翻译二级笔译综合能力阅读分类模拟题155

翻译二级笔译综合能力阅读分类模拟题155ReadingComprehension

"Whatdoesthemiddlemandobutaddtothepriceofgoodsin（江南博哥）theshops?"Suchremarksareaimedattheintermediateoperationsbetweenmanufacturersandfinalcustomers.Thispracticeusuallyattractsalotofattentionfromthepublicandthepressandtheoperationmosttalkedaboutiswhatisoftencalledwholesaling.

Thewholesalerbuysgoodsinlargequantitiesfromthemanufacturersandsellstheminsmallerparcelstoretailers,andforthisservicehissellingpricetotheretailerisraisedseveralpercenthigher.Buthisjobismademoredifficultbyretaildemandnotnecessarilyrunninglevelwithmanufacturers'production.Becauseheadjustsorregulatestheflowofgoodsbyholdingstockuntilrequired,hefreesthemanufacturer,tosomeextent,fromtheeffectonproductionofchangingdemandandhavingtobearthewholerisk.

Themanufacturercanthenkeepupasteadyproductionflow,andtheretailerhasnoneedtoholdheavystocks,whocancallonthewholesalerforsuppliesanytime.Thiswholesalefunctionislikethatofavalveinawaterpipe.Themiddlemanalsobearspartoftheriskthatwouldotherwisefallonthemanufacturerandalsotheretailer.

Thewholesalerprovidesapurelycommercialservice,forwhichheistoowellrewarded.Butthepointthatismissedbymanypeopleisthatthewholesalerisnotjustsomeoneaddingtothecostofgoods.Itistrueonecouldeliminatethewholesalerbutonewouldstillbeleftwithhisfunction:thatofmakingsurethatgoodsfindtheirwaytothepeoplewhowantthem.1.

"Middleman"inthepassagealmostequalstoallthefollowinginmeaningEXCEPT______.A.go-betweenB.intermediaryC.manufacturerD.wholesaler正确答案：C[解析]本题考查词义理解。根据文章第一段前两句“'Whatdoesthemiddlemandobutaddtothepriceofgoodsintheshops?'Suchremarksareaimedattheintermediateoperationsbetweenmanufacturersandfinalcustomers.”可知，Middleman应该是负责制造商和客户之间的业务。Middleman“经纪人，中间人”；go-between“媒介者，中间人”；intermediary“中间人，调解人”；wholesaler“批发商”；manufacturer“制造业者，厂商”。由此可知，答案是C。

2.

"Thispractice"inParagraph1mostprobablyreferstothefactthatthemiddleman______.A.increasesthepricesintheshopsB.buysfromyouandsellstomeC.aimsremarksatmanufacturersD.interfereswithendusercustomers正确答案：B[解析]本题考查推理判断。根据文章第一段后两句“Suchremarksareaimedattheintermediateoperationsbetweenmanufacturersandfinalcustomers.Thispracticeusuallyattractsalotofattentionfromthepublicandthepressandtheoperationmosttalkedaboutiswhatisoftencalledwholesaling.”可知，practice指代上文的intermediateoperationsbetweenmanufacturersandfinalcustomers，所以是指批发商的行为。

3.

Thewholesalerobtainshighersellingpricesfor______.A.smallparcelshesellsB.goodshebuysinbulkC.theserviceheprovidesD.theinformationheoffers正确答案：C[解析]本题考查细节理解。根据文章第二段第一句中的“Thewholesalerbuysgoodsinlargequantitiesfromthemanufacturersandsellstheminsmallerparcelstoretailers,andforthisservicehissellingpricetotheretailerisraisedseveralpercenthigher.”可知，批发商卖上高价钱是因为他的服务。

4.

Amiddleman'sworkmaybecomedifficultbecause______.A.manufacturersruntheirproductiononamuchhigherlevelB.marketdemandmaynotbethesameasindustrialproductionC.retailersarenotnecessaryinrunningtheirretailingbusinessD.retailersdemandlowerlevelsthanthosedemandedbymanufacturers正确答案：B[解析]本题考查细节理解。根据文章第二段第二句的“...hisjobismademoredifficultbyretaildemandnotnecessarilyrunninglevelwithmanufacturers'production.”可知，中间商的工作变得困难是因为零售需求与生产商的产品不同。

5.

