翻译三级笔译实务分类模拟题14

翻译三级笔译实务分类模拟题14EnglishChineseTranslationInternetisavastnetworkofcomputersthatconnectsmanyof（江南博哥）theworld'sbusinesses,institutions,andindividuals.

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TheInternet,whichmeansinterconnectednetworkofnetworks,linkstensofthousandsofsmallercomputernetworks.Thesenetworkstransmithugeamountsofinformationintheformofwords,images,andsounds.

TheInternethasinformationonvirtuallyeverytopic.

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Networkuserscansearchthroughsourcesrangingfromvastdatabasestosmallelectronic"bulletinboards",whereusersformdiscussiongroupsaroundcommoninterests.MuchoftheInternet'strafficconsistsofmessagessentfromonecomputerusertoanother.Thesemessagesarecalledelectronicmailore-mail.Interactusershaveelectronicaddressesthatallowthemtosendandreceivee-mail.Otherusesofthenetworkincludeobtainingnews,joiningelectronicdebates,andplayingelectronicgames.

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OnefeatureoftheInternet,knownastheWorldWideWeb,providesgraphics,audio,andvideotoenhancetheinformationinitsdocuments.Thesedocumentscoveravastnumberoftopics.

PeopleusuallyaccesstheInternetwithadevicecalledamodem.Modemsconnectcomputerstothenetworkthroughtelephonelines.MuchoftheInternetoperatesthroughworldwidetelephonenetworksoffiber-opticcables.

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Thesecablescontainhair—thinstrandsofglassthatcarrydataaspulsesoflight.Theycantransmitthousandsoftimesmoredatathanlocalphonelines,mostofwhichconsistofcopperwires.

Inthefuture,theInternetwillprobablygrowmoresophisticatedascomputertechnologybecomesmorepowerful.

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ManyexpertsbelievetheInteractmaybecomepartofalargernetworkcalledtheinformationsuperhighway.

Thisnetwork,stillunderdevelopment,wouldlinkcomputerswithtelephonecompanies,cabletelevisionstations,andothercommunicationsystems.Peoplecouldbank,shop,watchTV,andperformmanyotheractivitiesthroughthenetwork.1.

正确答案：互联网的意思就是互相连接的网络，它连接着数十万计更小的计算机网络。这些网络以文字、图像以及声音的形式传输巨大的信息量。

2.

正确答案：网络使用者能够搜索各种资源。这些资源大到巨大的资料库，小到使用者可以在上面围绕共同兴趣进行小组讨论的小型电子“公告板”。

3.

正确答案：互联网的一个组成部分，即万维网，能提供图形、声音以及视频，用以强化其文件中的信息。这些文件囊括了大量的话题。

4.

正确答案：这些电缆中有一股细如发丝的玻璃丝，它们以光脉冲形式传输数据。它们能够传递比本地电话线(大多是用铜线制成)多上万倍的数据。

5.

正确答案：许多专家相信，互联网可能会成为被称作信息高速公路的大网络的一部分。这一网络仍然在开发中，它将使计算机与电话公司、有线电视台以及其他通讯系统相连接。

Itishardtopredicthowscienceisgoingtoturnout,andifitisreallygoodscienceitisimpossibletopredict.Ifthethingstobefoundareactuallynew,theyarebydefinitionunknowninadvance.Youcannotmakechoicesinthismatter.

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Youeitherhavescienceoryoudon't,andifyouhaveityouareobligedtoacceptthesurprisinganddisturbingpiecesofinformation,alongwiththeneatandpromptlyusefulbits.

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TheonlysolidpieceofscientifictruthaboutwhichIfeeltotallyconfidentisthatweareprofoundlyignorantaboutnature.Indeed,Iregardthisasthemajordiscoveryofthepasthundredyearsofbiology.Itis,initsway,anilluminatingpieceofnews.Itwouldhaveamazedthebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenmenttobetoldbyanyofushowlittleweknowandhowbewilderingseemsthewayahead.

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Itisthissuddenconfrontationwiththedepthandscopeofignorancethatrepresentsthemostsignificantcontributionofthe20thcenturysciencetothehumanintellect.

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Inearliertimes,weeitherpretendedtounderstandhowthingsworkedorignoredtheproblem,orsimplymadeupstoriestofillthegaps.

