上海市浦东新区建平中学2019届高三上学期期中考试英语试卷(含解析)

PAGE上海市浦东新区建平中学2019届高三上学期期中考试英语试卷II.GrammarandvocabularySectionA1．Themama﹣bearinstinctMs．AngelaMcQueen，amathandPEteacheratMattoonHighSchool，Illinois，hasaroutinewhenshe'sonlunch﹣monitoringduty．She___1___（keep）aneyeonthehundredsofstudentsinherchargebywalkinglaps（圈）aroundtheschoolcafeteria．InSeptember2017，McQueen，then40，hadhardlyfinishedonelap___2___a14﹣year﹣oldfreshmanstandingnotfarfromherpulledoutagun．Sheknewtoowellthathewasgoingtostartshooting．Schoolemployees___3___（train）onhowtohandleactiveshooters：Attacktheirability___4___（aim）．Sowiththeshooter'sfingeronthetrigger，McQueenrushedtohim．___5___（grab）athisarm，sheforcedthegunintotheair，butnot___6___hestruckonestudentinthehandandchestandhurtanother．Asstudentsranfortheexits，McQueendefeatedtheshooterwithhelpfromtheschoolresourceofficer，___7___disarmedthestudentandtookhimintoimprisonmentuntilpolicearrivedminuteslater．Afterward，McQueenwentoutsidetogivehugsandsupporttohershakenstudents．"It'sthemama﹣bearinstinct，"shetoldthelocalpaper．"Idon'thavekidsofmyown，butthesearestill‘___8___'kids．"___9___McQueen，astorythathasplayedouttragicallyatfartoomanyschoolsacrossthecountryhadarelativelyhappyending．"Ifithadn'tbeenforher，thesituationwouldhavebeenalotdifferent，"PoliceChiefJeffBransonsaidatanewsconference．Asone___10___（impress）studenttoldCBSNews，"Mr．McQueenisourheroine．"【答案】1.keeps2.when3.hadbeentrained4.toaim5.grabbing6.before7.who8.my9.Thanksto10.impressed【解析】【分析】这是应用文。文章报道了伊利诺斯州马顿高中的数学和体育老师安吉拉麦昆(AngelaMcQueen)在有学生持枪杀人事件中的英勇事迹。【1题详解】考查时态。结合上下文可知，此处要用一般现在式，主语是she，谓语要用单三形式，故填keeps。【2题详解】考查按固定句型。haddone…when是固定句型，此处是when引导时间状语从句，故填when。【3题详解】考查时态和语态。根据上文可知，该事件发生在过去，老师接受培训属于过去的过去，用过去完成时，employees与train之间是被动关系，要用被动语态，故填hadbeentrained。【4题详解】考查非谓语动词。分析句式结构可知，设空处要做ability的定语，用不定式作后置定语，故填totrain。【5题详解】分析句子结构，此处是做其后的句子的状语，所给提示词是动词，此处做的是伴随状语，要用其现在分词形式，故填grabbing【6题详解】考查状语从句。根据下文持枪的学生打了一个学生的手和胸，可知，McQueen开始没能抓住学生的胳膊，即在抓住他的胳膊之前，他打了一个学生的手和胸，故填before。【7题详解】考查定语从句。这是个非限制性定语从句，先行词是officer，指人，从句中缺少主语，故填who。【8题详解】考查代词。根据上文的Idon’thavekidsofmyown可知，此处想要表达他们仍然是我的孩子，故填my。【9题详解】根据下文的假设，如果没有McQueen，这样的故事将有不同的结局，可知，此处想表达：多亏了McQueen，这个在全国太多学校上演的悲剧有一个相对幸福的结局。故填Thanksto。【10题详解】考查非谓语动词。设空后的student是名词，其前要用形容词修饰，提示词是动词，要用其非谓语形式作定语，student指人，用过去分词作定语修饰人，故填impressed。【点睛】非谓语动词是高考必考考点，也是贯穿整个高中阶段的重要知识内容，需要考生准确的把握住三种非谓语动词形式各自的特点和用法，此处考查的是现在分词作状语的用法，主要要求考生区别三种非谓语形式作状语。第4小题和10小题均考查非谓语动词的不定式和过去分词形式，都是非谓语动词作定语。SectionB2．Photographyisoftenperceivedasanobjective，andthereforeunbiased，mediumfordocumentingandpreservinghistoricmomentsandnationalandworldhistories，andforvisualizingandnarratingnewsstories．Butthechoicesmadebyaphotographer﹣includinghowtheimageis___11___，whatisleftinoroutoftheframe，andhowitmaybecropped，edited，orotherwisealteredafteritistaken﹣introduceapoint﹣of﹣viewintothephotographand___12___impacthowwereceiveandunderstandimages．Suchconsiderationsraisecriticalquestionsabouthowwillinglyweacceptanyonephotographasareflectionof___13___truth．