2023年人教版中考英语复习语法专题5：介词 讲义

语法专题：介词【考点点拨】介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词。一般位于名词或代词之前，在句中不单独作任何成分。介词本身有独立的含义，但意义不够完整，在句中使用时，后面必须接宾语构成介词短语后，才能表达完整的意义。【考点1】表时间的介词1.at,in,on表示时间的区别介词用法举例at,in,onat表示某一时刻_______7:00_______themorning_______Tuesday_______February_______spring_______2000_______acoldmorning_______themorningofMay1ston表示具体某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午和晚上in表示月份、季节、年份、世纪、上午、下午、晚上【注意】(1)在以this,that,next,last,tomorrow,yesterday等开始的表示时间的单词或词组前不用介词。IwillgotoBeijing______________________.下周我将去北京。2.in,after表示时间的区别介词用法举例in,afterafter指时间“在……以后”(1)接时间段时,多和一般过去时连用(2)接时间点时,多和一般将来时连用Iwillcomeback_______threedays.Theycameback_______twodays.Theywillbefree_______2o'clockthisafternoon.“in+时间段”表示从现在算起到若干时间以后,意为“在……时间后”,用于一般将来时3.for,since,from表示时间的区别介词用法举例for“for+一段时间”意为“已经多长时间了”,强调某动作或状态持续了多长时间,可与过去、现在、将来等多种时态连用,谓语动词只能用延续性动词Shehasworkedthere_____fouryears.Greatchangeshavetakenplace______heleft.Studentsgotoschool_______MondaytoFriday.since(1)用作介词时,意为“自从,自……以后”,指从某一时间一直延续至今,后接时间点,通常与完成时连用(2)用作连词,用来引导一个时间状语从句fromfrom(from…to…)表示开始的时间,意为“从……”(“从……到……”),谓语可用过去、现在或将来时态4.until/till表示“到……为止,直到……之时,直至”谓语动词是延续性动词,常用在肯定句中，用till/untilYou’dbetterstayinbed___tomorrow.谓语动词是非延续性动词,常用在否定句中not…until…意为“直到……才……”Ididn’tgotobed______elevenlastnight.【考题链接】()1.Theplanewilltakeoff________threehours.Imustgettotheairportrightnow.A.inB.forC.onD.at()2.Ioftengetupathalfpastseven________Saturdaymorning.A.inB.forC.onD.at()3.Theweddingpartywillbe________themorningofSundayJanuary8th________10:00.in;atB.on;atC.on;in()4.MyfriendAlicewasborn_______asummerevening_________July,1999.in;inB.in;atC.on;atD.on;in()5.—Juniorhighschooldayswillbeover_______aweek．Howareyoufeeling？—I’mtryingtokeepmycoolbecausewe’vebeentogether________threeyears．A．in；inB．for；inC．in；forD．for；for【考点2】表地点和方位的介词1.in,at,onin表示地点,意为“在……内”,用于内部Heputhishands_______hispockets.他把手放进口袋Therewasacarpet______thefloor.地板上铺着一块地毯Iarrived______thestationat7:00.我7点钟到车站的Hewasborn_____Wuhan.他出生在武汉_____thetable在桌子旁边on意为“在……上面”,用于表面接触,指在一个平面上at表示“在某地”时,at后接小地方,in后接大地方表示“在……旁边”2.between,amongbetween表示“在(两者)之间”常用词组:between…and…Iwillbeback___________fiveandsix.我将在5点到6点之间回来Themanwhoisstanding_______thestudentsisLily’sfather.站在学生之间的是莉莉的父亲among表示“在(三者或三者以上)之间”3.through,across,crossthrough介词,纵穿(从空间穿过)Thesoldierswent_________theforest.那些士兵穿过树林了Heiswalking__________thestreet.他正在横穿马路Heis__________thestreet.他正在横穿马路across介词,横穿(横过某个平面)cross动词,横穿(横过某个平面)4.infrontof,inthefrontofin