Nowthatwehavebegunexploringinearnest,wearegettingglimpsesofhowhugethequestionsare,andhowfarfrombeinganswered.Becauseofthiswearedepressed.Itisnotsobadbeingignorantifyouaretotallyignorant.Thehardthingisknowinginsomedetailtherealityofignorance,theworstspotsandhereandtherethenot-so-badspots,butnotruelightattheendofthetunnelnorevenanytunnelsthatcanyetbetrusted.

Butwearemakingabeginningandthereoughttobesomesatisfaction.Thereareprobablynoquestionswecanthinkupthatcan'tbeanswered,soonerorlater,includingeventhematterofconsciousness.Tobesure,theremaywellbequestionswecan'tthinkup,ever,andthereforelimitstothereachofhumanintellect,butthatisanothermatter.

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Withinourlimits,weshouldbeabletoworkourwaythroughtoallouranswersifwekeepatitlongenough,andpayattention.6.

正确答案：你要么拥有科学，要么没有。如果你拥有科学的话，你在接受那些系统有序、迅速、及时而有用的数据的同时，还必须接受那些令人惊讶又烦恼的信息。

7.

正确答案：我完全确信的唯一可靠的科学事实是，我们对自然界有着很深的无知。的确，我把这看作是生物学在过去一百年的主要发现。

8.

正确答案：正是对人类无知的深度和广度的这一突然认识，代表了20世纪科学对人类智能研究的最大贡献。

9.

正确答案：在更早些时期，我们不是装作了解事物是怎么运作的或者忽视问题的存在，就是虚构一些故事来填补我们的无知。现在，我们开始热情地探索，我们也隐约明白这个问题有多么巨大，以及距离这个问题得到回答有多么遥远。

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正确答案：在我们的智力范围以内，如果我们坚持足够长的时间，给予足够重视，我们应该能够通过努力得到所有的答案。

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Theincreaseininternationalbusinessandinforeigninvestmenthascreatedaneedforexecutiveswithknowledgeofforeignlanguagesandskillsincross-culturalcommunication.Americans,however,havenotbeenwelltrainedineitherareaand,consequently,havenotenjoyedthesamelevelofsuccessinnegotiationinallinternationalarenaashavetheirforeigncounterparts.

Negotiatingistheprocessofcommunicatingbackandforthforthepurposeofreachinganagreement.

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Itinvolvespersuasionandcompromise,butinordertoparticipateineitherone,thenegotiatorsmustunderstandthewaysinwhichpeoplearepersuadedandhowcompromiseisreachedwithinthecultureofthenegotiation.

Inmanyinternationalbusinessnegotiationsabroad,Americansareperceivedaswealthyandimpersonal.

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ItoftenappearstotheforeignnegotiatorthattheAmericanrepresentsalargemultimillion-dollarcorporationthatcanaffordtopaythepricewithoutbargainingfurther.TheAmericannegotiator'srolebecomesthatofanimpersonalsurveyorofinformationandcash.

InstudiesofAmericannegotiatorsabroad,severaltraitshavebeenidentifiedthatmayservetoconfirmthisstereotypicalperception,whileunderminingthenegotiator'sposition.

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Twotraitsinparticularthatcausecross-culturalmisunderstandingaredirectnessandimpatienceonthepartoftheAmericannegotiator.Furthermore,Americannegotiatorsofteninsistonrealizingshort-termbenefits.Foreignnegotiators,ontheotherhand,mayvaluetherelationshipestablishedbetweennegotiatorsandmaybewillingtoinvesttimeinitforlong-termbenefits.

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Inordertosolidifytherelationship,theymayoptforindirectinteractionswithoutregardforthetimeinvolvedingettingtoknowtheothernegotiator.

Clearly,perceptionsanddifferencesinvaluesaffecttheoutcomesofnegotiationsandthesuccessfornegotiators.ForAmericanstoplayamoreeffectiveroleininternationalbusinessnegotiations,theymustputforthmoreefforttoimprovecross-culturalunderstanding.11.

正确答案：国际贸易和海外投资的增加产生了对具有外语知识和跨文化交流技巧的经理人员的需求。

12.

正确答案：谈判包括说服和妥协。但是为了进行说服和妥协，谈判者必须懂得在谈判的文化中怎样说服别人和怎样达成妥协。

13.

正确答案：在外国谈判者看来，似乎美国人代表着一个庞大的拥有数百万资财的大企业，不用进一步地讨价还价就能出得起价钱。美国谈判者的角色变成了一个没有个人感情的信息及现金的供应者。

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正确答案：尤其引起跨文化误解的两个特点是美国谈判者的直截了当和缺乏耐心。

15.