Photographscanbear___14___tohistoryandevenserveascatalysts（催化剂）forchange．Theycanfostersympathyandraiseawarenessor，___15___，offercriticalcommentaryonhistoricalpeople，places，andevents．Throughoutthehistoryofthemedium，photographershaveaimedtocapturetheessenceofeventstheysawwiththeirowneyes﹣thoughthequestionofthetrustworthinessoftheirimagesisalwaysupfordebate．ThoughDorotheaLangehadbeenoperatingasuccessfulportraitstudioinSanFranciscosince1919，shewasmovedbythehomelesspeopleastheGreatDepressionbegantotakeitstoll，andshestartedphotographingthem．ThesephotographsledtoherbeinghiredbythefederalFarmSecurityAdministration（FSA），formedtoraiseawarenessofandprovideaidtopoorfarmers．LangecloselyidentifiedwiththeFSA'smission，whichwasto___16___theeffectsoftheDepressiononAmericans，bringingattentiontotheirstrugglessothatsucheventswouldneverrecur．DueinparttoherworkwiththeFSA，Langebecameknownasapioneerofdocumentaryphotography，a___17___shedislikedbecauseshefeltthetermdidnotreflectthepassionatesocialmotivationsthatfueledherwork．DorotheaLangetookthisphotographMigrantMother，Nipomo，Californiain1936，whileemployedbytheFSAprogram．InNipomo，California，LangecameacrossFlorenceOwensThompsonandherchildreninacampfilledwithfieldworkerswhoselivelihoodsweredevastatedbythefailureofthepeacrops．RecallingherencounterwithThompsonyearslater，shesaid，"Isawandapproachedthehungryanddesperatemother．IdonotrememberhowIexplainedmy___18___ormycameratoher，butIdoremembersheaskedmenoquestions．Imadefiveexposures，workingcloserandcloserfromthesamedirection．"Onephotographfromthatshoot，nowknownasMigrantMother，waswidely___19___tomagazinesandnewspapersandbecameasymboloftheplightofmigrantfarmworkersduringtheGreatDepression．AsLangedescribedThompson'ssituation，"Sheandherchildrenhadbeenlivingonfrozenvegetablesfromthefield．Yettheycouldnotmoveon，forshehadjustsoldthetiresfromthecartobuyfood．"However，Thompsonlater___20___Lange'saccount．Whenareporterinterviewedherinthe1970s，sheinsistedthatsheandLangedidnotspeaktoeachother，nordidshesellthetiresofhercar．ThompsonsaidthatLangehadeitherconfusedherforanotherfarmerorembellished（渲染）whatshehadunderstoodofhersituationinordertomakeabetterstory．【答案】11.B12.E13.A14.F15.C16.D17.K18.G19.I20.J【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。摄影被认为是一种客观的、不带偏见的用来记录和保存历史时刻、国家和世界历史，以及用来视觉化和叙述新闻故事的媒介。文章主要讲述了摄影对历史事件记录的影响，并以著名摄影师DorotheaLange为例子来说明其影响。【11题详解】考查动词含义及语态。首先，句意为"但是摄影师所做的选择——包括图象如何创作、什么在镜框内什么在镜框之外、如何修剪编辑……"；其次，该空在be动词之后，所以该空只能填名词、形容词或分词，composed意为"构成，写作，创作"，与be动词构成被动结构。结合句意，故选B。【12题详解】考查副词含义。首先，句意为"摄影师把某个观点引入到摄影作品里，这必然会影响我们如何接受和理解该摄影作品"；其次，该空需要一个副词来修饰impact，inevitably，意为"必然地，不可避免地"。结合句意，故选E。【13题详解】考查形容词含义。首先，句意为"这样的考虑会引起一些关于我们如何心甘情愿地接受任何一幅反应最终真实结果的摄影作品的关键性问题"；其次，该空需要一个形容词来修饰truth，definitive，意为"最后的，决定性的，限定的"。结合句意，故选A。【14题详解】考查名词含义。首先，句意为"摄影能支撑（即证明）历史的存在，甚至能充当变化的催化剂"；其次，该空需要一个名词来做bear的宾语，此处的bear为动词，意为"承受，承担，支撑"，presence意为"存在，出席，风度"。结合句意，故选F。【15题详解】考查副词含义。首先，句意为"摄影作品能够培养同情心和增强意识，或者，就历史上的人物、地点或事件提供关键性的评论"；其次，oralternatively意为"或者"，alternatively意为"或者，二者择一地"。结合句意，故选C。