Thewholesalerregulatestheflowofgoodsby______.A.runninglevelwithmanufacturers'productionB.holdingdownstockofcommoditiesC.keepingstockforstrongerdemandD.adjustingthepricesofgoodsintime正确答案：C[解析]本题考查细节理解。根据文章第二段第三句“...heregulatestheflowofgoodsbyholdingstockuntilrequired.”可知，批发商通过存现货以便需求来管理货物流量。所以，答案是C。

6.

Themiddlemanrelievestheproducerof______.A.fluctuatingmarketdemandandstayingatriskB.theproductionofcommoditiesfortheretailmarketC.someextentofproductionofchangingdemandD.storinggoodsinawarehouseuntiltheyareneeded正确答案：A[解析]本题考查细节理解。根据文章第二段最后一句“Hefreesthemanufacturer,tosomeextent,fromtheeffectonproductionofchangingdemandandhavingtobearthewholerisk.”可知，一定程度上，中间商会使生产商免受需求变化和承担风险的影响。据此推断，答案是A。

7.

Whatfunctionofthewholesaleriscomparedtoavalve?A.Controllingtheflowofgoods.B.Pushingupdemandfromretailers.C.Bearingpartoftheriskformanufacturers.D.Sellinggoodstoretailers.正确答案：A[解析]本题考查推理判断。根据文章第三段第一句话“Themanufacturercanthenkeepupasteadyproductionflow,andtheretailerhasnoneedtoholdheavystocks,whocancallonthewholesalerforsuppliesanytime.”可知，制造商可以保持一个稳定的生产流程，零售商不必拥有大量现货，随时可以向批发商请求供货。批发商控制货物流动的功能就像一个阀门。

8.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Peoplecannotdowithoutthewholesaler'sfunction.B.Thefunctionofthewholesalerdoesnotaddtothecostofgoods.C.Thewholesalerhelpstoreducethepriceofgoodsinshops.D.Thewholesaleriswellpaidforhiscommercialservice.正确答案：D[解析]本题考查是非判断。根据文章第四段第一句“Thewholesalerprovidesapurelycommercialservice,forwhichheistoowellrewarded.”可知，D项正确。A项“人们离不开批发商”，根据第四段第三句“onecouldeliminatethewholesaler”可知，A项不正确，故排除；第二段第二行中提到批发商卖给零售商时价格提高了百分之几，第四段中提到someoneaddingtothecostofgoods，所以B、C两项也不正确。

9.

Theauthorquitepossiblybelievesthatthefunctionofthewholesaleris______.A.goodbuttoocostlyB.necessarybutharmfulC.removablebutnecessaryD.acceptablebutunnecessary正确答案：C[解析]本题考查作者态度。根据文章最后一句“Itistrueonecouldeliminatethewholesalerbutonewouldstillbeleftwithhisfunction:thatofmakingsurethatgoodsfindtheirwaytothepeoplewhowantthem.”可知，你可以没有批发商，但是他的功能还是在的。即批发商并不是必不可缺的，但是必要的。

10.

Whichofthefollowingtitlesismostappropriateforthispassage?A.TheGreedyWholesalersB.TheWholesalersinthePublicEyeC.ARetailMarketwithWholesalersD.CanWeDowithouttheWholesaler?正确答案：D[解析]本题考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了批发商的作用，特别是文章的最后一句话点明了文章的主旨。A项内容在文中并没有相关支持信息，B、C两项也不正确。

Students:PassorFail

Whenstudentswhoaretakingacourseforregulargradesarecomparedwithstudentswhoaretakingthesamecourseonapass-failbasis,thegradedstudentsachievedhighergrades.Thecomparisonismadepossiblebynottellingtheinstructorwhichstudentsaretakingthecourseonthepass-failbasisandhavinghimorherassignlettergradestoallstudents.Theregistrarconvertsthesetopass-failforthosestudentswhohadpreviouslyelectedthisoption.Thisprovisionisincludedtoprotectthepass-failstudentsfrompossibleinstructorbias.

