago,earlyhumanancestorsevolvedbrainsandbeganfashioningrelativelyadvancedstonetools,isofthegreatmysteriesofevolution.Someresearchersthesechangeswerebroughtaboutbytheinventionofcooking.”可知，大约200万年前，人早期类祖先是如何和为何进化出了巨大的大脑，并开始形成相对先进的石器，这是进化的一大谜团，一些研究人员认为，这些变化是烹饪的发明带来的，再根据第三段中的“Summonsandhiscolleaguessaythehotspringswouldhaveprovidedaconvenient“pre-fire”meansofcookingfood.”可知，萨曼斯博士和他的同事们说，温泉可以提供一种方便的在使用火之前烹饪食物的方法，也就是说温泉是早期人类烹饪方法之一，由此可知，萨曼斯博士和他的同事们会得出这样的结论，即：温泉有助于解释人类的大脑是如何变得如此之大的，故B项正确。【点睛】本篇第3题词义猜测题的难度较大，抓住画线词前所举的事例是关键，根据画线词前的“InZealandtheMaorihavetraditionallycookedfoodinhotsprings,eitherbyloweringitintotheboilingwaterorbydiggingaholeinthehotearth.SimilarmethodsexistinJapanandIceland”可知，在新西兰，毛利人有在温泉里煮食物的传统，他们要么把食物放入滚烫的水中，要么在滚烫的泥土上挖一个洞