【16题详解】考查动词含义及todo。首先，句意为"这一任务将见证美国经济大萧条的影响"；其次，该空需要一个动词来与to构成不定式，witness意为"见证，目击"。结合句意，故选D。【17题详解】考查名词含义。首先，句意为"Lange被称作纪实摄影师﹣﹣一个她不喜欢的归类（因为她感觉这个术语不能反应给她工作带来热情的社会动机）"；其次，该空需要一个名词来做为a的修饰对象，classification意为"分类，归类，等级"。结合句意，故选K。【18题详解】考查名词含义。首先，句意为"我不记得我是如何向她展示我的证件和相机了"；其次，该空需要一个名词作为my的修饰对象，document意为"文件，公文，证件"。结合句意，故选G。【19题详解】考查固定短语。首先，句意为"被称作MigrantMother的作品被流传到许多杂志和报刊"；其次，becirculatedto…为固定短语，意为"流传到……，分发到……"。结合句意，故选I。【20题详解】考查动词含义。首先，句意为"然而，后来Thompson对Lange的叙述有所质疑"；其次，该空需要一个动词来充当谓语，contest意为"质疑，争辩"，contested为一般过去形式。结合句意，故选J。【点睛】解答此类题目可遵循以下步骤：第一步，通读全文，了解文章大意，获得整体印象，同时初选出一批较有把握的答案。第二步，边核对初选答案边补填留下的空格。如果短文难度较大，则可复读几遍，核对和确定答案。有些空一时决定不了，可作个记号，待复查时再确定。第三步，复查定稿。从整体理解角度出发，仔细审核答案，确保意义上、语法上没有错误，同时对遗留下来的少数几个空格作最后选择。III.ReadingcomprehensionSectionA3．VastpartsofEarthshouldbeleftwildToavoidmassextinctionsofplantsandanimals，governmentsshouldprotectathirdoftheoceansandlandby2030andhalfby2050，withafocusonareasofhighbiodiversity．SosayleadingbiologistsinaneditorialinthejournalScience．Thisisn'tjustaboutsavingbiodiverseareas，saysJonathanBaillieoftheNationalGeographicSociety，oneoftheauthors．Itisalsoaboutsavingourselvesbyprotecting___21___naturalsystems，orecosystems，andtheirbenefitstous，knownasecosystemservices．"Wearelearningthatthelargeareasthatremainareimportantforprovidingservicesforalllife．Theforests，forexample，are___22___forabsorbingandstoringcarbon，"saysBaillie．Atpresent，just3.6percentoftheplanet'soceansand14.7percentoflandisprotectedbylaw．Atthe2010NagoyaConferenceoftheConventiononBiologicalDiversity，governmentsagreedtoprotect10percentoftheoceansand17percentoflandby2020．Butthisisn'tnearlyenough，saysBaillie．Intheeditorial，heandhiscoauthor，Ya﹣PingZhangoftheChineseAcademyofSciences，wantgovernmentstosetmuchbigger___23___atthenextmajorconferenceonbiodiversityin2020．"Wehavetoenormously___24___ourambitionifwewanttoavoidanextinctioncrisisandifwewanttomaintaintheecosystemservicesthatwe___25___benefitfrom，"saysBaillie．"Thetrendsareina___26___direction，it'sjustwehavetomovemuchfaster．"Itishardtoworkouthowmuchspaceisneededtopreservebiodiversityandecosystem___27___，thepairsay，becausethereissomuchwedon'tknowaboutlifeonEarth﹣likehowmanyspeciesthereare．___28___，mostestimatessuggestthatbetween25and75percentofhighbiodiversityregionsormajorecosystemsshouldbeprotected．Therefore，we，includinggovernments，shouldbe___29___whensettinggoalsandstrategies．"Thereisnodoubtthatweneedfarmorelandandsea___30___forconservingandretainingnature，"saysJamesWatsonattheUniversityofQueenslandinAustralia．"Targetslike50percentareintherightballparkwhenitcomestotheminimal___31___ofareaneededtoconservebiodiversity．"ButWatsonandothersstressthatwhichareasgetprotectedisevenmoreimportantthantheoverallpercentage．"Thekeythingistoprotecttherightareas，"saysJoseMontoyaoftheStationforTheoreticalandExperimentalEcologyinMoulis，France．"Ifwe___32___protectaproportionoftheterritory，governmentswilllikelyprotectwhat'seasy，andthat'susuallyareasof___33___biodiversityandecosystemserviceprovision．"