Thedataclearlyshowthatthereisadifferenceingradesbetweenthetwogroupsofstudentsinthesameclass,thoseelectingtotakethecourseforpass-failandthosetakingthecourseforregularlettergrades.Theinterpretationsofthisdifference,however,varywidely.Someclaimthatthisdifferenceprovesthatpass-failstudentssimplydon'tworkashardortakethecourseseriouslyasstudentstakingthecourseforlettergrades.Otherclaimthatthisdifferenceprovesthatonlythelesscompetentstudentselectthepass-failoption.Othersclaimthatthisdifferenceprovesthatstudentsonlytaketheirmostdifficult(forthem)coursesunderthepass-failoptionandthereforeareexploringareastheymightotherwiseattempttoavoid.Othersclaimthatthisdifferenceprovesthatstudentsusethepass-failoptiononlyincourseswheretheteacherissopersonallyuninspiringastoneedthethreatoflettergradesinordertogoadthestudentsintostudying.

What,infact,dothedatareallyprove?Nothing,otherthanthatadifferenceingradesdoesindeedexitbetweenthetwogroups.Allthepreviouslymentionedexplanationsareonlyhypotheses,thatis,guessesaboutthepossiblereasonforthedifference.Oneorevenseveralofthesehypothesesmighteventuallybeprovedvalid,butatpresentnoneofthestudiesreallyprovesanyofthehypotheses.Yet,inthehandsofastatisticalcharlatan,thedatamayseemtoanunsophisticatedaudiencetoprovewhateverheorshesaystheyprove.

Themostcommonerrorinreadingandinterpretingresearchstudiesisassumingthatacasualfactorhasbeenisolatedwhen,infact,ithasnot.Aswillbeseen,moststudiesinthefieldofeducationalpsychologydonotallowforacause-and-effectinterpretation,andyetitisextremelytemptingthemasthoughtheydid.Thisisprobablythemajorboobytrapawaitingtheunwarystudent.Justbecausetwovariablesareassociateddoesn'tnecessarilymeanthatoneisthecauseoftheother.11.

Accordingtothefirstparagraph,howtheexperimentisdesigned?A.Studentsaredividedintotwogroupsbytheinstructor.B.Thetwogroupsofstudentsactuallyattenddifferentcourses.C.Thechoicestotakethecourseindifferentwaysaremadebystudentsthemselves.D.Studentstakethelettergradesoptiongetapass-failresult,andstudentstakethepass-failoptiongetlettergrades.正确答案：C

12.

WhatdoesthisexperimentpossiblyproveEXCEPT:A.Thedifferenceofthetwogroupsprovesthatstudentstakingthecourseforlettergradesworkharderthanthosepass-failstudentsB.Thedifferenceofthetwogroupsprovesthatcompetentstudentswouldprobablychoosethelettergradesoption.C.Thedifferenceofthetwogroupsprovesthatagoodteacherusuallyresorttothepass-failoptiontoarousestudents'enthusiasm.D.Ifthecourseistoodifficult,studentsintendtochoosethepass-failureoption.正确答案：C

13.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsisright?A.Thedatafromthisexperimentprovesallthehypothesesright.B.Someofthehypothesescannotbesupportedbythedatafromtheexperiment.C.Thedatawegotisnotconvincingenoughforustobelievethehypotheses.D.Thehypotheseshavenogroundsincethedatacanbeexplainedinanarbitraryway.正确答案：D

14.

Whatdoestheword'booby'meaninthirdparagraph?A.Useless.B.Foolish.C.Useful.D.Smart.正确答案：B

15.

Whichoneofthefollowingfactorsmakesawrongresultinreadingandinterpretingresearch?A.Thefactorthataffectstheresearchhasnotbeenexcluded.B.Theexperimentmakerchoosesthewrongobject.C.Theexperimentfailstomakeonceagain.D.Therearetoomanyuncertaintiesduringtheprocessoftheexperiment.正确答案：A

TherearebothgreatsimilaritiesandconsiderablediversityintheecosystemsthatevolvedontheislandsofOceaniainandaroundthePacificOcean.Theislands,suchasNewZealand,thatwereoriginallypartsofcontinentsstillcarrysomesmallplantandanimalremnantsoftheirearlierbiota(animalandplantlife),andtheyalsohavebeenextensivelymodifiedbyevolution,adaptation,andthearrivalofnewspecies.Bycontrast,theotherislands,whichemergedviageologicalprocessessuchasvolcanism,possessednoterrestriallife,butoverlongperiods,winds,oceancurrents,andthefeet,feathers,anddigestivetractsofbirdsbroughttheseedsofplantsandafewspeciesofanimals.Onlythosespecieswithwaysofspreadingtotheseislandswereabletoundertakethelongjourneys,andthevariousfactorsatplayresultedindiversecombinationsofnewcolonistsontheislands.Oneestimateisthatthedistributionofplantswas75percentbybirds,23percentbyfloating,and2percentbywind.