front

of表示“在……的前面(范围外)”Therearesometrees____________________theclassroom.教室前面有一些树。in

the

front

of表示“在……的前部(范围内)”Ourteacherusuallysits____________________theclassroom.我们的老师经常坐在教室的前面。【考题链接】()1.—Whendidyourfatherarrive______Beijing?—Hearrived______themorningofJanuaryl3th.A.at;inB.in;inC.to:onD.in;on()2.ArecentstudyinAustraliashowsthatparentsare_______thetopfiveworld'shardestjobs.A.betweenB.amongC.fromD.above()3.Firstgo_______thevillageandthenwalk_______thebridge.Youcanfindhimonthefarm.A.across;throughB.through;acrossC.through:throughD.across;across()4.—Whyareyoustanding,Alice?—Ican’tseetheblackboardclearly.Twotallboysaresitting_______me.A.behind.B.nexttoC.betweenD.infrontof()5.MrWuisstanding_________theclassroom.Thereisateacher’sdesk_________him.[来源:学|科|网Z|A.infrontof;infrontof B.inthefrontof;inthefrontofC.infrontof;inthefrontof D.inthefrontof;infrontof[来源:【考点3】表方式和工具的介词1.by,in,on表交通方式用by时,交通工具前不用任何限定词;用on或in时,交通工具前要用限定词。如:Jennygoestoschool_______bike.詹妮骑自行车去上学。(bybike=_______abike)Mr.Greengoestowork_______car.格林先生开车去上班。(bycar=_______acar)2.by,in,with表示手段或工具(1)with后跟具体的工具。如:Ioftendomyhomework_______apen.我经常用钢笔做作业。(2)in表示使用某种语言或使用某种材料,语言、材料前不加冠词。如:Canyouspeakit_______English?你能用英语说吗?(3)by表示用某种方式或手段,在名词前不加冠词,若后接动词,需将动词变为动名词形式。如:Thispairofshoesismade_______hand.这双鞋是手工做的。Hemakesaliving_______teaching.他靠教书为生。表示用某种方式，后可接表示交通工具、手段、通讯方式等名词Ioftenwatchfootballgames______TV.【考题链接】()1.—Kelly,who’sthegirl_____glassesinthephoto?—It’sme.Iusedtowearglassesandhavelonghair.A.byB.ofC.onD.with()2.MoYan'sbooksareverypopular,Youcanfindtheyareonsale_____manylanguages.A.inB.toC.withD.at()3.—Hownicethefishtastes!Couldyoutellmewhotaughtyoutocookit?—Tobehonest,IlearntitwatchingTV.IlearntocookmanydishesTV.A.by;inB.by;onC.in;onD.in;in【考点4】其他常见介词介词用法举例against表示“反对”“违背”,其反义词为for若表示“强烈反对”,一般与副词strongly搭配短语playagainst意为“与··...·对抗或比赛”Theyarestrongly_________theidea.他们强烈反对这个意见。like意为“像……一样”,用于说明相似关系Hetalkedtome______myfather.他像父亲那样跟我谈话。as意为“作为,以……的身份”后跟表示职业、职务、身份的名词Heworks____ateacherinaschool.我们选他当我们的队长。except表示“除……之外(不包括在内)”,是从整体中除去一部分Weareallhere________LiMing.除了李明之外,我们都在这里。with表示伴随,也表示“和……一起，穿戴”Shelives_______herparents.她同父母住在一起。without表示“没有”Heleft__________sayingaword.他什么也没有说就离开了。for(1)表示目的,意为“为了”Let’sgo_____awalk.让我们去散步吧。(2)表原因、理由Guangzhouisfamous_____itsdeliciousfood.广州因为它的美食而出名。(3)表用途、对象Ithinkdrinkingmilkisgood_____ourhealth.我认为喝牛奶对我们的健康有好处。of意为“...的”，表示属于关系window____room房间的窗户importance______learningEnglish学习英语的重要性【注意】Itis+adj(修饰事物的特征)+forsbtodosth.对某人来说，做某事是...的Itis+adj(修饰人的品质)+ofsbtodosth.某人做某事是...的Itiskind______youtohelpme.Itisimportant______ustolearnEnglishwell.【考题链接】()1.—Alice,wouldyouliketogohikingwithus?—Whatapity!I'mfreeeveryday_______today.A.forB.exceptC.besidesD.among()2.Ourclassaremuchsuretowinthefootballgame_______ClassThree.A.ofB.inC.againstD.from()3.Ieatrice_______beefandpotatoes.It’sdelicious.