Infact，athirdofthe3.6percentoflandthatisalreadymeanttobeprotectedisactuallybeing___34___，Watson'steamreportedlastmonth．Soonly___35___areastobeprotectedisn'tenough．21.A.stricter B.wider C.safer D.simpler22.A.unique B.sufficient C.critical D.fit23.A.examples B.values C.awards D.objectives24.A.increase B.achieve C.lack D.frustrate25.A.barely B.currently C.roughly D.thoroughly26.A.opposite B.fixed C.complex D.positive27.A.approaches B.management C.benefits D.degradation28.A.Therefore B.Furthermore C.However D.Otherwise29.A.concerned B.changeable C.firm D.cautious30.A.deserted B.secured C.measured D.distributed31.A.damage B.cost C.amount D.standard32.A.completely B.merely C.virtually D.desperately33.A.mass B.tropical C.marine D.low34.A.exploited B.expanded C.restored D.discovered35.A.developing B.covering C.declaring D.utilizing【答案】21.B22.C23.D24.A25.B26.D27.B28.C29.A30.B31.C32.B33.D34.A35.C【解析】【分析】本文主要讲述为了避免动植物大规模灭绝，政府应该保护三分之一的海洋和海洋，到2030年为止，到2050年为一半，重点是生物多样性高的地区。【21题详解】考查形容词辨析。A.stricter更严格的；B.wider更宽广的；C.safer更安全的；D.simpler更简单的。根据上文Toavoidmassextinctionsofplantsandanimals，governmentsshouldprotectathirdoftheoceansandlandby2030andhalfby2050，withafocusonareasofhighbiodiversity可知为了避免动植物大规模灭绝，政府应该保护三分之一的海洋和海洋，到2030年为止，到2050年为一半，重点是生物多样性高的地区，说明我们应该保护更宽广的（wider）自然生态系统，故选B。【22题详解】考查形容词辨析。A.unique独一无二的；B.sufficient足够的；C.critical至关重要的；D.fit合适的。本句Theforests，forexample，are（2）forabsorbingandstoringcarbon，"saysBaillie。句意是例如，森林对于吸收和储存碳是至关重要的（critical），"Baillie说。故选C。【23题详解】考查名词辨析。A.examples例子；B.values价值；C.awards奖项；D.objectives目标。根据下文whensettinggoalsandstrategies。可知在设定目标和策略时。说明我们应该设定更大的目标（objective），故选D。【24题详解】考查动词辨析。A.increase增加；B.achieve获得；C.lack缺少；D.frustrate挫败。本句Wehavetoenormously（4）ourambitionifwewanttoavoidanextinctioncrisisandifwewanttomaintaintheecosystemservicesthatwe（5）benefitfrom，"可知如果我们想要避免灭绝危机，并且如果我们想维持我们目前受益的生态系统服务，我们必须极大地增加（increase）我们的雄心壮志，"故选A。【25题详解】考查副词辨析。A.barely几乎不；B.currently目前；C.roughly大略；D.thoroughly彻底地。本句Wehavetoenormously（4）ourambitionifwewanttoavoidanextinctioncrisisandifwewanttomaintaintheecosystemservicesthatwe（5）benefitfrom，"可知如果我们想要避免灭绝危机，并且如果我们想维持我们目前（currently）受益的生态系统服务，我们必须极大地增加我们的雄心壮志，"故选B。【26题详解】考查形容词辨析。A.opposite；B.fixed；C.complex；D.positive。根据下句it'sjustwehavetomovemuchfaster。"可知只是我们必须加快行动。"说明现在正朝着积极的（positive）方向前进，故选D。【27题详解】考查名词辨析。A.approaches；B.management；C.benefits；D.degradation。本句Itishardtoworkouthowmuchspaceisneededtopreservebiodiversityandecosystem（7），句意是很难确定需要多少空间来保护生物多样性和生态系统管理（management），故选B。【28题详解】考查副词辨析。A.Therefore；B.Furthermore；C.However；D.Otherwise。本句becausethereissomuchwedon'tknowaboutlifeonEarth﹣likehowmanyspeciesthereare。（8），mostestimatessuggestthatbetween25and75percentofhighbiodiversityregionsormajorecosystemsshouldbeprotected。句意是因为有太多我们不了解地球上的生命﹣就像有多少物种一样。但是，大多数估计表明应该保护25%到75%的高生物多样性地区或主要生态系统。上下句是转折关系，故选C。【29题详解】考查形容词辨析。A.concerned；B.changeable；C.firm；D.cautious。本句Therefore，we，includinggovernments，shouldbe（9）whensettinggoalsandstrategies。