ThemigrationofOceanicbiotawasgenerallyfromwesttoeast,withfourmajorfactorsinfluencingtheirdistributionandestablishment.Thefirstwasthesizeandfertilityoftheislandsonwhichtheylanded,withlargerislandsabletoprovidehospitalityforawiderrangeofspecies.Second,thefurthereasttheislands,generallythelessthespeciesdiversity,largelybecauseofthedistancethathadtobecrossedandbecausetheeasternislandstendedtobesmaller,morescattered,andremote.Thiseasterlydeclineinspeciesdiversityiswelldemonstratedbybirdsandcoralfish.Itisestimatedthattherewereover550speciesofbirdsinNewGuinea,127intheSolomonIslands,54inFiji,and17intheSocietyIslands.FromthewestacrossthePacific,theBismarckArchipelagoandtheSolomonIslandshavemorethan90familiesofshorefish(withmanyspecieswithinthefamilies),Fijihas50families,andtheSocietyIslandshave30.Third,thelatitudeoftheislandsalsoinfluencedthebioticmix,asthoseislandsinrelativelycoolerlatitudes,notablyNewZealand,wereunsuitedtosupportingsomeofthetropicalplantswithwhichPacificislandsaregenerallyassociated.

Finally,afourthmajorfactorinspeciesdistribution,andindeedintheshapingofPacificecosystems,waswind.IttakeslittleexperienceonPacificislandstobeawarethatthereareprevailingwinds.Tothenorthoftheequatorthesearecallednorth-easterlies,whiletothesouththeyarecalledsouth-easterlies.Furthersouth,fromabout30°south,thewindsaregenerallyfromthewest.Asaresultonnearlyeveryislandofsignificantsizethereisanecologicaldifferencebetweenitswindwardandleeward(awayfromthewind)sides.Apartfromthewindactionitselfonplantsandsoils,windhasamajoreffectonraindistribution.TheBigIslandofHawaiiisoftencitedasaprimeexample;onecanleaveKonaontheleewardsideinbrilliantsunshineanddriveacrosstothewindwardsidewherethecityofHiloisblanketedinmistandrain.16.

ThewordremnantsinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.remaindersB.remindersC.reproductionsD.resemblances正确答案：A[解析]题干中remnants意为“遗迹；遗骸”，只有A项remainders(剩余物，残存物)与其意思相近，故正确答案为A项。

[参考译文]在太平洋以及周围的大洋洲岛屿上的生态系统之间，存在极大的相似性，同时也具有多样性。像新西兰这样的岛屿，本是大陆的一部分，如今岛上依然存在早期生物群(动植物生命)的一些小型动植物遗存，并且经过进化、适应，以及新物种的影响，它们普遍得到改良。相比之下，在火山作用等地质过程形成的岛屿上不存在生物，但经过漫长岁月，风、洋流、鸟类的爪子、羽毛和消化道带来植物种子和外来动物种类。只有这些物种才能够长途跋涉到达其他岛屿，在各种因素共同作用下导致不同岛上存在着不同的“殖民者”。植物物种的传播途径估计主要有3种：75%靠鸟类传播；23%随海水漂流；2%依靠风。

大洋洲生物群的迁移一般是从西向东，主要有4个因素影响其分布和形成。首先是它们登陆的岛屿的大小和土壤肥沃程度，大型岛屿能够容纳更多的物种。其次，岛屿越偏东，生物多样性越少，主要是考虑到迁徙距离，而且因为东部岛屿往往更小、更分散、更偏远。鸟类和珊瑚鱼很好地证明了越向东，生物多样性越少这种情况。据估计，新几内亚有550多种鸟类；所罗门群岛有127种；斐济有54种；社会群岛有17种。同样，自西向东纵观太平洋，西面的俾斯麦群岛和所罗门群岛有90多种近海鱼群(每个群落有多个品种)，斐济有50种，社会群岛有30种。第3个因素是岛屿的纬度。处于纬度位置相对更高、气温相对更低的岛屿，例如比较有名的新西兰岛屿，不适合习惯了太平洋岛屿的热带植物生存。