正确答案：为了巩固这种关系，他们会选择非直接的交流而不计较投入用于了解谈判对方的时间。

Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonwork-forceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.Human-resourcemanagementisnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirmintheUnitedStates.

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Skillacquisitionisconsideredasanindividualresponsibility.Laborissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehired—rentedatthelowestpossiblecost—muchasonebuysrawmaterialsorequipment.

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Thelackofimportanceattachedtohuman-resourcemanagementcanbeseeninthecorporationhierarchy.InanAmericanfirmthechieffinanicalofficerisalmostalwayssecondincommand.Thepostofheadofhuman-resourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofthecorporatehierarchy.TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancestomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).Bywayofcontrast,inJapantheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementiscentral-usuallythesecondmostimportantexecutive,aftertheCEO,inthefirmhierarchy.

WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamountsspentontrainingtheirworkforces,infacttheyinvestlessintheskillsoftheiremployeesthandotheJapaneseorGermanfirms.Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.

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Andthelimitedinvestmentsthataremadeintrainingworkersarealsomuchmorenarrowlyfocusedonthespecificskillsnecessarytodothenextjobratherthanonthebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.

Asaresult,problemsemergewhennewbreakthroughtechnologiesarrive.

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IfAmericanworkers,forexample,takemuchlongertolearnhowtooperatenewflexiblemanufacturingstationsthanworkersinGermany(astheydo),theeffectivecostofthosestationsislowerinGermanythanitisintheUnitedStates.

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Moretimeisrequiredbeforeequipmentisupandrunningatcapacity,andtheneedforextensiveretraininggeneratescostsandcreatesbottlenecksthatlimitthespeedwithwhichnewequipmentcanbeemployed.Theresultisaslowerpaceoftechnologicalchange.Andintheendtheskillsofthebottomhalfofthepopulationaffectthewagesofthetophalf.Ifthebottomhalfcan'teffectivelystafftheprocessesthathavetobeoperated,themanagementandprofessionaljobsthatgowiththeseprocesseswilldisappear.16.

正确答案：技能的获得被认为是个人的责任。劳动力不过是为了生产而雇用的另一个因素——以尽可能低的成本租用——就像是购买原材料或者设备。

17.

正确答案：对人力资源管理缺乏重视这一点可以从公司等级制度中看出。在一家美国公司里，首席财务总监几乎总是位居第二。

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正确答案：而且在工人培训上的有限投资也更加局限于进行下一项工作必须的专门技能上，而不是在那些使对新技术的吸收变得可能的基本技能上。

19.

正确答案：举例说，如果美国的工人比德国工人花费更多的时间学习如何操作新型灵活的生产设备(事实如此)，那么这些设备的有效成本在德国就会比在美国低。

20.

正确答案：设备装配完毕并以最大的生产能力运行需要更长的时间，大范围的再度培训的需要会增加成本并且形成限制新设备投入使用的障碍。

Inasense,thenewprotectionismisnotprotectionismatall,atleastnotinthetraditionalsenseoftheterm.

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Theoldprotectionismreferredonlytotrade-restrictingandtrade-expandingdevices,suchasthetarifforexportsubsidy.Thenewprotectionismismuchbroaderthanthis,itincludesinterventionsintoforeigntradebutisnotlimitedtothem.Thenewprotectionism,infact,referstohowthewholeofgovernmentinterventionintotheprivateeconomyaffectsinternationaltrade.Theemphasisontradeisstillthere,thuscametheterm"protection".

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Butwhatisnewistherealizationthatvirtuallyallgovernmentactivitiescanaffectinternationaleconomicrelations.

TheemergenceofthenewprotectionismintheWesternWorldreflectsthevictoryoftheinterventionist,orwelfareeconomyoverthemarketeconomy.JabTumilerwrites,"Theoldprotectionism...coexisted,withoutanyapparentintellectualdifficultywiththeacceptableofthemarketasanationalaswellasaninternationaleconomicdistributionmechanism—indeed,protectionistsaswellas(ifnotmorethan)freetradersstoodforlaissez-faire.

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Now,asinthe1930's,protectionismisanexpressionofaprofoundskepticismastotheabilityofthemarkettodistributeresourcesandincomestosocieties'satisfaction."

Itispreciselythisprofoundskepticismofthemarketeconomythatisresponsiblefortheprotectionism.Inamarketeconomy,economicchangeofvariouscolorsimpliesredistributionofresouresandincomes.

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The