句意：因此，在制定目标和战略时，我们（包括政府）都应该关注（concerned）。故选A。【30题详解】考查动词辨析。A.deserted；B.secured；C.measured；D.distributed。本句Thereisnodoubtthatweneedfarmorelandandsea（10）forconservingandretainingnature，"句意是毫无疑问，我们需要更多的土地和海洋来保护自然，"故选B。【31题详解】考查名词辨析。A.damage；B.cost；C.amount；D.standard。根据上句Thereisnodoubtthatweneedfarmorelandandsea可知我们需要更多的土地和海洋来保护自然，本句是指的最少量（amount）的土地和海洋，故选C。【32题详解】考查副词辨析。A.completely；B.merely；C.virtually；D.desperately。本句"Ifwe（12）protectaproportionoftheterritory，governmentswilllikelyprotectwhat'seasy，andthat'susuallyareasof（13）biodiversityandecosystemserviceprovision。"句意是"如果我们只是（merely）保护一部分领土，政府可能会保护容易的东西，而这通常是生物多样性和生态系统服务供应不足的地区。"故选B。【33题详解】考查形容词辨析。A.mass；B.tropical；C.marine；D.low。本句"Ifwe（12）protectaproportionoftheterritory，governmentswilllikelyprotectwhat'seasy，andthat'susuallyareasof（13）biodiversityandecosystemserviceprovision。"句意是"如果我们只是保护一部分领土，政府可能会保护容易的东西，而这通常是生物多样性和生态系统服务供应不足的（low）地区。"故选D。【34题详解】考查动词辨析。A.exploited；B.expanded；C.restored；D.discovered。本句Infact，athirdofthe3.6percentoflandthatisalreadymeanttobeprotectedisactuallybeing（14），Watson'steamreportedlastmonth．句意是事实上，已经意图受到保护的3.6%的土地中有三分之一实际上正在被剥削（exploited），Watson的团队上个月报告说。故选A．【35题详解】考查动词辨析。A.developing；B.covering；C.declaring；D.utilizing根据上句Infact，athirdofthe3.6percentoflandthatisalreadymeanttobeprotectedisactuallybeing（14），可知事实上，已经意图受到保护的3.6%的土地中有三分之一实际上正在被剥削，说明因此，仅声明要保护的区域是不够的。故选C．【点睛】完型填空题的命题趋势解题步骤：1．通读全文，理解大意．重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。2．瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。3．复读全文，解决残敌．借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。4．再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文连贯。SectionBThesummerIturned16，myfathergavemehis‘69ChevyMalibuconvertible（敞篷车）．BeautifullyrepaintedwithV﹣8engine﹣itwasagiftwastedonmeatthatage．WhatdidIknowaboutclassiccars？TheimportantthingwasthatHannahandIcoulddrivearoundTucsonwiththetopdown．Hannahwasmybestfriend，ayearyoungerbutmuchtaller，almostfivefootten．"Hannah'sgoingtobesomething，"mymotheralwayssaid．Andsureenough，thatsummershesignedwithamodelingagency．Shewasalreadydoingcatalogandrunwaywork．Amonthaftermybirthday，HannahandIwenttothemovies．Onthewayhome，westoppedattheMcDonald'sdrive﹣through，puttingthefriesontheseatbetweenustoshare．"Let'sridearoundawhile，"Isaid．Itwasaclearnight，oven﹣warm，fullmooncastlowoverthedesert．Takingacurvetoofast，Ihitapatchofdirtandslidfromsidetoside．Ithencutthroughaneighbor'slandscapewallanddroveintoafull﹣grownpalm．Thefrontwheelscametoresthalfwayupthetreetrunk．Frenchfriesonthefloor，thedash，andmylap．AnimpossibleamountofbloodonHannah'sface，piecesofskinhangingintohereyes．Theytookusinseparateambulances．Intheemergencyroom，myparentsspokequietly：Bestplasticsurgeoninthecity．Endofhermodelingcareer．We'dbeenwearinglegbelts，butthecardidn'thaveshoulderbands．I'ddamagedmycheekboneonthewheel；Hannah'sforeheadhadsplitwideopenonthedash．WhatwouldIsaytoher？Whenhermother，Sharon，cameintomyhospitalroom，Istartedtocry，preparingmyselfforheranger．