最后，风是影响物种分布的第4个因素，也是太平洋生态系统形成的主要因素。在太平洋岛屿上能够轻易意识到盛行风的存在。赤道以北，盛行风被称为东北风，而在赤道以南，被称为东南风。从南纬30°左右再往南，通常刮西风。因此，几乎每个人大型岛屿的迎风面和背风面(远离风面)之间都存在生态差异。风力除了影响植物和土壤之外，对雨水分布也有重要影响。夏威夷大岛就是一个典型的例子；人们在离开背风的科纳的时候阳光灿烂，然后驶向迎风面的希洛市后淹没在烟雨朦胧中。

B项“提醒”、C项“复制；繁衍”、D项“相似”均不符合题意，故都予以排除。

17.

Thepassagesupportswhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutspeciesonvolcanicislands?______A.VolcanicislandspeciesareunlikethespeciesfoundinotherPacificOceanlocations.B.VolcanicislandslackthediversityofspeciesfoundelsewhereinthePacific.C.Volcanicislandspeciesarealltransplantsfromdistantlocationsandexistincombinationsnotfoundelsewhere.D.Volcanicislandspeciesdifferfromthoseonotherislandsinthatanimalspeciesshowgreaterdiversitythanplantspeciesdo.正确答案：C[解析]题目问“关于火山岛上的物种说法正确的选项”。根据第1段第3、4句，火山岛上本没有任何生物(possessednoterrestriallife)，而经过漫长岁月，风、洋流和鸟类带来了(brought)很多植物种子和外来物种，且在各种因素共同作用下使得岛上的物种类别与其他地区不同(diversecombinationsofnewcolonists)，故C项的表达概述了原文的这段话，符合题意。

A项“火山岛上的物种跟太平洋其他地区的物种不同”，根据文意，火山岛上的物种是由其他地区迁徙过来的，因此有可能会在太平洋其他地区找到相似物种，故排除A项，同时也可排除B项“火山岛上不存在太平洋其他地区所具有的生物多样性”。D项“火山岛上的物种跟其他地区物种的主要差异在于动物种类比植物种类更为丰富”，在原文没有提及，故排除。

18.

AccordingtoParagraph1,howdidthemajorityofplantspeciesarriveonislandscreatedbygeologicalprocessessuchasvolcanism?______A.Theyweretransportedbyoceancurrents.B.Theywerecarriedtotheislandsbybirds.C.Theywerebroughttotheislandsbyhumans.D.Theyweretransportedbywinds.正确答案：B[解析]第1段最后一句指出植物物种75%靠鸟类传播，故正确答案为B项。

A项洋流占23%、D项风力占2%，都只是占小部分比例，故排除A项和D项。C项在文中并未被提及，故排除。

19.

ThewordremoteinParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______A.unknownB.isolatedC.hostileD.infertile正确答案：B[解析]题干中remote意为“遥远的，偏远的”，只有B项isolated“偏远的；偏僻的”符合题意，故选B项。

A项“未知的”、C项“敌对的”、D项“不肥沃的”均不符合题意，故都予以排除。

20.

InParagraph2,whatistheauthor'spurposeinmentioningtheestimatednumbersofbirdspeciesonvariousOceanicislands?______A.TogiveexamplesofthewiderangeofspeciesthatcanbefoundonOceanicislands.B.TodemonstratehowmuchknowledgeaboutOceanicspecieshasbeenaccumulated.C.ToillustratethedeclineinspeciesdiversityfromwesttoeastonOceanicislands.D.ToidentifytheinfluenceoflatitudeuponOceanicplantsandanimals.正确答案：C[解析]题目问作者为什么要提到不同大洋洲岛屿上鸟类的数量。第2段第4句提到“鸟类和珊瑚鱼很好地证明了越向东，生物多样性越少这种情况”，接下来的例子是为了验证这句话，故正确答案为C项。

A项“为了证明大洋洲岛屿上物种的多样性”、B项“为了证明人类已经积累了大量大洋洲岛屿物种的知识”、D项“解释纬度对大洋洲动植物的影响”均不是作者提到不同大洋洲岛屿上鸟类的数量的原因。

21.

Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?______A.Becauseofitslatitude,NewZealandhadarelativelycoolerclimatethanotherPacificislands.B.NewZealand,likeotherPacificislands,showedtheeffectsoflatitudesonitsrichtropicalplants.C.Becausethelatitudinalpositionofanislandalsoaffecteditsbioticmix,islandsincoolerlatitudesdidnotsupportsometropicalspeciestypicalofthePacificislands.D.Pacificislandswerenotablefortheirimpressivebioticmixandassociationwithtropicalplants.正确答案：C[解析]画线句子意为“第3个因素是岛屿的纬度。处于纬度位黄相对更高、气温相对更低的岛屿，例如比较有名的新西兰岛屿，不适合习惯了太平洋岛屿的热带植物生存”，这句话表达的关键信息是纬度对于生物种类的影响，纬度位置相对更高、气温相对更低的地区不合适热带植物生长，故C项正确。

A项是利用cooler设置的干扰项，文中没有将新西兰的纬度位置与太平洋其他岛屿的纬度位置进行对比，只是说它这种相对纬度更高、气温更低的环境不适合热带植物生长，故排除A项。原文提到新西兰岛因为气温更低，不适合种植热带植物，因此itsrichtropicalplants这个说法是错误的，可排除B项。D项在文中未被提及，也可排除。

22.

AccordingtoParagraph2,allofthefollowingtypesofislandsareassociatedwithhigherspeciesdiversityEXCEPT______.A.islandsthatarelargeinsizeB.islandslocatedincoollatitudesC.islandslocatedinthewesternpartofOceaniaD.islandslocatednearotherlandmasses正确答案：B[解析]题目问哪种类型的岛屿生物多样性较少。根据第2段最后一句可推测，纬度越高的岛屿，温度较低，越不适合某些动植物的生长，其生物多样性也会相对而言更少，因此B项符合题意，是正确答案。

第2段第2句提到越大型的岛屿越能容纳更多的物种，因此生物多样性也更多，故A项不符合题意，可排除。根据第2段第3句“岛屿越偏东，生物多样性越少，主要是考虑到迁徙距离，而且因为东部岛屿往往更小、更分散、更偏远”，可推测偏西的岛屿以及不偏远、不分散、与其他陆地相距较近的岛屿的物种都比较丰富，C项“海洋两部的岛屿”以及D项“靠近其他陆地的岛屿”不符合题意，故均予以排除。

23.

TheBigIslandofHawaiiisdiscussedinthepassageasanexampleof______.A.therelationshipbetweenlatitudeandwindB.howprevailingwindsinfluencerainfallpatternsC.therelationshipbetweenrainfallandspeciesdistributionD.theeffectsofwindactionuponplantsandsoils正确答案：B[解析]文章提到，夏威夷大岛这个例子是为了论证第3段倒数第二句提出的观点“风力除了影响植物和土壤，对雨水分布也有重要影响”。例子提到位于背风面的科纳和迎风面的希洛市天气不同，显然是为了证明风对于降水的影响，故正确答案为B项“盛行风如何影响降水分布(rainfallpatterns)”。

A项“纬度和风之间的关系”、C项“降水和物种分布的关系”、D项“风对于植物和土壤的影响”均与所举例子无关，故都可排除。

24.

WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph3aboutKonaandHilo?______A.TheecosystemsofKonaandHilodifferfromeachother.B.KonaandHilohaveapproximatelythesamerainfallinagivenyear.C.KonareceivesnortheasterlywindswhileHftoreceivessoutheasterlywinds.D.BothKonaandHilohaveplantsandsoilsthatareoftendamagedbywinds.正确答案：A[解析]第3段第5句提到，几乎每个大型岛屿的迎风面和背风面(远离风面)之间都存在生态差异，而接着第3段最后一句捉到这两个城市一个处于迎风面，一个处于背风面，且降水量不同，由此，我们可推断A项正确。

B项“两个城市在特定年份降水量相同”、C项“科纳刮东北风，希洛市吹东南风”、D项“两个城市的植物和土壤经常遭到大风破坏”，文中均未被提及。

25.

Theword"cited"underlinedinthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______.A.expectedB.believedC.comparedD.mentioned正确答案：D[解析]题干cited意为“提及；引用”，只有D项mentioned(提到)与其意义相近。

A项“期待”、B项“相信”、C项“比较”均不符合题意。

InDecember,WaymoLLC,theleadingdriverlesscarcompany,broughtouttheworld'sfirstcommercialrobo-taxiservice.Butfornow,theserviceisonlyavailabletoabout400testfamiliesinsuburbanPhoenix,andeachofitsconvertedChryslerminivansstillhasapersonatthewheelincaseanythinggoesawry.