A.in B.on C.with D.for()4.ThankstothevideoVisitingtheWorldOnline,wecanenjoythesights_______leavinghome.

with B.by C.without D.against()5.Mostpeopleare____buildingapaperfactorynearhere.Theyareworriedtheriverwillgetpolluted.A.forB.withC.againstD.beyond()6.Couldyoupleasegivemeahand?Ican’tcompletethetaskontime______yourhelp.A.withoutB.underC.withD.for()7.Itiscareless______himtolosehiswalletagain.Ithinkitnecessary______himtobecarefulnexttime.A.of;to B.of;for C.for;for[来D.for;of【考点5】介词短语1.介词与动词的常见搭配listen______听laugh______嘲笑get______到达get______/______上车/下车 look______寻找 wait______等待hear______收到……的来信 worry______担心 think______想起,认为look______照顾,照料 turn______/______打开/关掉 agree______同意(某人)deal______对付,处置 depend______依靠 regard…______…把…当作…pay______付款knock______敲 ask______请求,向……要comeup_________想出getalong________和...相处的好2.介词与形容词的常见搭配befond______喜欢 beready______为……做好准备 bebusy______忙于belate______迟到beafraid______害怕 begood______擅长于 befull______装满beproud______为...而自豪bethesame_______和...相同bedifferent________与...不同besimilarto_______和...相似3.介词与名词的常见搭配______bike/bus/train骑自行车/乘公共汽车/乘火车________one’shelp在某人的帮助下________one’shelp没有某人的帮助________one’swayto在某人去……的路上 ________time准时________one’ssurprise使某人惊奇的是 ________foot步行________theendof在……尽头,末尾 ________theageof在……岁时allkinds_______各种各样的【考题链接】()1.GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinXiangyang.Weareall________theachievements.A.knownasB.proudofC.similartoD.goodwith()2.________hissurprise,hecouldenterthatuniversitywithahighgrade!A.WithB.ForC.ByD.To()3.________theageofthirty,PeggywenttotheUSAtolookforajob.A.OnB.AtC.FromD.By()4.—Theboxistooheavytocarry.What'sinit?—Oh,itis________books.A.filledwithB.coveredwithC.usedforD.askedfor()5.Thesmileonherfaceshowsthatsheis______herworkA.worriedaboutB.pleasedwithC.sorryforD.afraidof()6.Peopleregarddrinkingtea________aculturemorethanahabit.A.asB.byC.ofD.with()7.Mymothersaysmyfriendissimilar_____me,butIthinksheisdifferent____me.A.as;fromB.to;fromC.to;toD.as;to()8._____thehelpoftheInternet,newscanreacheverycorneroftheworldquickly.A.UnderB.WithC.onD.Without【考点6】介词短语辨析1.befamousfor.befamousas,befamousto(1)befamous_______(+sth)意为“因...而闻名、出名”，后接.(2)befamous_______意为“作为...而出名”，后接职业或sth.。(3)befamous_______意为“广为人知，大家都熟悉的”，后接sb.如:NewYorkisfamous______itshighbuildings.LuXunisfamous______awriter.LiuYifeiisfamous______mostyoungpeople.2.bemadeof,bemadefrom,bemadeby,bemadein“bemade______+材料”，意为“由···.··制成”，能看见原材料。(2)“bemade______+材料”，意为“由·.....制成”，看不见原材料(3)“bemade______+人”，意为“由某人制造”(4)“bemade______+地方”，意为“在某地制造”如:Thetableismade______wood.Everyoneknowsthatpaperismade______wood.Thetablewasmade______myfatheryearsago.Thecarismade______China.【考题链接】()1.TF-boysarefamous______theirsongs.A.forB.withC.asD.from()2.Thisbottleofwine(酒)ismade_______grapesanditismade_______France.A.of;inB.from;ofC.from;inD.in;from【真题回顾】一、语法选择()1.—Howsoonwillwegettheofferfromanewhighschool?—__________abouttwomonths.

A.In B.For C.Among D.During()2.Early________asunnymorning,Davidandhisdonkeysstopatariver…

A.in B.on C.at D.for()3.Thebridgeruns__________twomountains.

A.at B.under C.among D.between()4.—Whyareyoustanding,Alice?—Ican’tseetheblackboardclearly.Twotallboysaresitting__________me.

A.behind B.nextto C.between D.infrontof()5.Ithinkteawilltastebetter________somemilkinit.

A.for B.with C.from D.at()6.Judie’sclasswasstudyingChineseculture.Oneday,herteacherwentintotheclassroom________somekites.

to B.in C.with D.by()7.Thebridgeruns________twomountains.

at B.under C.among D.between()8.It'sverykind_____youtolendmeyourreusableshoppingbags.A.ofB.forC.to