Shesatbesidemeandtookmyhand．"Ihitmybestfriend'scarintherearwhenIwasyourage，"shesaid．"Iwreckedhercarandmine．""I'msosorry，"Isaid．"You'rebothalive，"shesaid．"Therestiswindowdressing．"Istartedtoprotest，andSharonstoppedme．"Iforgiveyou．Hannahwilltoo．"Sharon'sforgivenessallowedHannahandmetogetbackinthecartogetherthatsummer，tostayfriendsthroughouthighschoolandcollege，tobeineachother'sweddings，andtowatchmyfourteenagersgetalongwithherthreeyoungerchildren．IthinkofhergiftofforgivenesseverytimeI'mtemptedtoblamesomeoneinasecretforsomethingrecognizedaswrong．AndwheneverIseeHannah，thescarsaresofadedthatnooneelsewouldnotice，butinthesunlightIcanstillseethefaintshimmer（微光）justbelowherhairline﹣forme，asignofgrace．36.WhichofthefollowingaboutHannahisTRUEaccordingtothepassage？A.Shewasnotasbadlyinjuredastheauthor．B.Sheneverreallyforgavemethoughhermotherdid．C.Shelearnedthegiftofforgivenessthroughtheaccident．D.Shecouldhavebeenamodelifshehadn'texperiencedtheaccident．37.Inparagraph4，"windowdressing"isclosestinmeaningto""．A.insignificantB.colorfulC.undeterminedD.hopeful38.Accordingtothepassage，Sharoncomfortedtheauthorby．A.showingherownscarB.mentioningherownstoryC.visitingtheauthorinpersonD.teachingtheauthorapersonallesson39.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthearticle？A.AGracefulFriendB.ALastingFriendshipC.ALuckyCarAccidentD.TheGiftofForgiveness【答案】36.D37.A38.B39.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和朋友开车出了车祸，朋友和她妈妈对作者的谅解让作者终生受益。【36题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中thatsummershesignedwithamodelingagency.Shewasalreadydoingcatalogandrunwaywork.和第五段的Intheemergencyroom,myparentsspokequietly:Bestplasticsurgeoninthecity.Endofhermodelingcareer.可知，Hannsh已经和模特公司签约，这次事故结束了她的模特生涯，即如果没有这次事故，她本可以成为模特的，故选D。【37题详解】词义猜测题。根据上文汉娜的妈妈说的话“You’rebothalive”可知，此处应是表达：你们俩都活着，其它的都不重要了，结合四个选项：A.insignificant不重要的；B.colorful多彩的；C.undetermined为确定的；D.hopeful有希望的，故选A。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据第七段的Shesatbesidemeandtookmyhand.“Ihitmybestfriend’scarintherearwhenIwasyourage,”shesaid.“Iwreckedhercarandmine.”可知，Sharon是给作者讲述自己曾发生的一件类似的经历，以此来安慰作者。故选A。【39题详解】主旨大意题。文章开头讲述可作者和朋友开车出了事故，最后作者朋友的妈妈对作者的宽恕让作者在今后的人生里每每要责备别人时都会想起Sharon的宽恕，这种宽恕对作者来说是一种礼物，因此本文的标题用“宽恕的礼物”非常合适，故选B。【点睛】阅读理解常从细节理解，推理判断，主旨大意，词义猜测四个方面出题。推理判断类题信息含量大，可能是文中的某句话也可能是几句话，要求考生在原文的基础上对文章中的信息进行分析、逻辑推理，揭示其深层含义，属于难度较高的题型。它常常从细节推断；文章来源或对象类推断；写作意图类推断和态度倾向类推断四个方向进行考查。推理判断题常用的方法有1.抓住特定的信息进行正向或逆向推理。2.整合全文信息进行推断。3.根据上下文的逻辑进行推理得出结论。在做题中要注意那些张冠李戴、颠倒是非、无中生有、曲解文意、扩缩范围的干扰项。本文中的第1小题属于推理判断题，第1小题是细节推断题，需要文中给定的信息进行正向推断，需要结合文中第二段和第五段两处的细节进行推断。Makingtheseeasytaskspartofyourmorningschedulewillimproveyournutrition，energy，andmoodtoday﹣andbeyond．6：00a．m．STRETCHINBEDTrythisevenbeforeyouopenyoureyes．Liftonearmandbeginbystretchingeachfinger，thenyourhand，thenyourwrist，andthenyourwholearm．Moveontotheotherarm．Thenstretchyourtoes，feet，ankles，andlegs．Finally，endwithaneckandbackstretchthatpropelsyououtofbed．You'vejustlimberedupyourmusclesandjointsandenhancedbloodflowthroughoutyourbody，providingashotofoxygentoallyourtissues．