"It'saprettyglaringindicationthatwe'renotthereyet,"saysMatthewJohnson-Roberson,co-directoroftheUniversityofMichigan'sFordCenterforAutonomousVehicles,who'sworkingwithautomakerstodeveloprobotrides.Waymo,ownedbyGoogleparentAlphabetInc.andrecentlyvaluedat$250billionbyJefferiesResearchLLC,declinedtocomment.Inablogpost,ChiefExecutiveOfficerJohnKrafciksaidthehumansafetydriverswereatworkinArizonatomakeridersfeelmorecomfortable.

Waymo'stimidrolloutisthelatestspeedbumpforatechnologytoutedascertaintosavetheworldfromroaddeaths.AsautoandtechgiantsconvergeonLasVegasfortheconsumerelectronicsshowknownasCES,whichformallykicksoffonJan.8andincludesakeynotefromKrafcik,theseeminglyboundlessoptimismthatsurroundeddriverlesscarsonlyafewyearsagohasbeentemperedbyaslewofpersistenttechnologicalchallengesandbigquestionsaboutnear-termbusinessmodels,especiallyasarecessionlooms."Mostoftheautomakersarechasingabusinessmodelthathasyettobeproven—thatelusiverobo-taxi,"saysCraigGiffi,headofconsultingfirmDeloitte'sU.S.automotiveandindustrialproductspractice.

AtCES,driverlessandautotechnologywillcover300,000squarefeetoffloorspace,morethanthetotalsizeofmanystand-alonecarshows,andtheautoindustryiscontinuingtopourbillionsintoself-drivingcars.FordMotorCo.CEOJimHackettsaidinNovemberthatthemarketforautonomousvehiclesandothermobilityservicescouldreach$10trillion—halfthesizeofU.S.grossdomesticproduct.Annualsalesofself-driverswillhit33millionby2040andaccountformorethanaquarterofglobalvehicledeliveries,accordingtoresearcherIHSMarkit.

That'swhyautomakersandtechcompaniesarerushingtogetrobotsontheroad.GeneralMotorsCo.'sCruiseAutomationplanstodebutitsautomatedride-hailingbusinessinaU.S.cityin2019,andFordpromisestodeploytensofthousandsofself-driversonthestreetsofmultipleU.S.citiesin2021aspartofaprofitablebusinessmovingpeopleandpackages.EvenUberresumedtestingitsautonomousVolvosinDecember,onlyninemonthsafteronestruckandkilledapedestrianinTempe,Ariz.

ButastudyfromDeloittesuggeststhingswillmovemoreslowlythanexpected.Halfofthe25,000consumersDeloittesurveyedgloballysaidtheydidn'tbelieveautonomousvehicleswouldbesafe,upslightlyfrom47percentayearago.Just39percentofthemtrustautomakerstobringthetechnologytomarket.Mostsurprising:Only12percentofU.S.consumersreportedusingservicessuchasUberandLyftonceaweek,halftherateofayearago.Takentogether,thefindingsunderminethenear-termbusinesscasefortherobo-taxi,whichreliesonanever-growingpoolofconsumersditchingtheircars.

Aslongashumansafetydriversarerequired,profitsareoutthewindow."Theeconomicsofthatdon'tworkoutatall,"saysJohnson-Roberson,theUniversityofMichigantechnologist.Hesaystheonlywaytoremovesafetydriversistoisolateautonomouscarsintheirownlanes,walledofffromunpredictablehumans.Amongotherthings,driverlesscarsstillstruggletomergeintotraffic.

(选自《彭博商业周刊》

2019年1月7日)26.

Theword"awry"underlinedinParagraph1issynonymouswith______.A.wrongB.askewC.crookedD.awfully正确答案：A[解析]语义题。awry意为“偏差的，错误的”，与A意思相近，故选A。

27.

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutWaymoisNOTtrue?______A.Waymoisacompanywhichmanufacturesdriverlesscars.B.Waymoisthefirstcompanywhichprovidesrobo-taxiserviceforcommercialpurpose.C.WaymobelongstoGoogle