外研版高三英语一轮复习板块一第1讲名词和数词课件

第二部分语法考点突破板块一词形的变换第1讲名词和数词题型高考典题命题角度语法填空1．(2023·全国甲卷)Fableswerepartoftheoraltraditionofmanyearlycultures，andthewell-knownAesop'sfablesdatetothe_____(six)centuryB.C.2．(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Theyalsoneedtobereadytogive___________(interview)inEnglishwithinternationaljournalists．3．(2021·全国甲卷)Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours，butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesand_____________(watchtower)totakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeoplegoingabouttheirdailyroutines．4．(2020·浙江7月卷)Later，theylearnedtoworkwiththe_______(season)，plantingattherighttimeand，indryareas，makinguseofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields．5．(2020·浙江1月卷)ForJapan，the________(number)aremorestriking—22in1950，46todayand53in2050．1．给出名词的单数形式，考查其复数形式；2．给出数词的基数词形式，考查其序数词形式。sixthinterviewswatchtowersseasonsnumbers考点一名词的数变化规则例子一般情况加-smap→maps；girl→girls；house→houses以-th结尾的，加-smonth→months；truth→truths以-s，-x，-sh，-ch结尾的，加-esclass→classes；box→boxes；brush→brushes；match→matches注意：stomach(胃)的复数是stomachs；ox(公牛)的复数是oxen1．名词单数变复数的规则变化变化规则例子以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的，变y为i再加-escity→cities；country→countries；party→parties；factory→factories注意：以“元音字母＋y”结尾的则直接加-s，如boy→boys；toy→toys以“辅音字母＋o”结尾的，一般加-estomato→tomatoes；potato→potatoes；hero→heroes注意：1．少数名词加-s或-es均可，如volcano→volcano(e)s；mosquito→mosquito(e)s；mango→mango(e)s2．少数名词只加-s，如piano→pianos；photo→photos变化规则例子以“元音字母＋o”结尾的，加-sradio→radios；zoo→zoos；bamboo→bamboos以-f，-fe结尾的，通常变f或fe为v，再加-eshalf→halves；leaf→leaves；shelf→shelves；thief→thieves；wolf→wolves；wife→wives；life→lives；knife→knives注意：1．也有的直接加-s，如roof→roofs；chief→chiefs2．还存在有两种复数形式的，如handkerchief→handkerchiefs/handkerchieves变化规则例子合成名词变复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变成复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变成复数son-in-law→sons-in-lawpasser-by→passers-bystoryteller→storytellersgo-between→go-betweensgrown-up→grown-ups变化规则例子特殊变化child→children；foot→feet；tooth→teeth；mouse→mice；man→men；woman→women注意：由man或woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women，如anEnglishman→twoEnglishmen；但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans有些名词的单复数有不同的拼写方法细菌bacterium(单数)→bacteria(复数)；资料、数据datum(单数)→data(复数)；现象phenomenon(单数)→phenomena(复数)2．名词单数变复数的不规则变化1．The______(piano)intheothershopwillbecheaper，buttheyarenotasgood．2．Thehotelhasbeenorderedtoclosebecauseitisoverrunby_____(mouse)andrats．3．Herehesat，withhispipebetweenhis_____(tooth)andbothhandsrestingonhisknees．4．Policewerereportedtohaveseizedall______(copy)ofthismorning'seditionofthenewspaper．5．Thepaperwasusedforsealingupholesinwallsand_____(roof)inthecoldandfreezingwinter．pianosmiceteethcopiesroofs6．Manyfarmersopposedtheplanbecausetheyfearedthat_______(wolf)wouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets．7．Ispenttenminuteswalkingupanddownthehighstreet，desperatelyavoidingeyecontactwith___________(passer-by)．8．Thesystemreflectstheseasonalcharacteristicsofannualnatural_________(phenomenon)andfarmingactivities．9．Ananthastwo________(stomach)，ofwhichoneholdsthefoodforitselfandtheotherisforfoodtobegiventootherants．10．Viewerssaiditwasnotthefilmitselfthatmovedpeople，butthe______(hero)ofthewaryearswhofoughtforourcountryandpeople．wolvespassers-­byphenomenastomachsheroes考点二名词的所有格变化规则例子有生命的名词，其所有格一般在名词后加-'s。hisfather'sboss他爸爸的老板表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等无生命的名词后可加-'s。today'spaper今天的报纸England'sshore英国的海岸thecar'sdesign这辆车的设计变化规则例子在某些习惯用语中，名词要加-'s。astone'sthrow近在咫尺keepsb.atarm'slength与某人保持距离；不亲近某人beatone'swits'end黔驴技穷如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词后加-'s，如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加-'s。JaneandMary'smother简和玛丽的妈妈(共有，暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系)Jane'sandMary'smothers简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈(不是共有，分别指两位妈妈)变化规则例子双重所有格：“a/two/some...＋名词＋of＋名词's”构成双重所有格，“of＋名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人。afriendofhermother's她妈妈的一个朋友twophotosofMary's玛丽的两张照片表示店铺或某人的家时，名词所有格之后的shop，house，home等词常省略。atthedoctor's(office)在诊所里atthebarber's(shop)在理发店atMrGreen's(house)在格林先生家1．Tomgoestothe________(barber)tohavehishaircuteverythirdweek．2．“________(today)storyisaboutthesuccessofapoorchild，”theteachersaid．3．Thearticleconcludesthat________(parents)educationaffectstheirchildren'sfuture．4．Aftera_________(moment)hesitation，theyoungmanreachedouthishandtogreetthestranger．5．Studiesshowthata_______(child)characterisgreatlyinfluencedbyhis/herhomeenvironment．barber'sToday'sparents'moment'schild's6．It'saboutan______(hour)drivefromourschooltothecitycentre，butittakesmoretimeatweekends．7．Sunlightpassesthroughtheatmosphereandthenreflectsoffthe_______(earth)surfaceintheformofheat．8．We'dbetterstayinahotelthatisjusta_______(stone)throwawayfromtherailwaystationforthesakeofconvenience．hour'searth'sstone's1．基数词变序数词的规则考点三数词——基数词和序数词一、二、三one→first，two→second，three→third从四起加-thfour→fourth，five→fifth...eight少个teight→eighthnine删除enine→ninth-ve用f代替five→fifth，twelve→twelfth-ty变成tietwenty→twentieth2．分数/倍数分子用基数词，分母用序数词1/3：onethird分子大于1，分母用复数2/5：twofifths两倍，两次；三倍，三次twice；threetimes1．Saturnisthe______(two)biggestplanetinthesolarsystem．2．It'sreportedthat_________(thousand)ofantelopesarekilledfortheirfureachyear．3．Ifaregularbuscanholddozensofpeople，imaginewhatabus______(two)thesizecanh