Takeuptheentirelengthofthebedwhenyoustretch．AccordingtoHarvardUniversitypsychologistAmyCuddy，thisdisplayofpoweristypicalofaboldperson，makingyoufeelmoreconfidentalldaylong．7：00a．m．EXERCISEABIT﹣ONANEMPTYSTOMACHWorkingoutbeforeyoueat，researcherssay，encouragesyourbodytoburnmorefatforenergyratherthanrelyingoncarbohydratesfromfood．InaJournalofPhysiologystudy，participantswhoexercisedafterbreakfaststillgainedweight（asdidacontrolgroupwhodidn'texercise），butthosewhoexercisedonanemptystomachdidnot．Moreover，researchfromtheUniversityofVermontshowsthatthemood﹣enhancingbenefitsofa20﹣minuteworkoutcanlastfor12hours，aboostyou'llwanttoenjoyalldaylong．BREAKYOURFASTTWICEBreakfastisthemostimportantmealoftheday，sowhynothavetwo？AstudypublishedinthejournalPediatricObesitytrackedtheweightandbreakfast﹣eatingpatternsof584studentsovertwoyears．Theyfoundthatfrequentbreakfastskippersshowedincreasedoddsofbecomingoverweightorobesecomparedwiththosewhoatetwobreakfasts（oneathomeandoneatschool）．Thesensibletakeaway：Ifyoueatmoreinthemorning，you'llbelesslikelytosnackatnight，whenit'shardertoburnoffcalories．8：00a．m．SEEKOUTGOODNEWSIna2015study，researchersaskedonegroupofparticipantstowatchjustthreeminutesofpositive，solutions﹣focusednews（suchasavideoofa70﹣year﹣oldmanwhogothisgraduationcertificateafterfailingthetestdozensoftimes）．Theseparticipantswere27percentmorelikelytoreportafewhourslaterthattheirdayhadbeen"happy"thanpeoplewhowatchednegativenewsinthemorning．StudyauthorGielanalsocitedsubstantialevidencethatnegativemoodsaffectworkplaceperformance．Voila!You'veimprovedyourstateofmind，yourhealth，andyourproductivity﹣allbeforetheweekdayhasevenbegun．Nowyou'rereadytoconqueryourto﹣dolistfortodayandeveryday．40.Thearticleiswrittento．A.giveprofessionalguidanceonkeepingfitB.revealsomeresearchresultsabouthealthC.putforwardseveralsuggestionsformorningroutinesD.offersometipsonhowtoimproveworkplaceperformance41.Itissuggestedthatyoushouldoccupytheentirebedwhenyoustretchbecauseitespecially．A.increasesyourconfidenceB.helpsyououtofbedeasilyC.stimulatesyourbloodcirculationD.hasaneffectonyouroverallhealth42.Whoisleastlikelytogainweightaccordingtothearticle？A.Thosewhoskipbreakfastsfrequently．B.Thosewhodomorningstretchinginbed．C.Thosewhohavedoublebreakfastsinthemorning．D.Thosewhohavetheirbreakfastbeforemorningexercise．【答案】40.C41.A42.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。为了增加营养、提高精力和改善心情，作者对如何安排早晨日程提出了一些建议。【40题详解】推理判断题。由“6:00a.m.STRETCHINBED.7:00a.m.EXERCISEABIT--ONANEMPTYSTOMACH.8:00a.m.SEEKOUTGOODNEWS”可知，作者对早晨日常安排提出了几点建议。故C选项正确。【41题详解】细节理解题。由6:00a.m.STRETCHINBED中的“Takeuptheentirelengthofthebedwhenyoustretch.AccordingtoHarvardUniversitypsychologistAmyCuddy,thisdisplayofpoweristypicalofaboldperson,makingyoufeelmoreconfidentalldaylong”可知，伸展时你应该占据整个床，这样会增加你的自信。故A选项正确。【42题详解】推理判断题。由BREAKYOURFASTTWICE中的“Theyfoundthatfrequentbreakfastskippersshowedincreasedoddsofbecomingoverweightorobesecomparedwiththosewhoatetwobreakfasts(oneathomeandoneatschool).”可知，他们发现，与那些吃了两份早餐（一份在家里，一份在学校）的人相比，经常不吃早餐的人超重或肥胖的几率更大。所以，那些吃了两份早餐的人最不容易增肥。故C选项正确。Whatisthesinglemosteffectivewaytoreducegreenhouse﹣gasemissions？Govegetarian？ReplanttheAmazon？Cycletowork？Noneoftheabove．Theansweris：makeair﹣conditionersradicallybetter．Ononecalculation，replacingrefrigerants（制冷剂）thatdamagetheatmospherewouldreducetotalgreenhousegasesbytheequivalentof90bntonsofCO2by2050．Makingtheunitsmoreenergy﹣efficientcoulddoublethat．Air﹣conditioningisoneoftheworld'sgreatoverlookedindustries．Automobilesandair﹣conditionerswereinventedatroughlythesametime，andbothhavehadahugeimpactonwherepeopleliveandwork．Unlikecars，though，air﹣conditionershavedrawnlittlecriticismfortheirsocialimpact，emissionsorenergyefficiency．Mosthotcountriesdonothaverulestogoverntheirenergyuse．Yetair﹣conditioninghasdonequitealotofthingstobenefithumankind．IthastransformedproductivityinthetropicsandhelpedturnsouthernChinaintotheworkshopoftheworld．InEurope，itsspreadhaspusheddownheat﹣relateddeathstentimeslessthanwhatitwasin2003，whenaround70，000people，mostofthemelderly，diedinaheatwave．Forchildren，air﹣conditionedclassroomsanddormitoriesareassociatedwithbettergradesatschool．Environmentalistswhocallair﹣conditioning"aluxurywecannotafford"havehalfapoint，however．Inthenexttenyears，asmanyair﹣conditionerswillbeinstalledaroundtheworldaswereputinbetween1902（whenair﹣conditioningwasinvented）and2005．Untilenergycanbeproducedwithoutcarbonemissions，theseextramachineswillwarmtheworld．Atthemoment，therefore，air﹣conditionerscreateaviciouscycle．ThemoretheEarthwarms，themorepeopleneedthem．Butthemorethereare，thewarmertheworldwillbe．Cuttingtheimpactofcoolingrequiresthreethings（beyondturningupthethermostat（温度调节器）tomakeroomslessArctic）．First，air﹣conditionersmustbecomemuchmoreefficient．Themostenergy﹣efficientmodelsonthemarkettodayconsumeonlyaboutone﹣thirdasmuchelectricityasaverageones．Minimumenergy﹣performancestandardsneedtoberaised，orintroducedincountriesthatlackthemaltogether，topushtheaverageunit'sperformanceclosertothestandardofthebest．Next，manufacturesshouldstopusingdamagingrefrigerants．Onecategoryofthese，hydrofluorocarbons，isover1，000timesworsethancarbondioxidewhenitcomestotrappingheatintheatmosphere．Aninternationaldealtophaseoutthesepollutants，calledtheKigaliamendment，willcomeintoforcein2019．Foot﹣draggersshouldapproveandimplementit；Americaisonecountrythathasnotdoneso．Last，morecouldbedonetodesignoffices，mallsandevencitiessotheydonotneedasmanyair﹣conditionersinthefirstplace．Morebuildingsshouldbebuiltwithoverhangingroofsorbalconiesforshade，orwithnaturalair﹣circulation．Simplypaintingroofswhitecanhelpkeeptemperaturesdown．Bettermachinesarenecessary．Butcoolingasanoverallsystemneedstobeimprovedifair﹣conditionersistofulfillitspromisetomakepeoplehealthier，wealthierandwiser，withouttoohighanenvironmentalcost．Providingindoorsheltersofair﹣conditionedcomfortneednotcomeattheexpenseofanoverheatingworld．43.Whydoestheauthorthinkair﹣conditi