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翻译三级笔译综合能力模拟28ⅠVocabularyandGrammarPart1VocabularySelection1.
Therodent,______themouse,rat(江南博哥),guineapig,andporcupine,aremammalswithincisor-liketeethinbothjaws.A.madeupB.includingC.consistingD.constitute正确答案:B[解析]近义辨析。
madeupof由……组成,构成(着重指有许多构成成分及组件等,常用被动语态),如:Lifeismadeupofbobs,snifflesandsmiles.生活是由啜泣,抽噎和微笑组成的。include包含,包括(侧重包含的只是整体的一部分;用分词时,常引入一个解释性短语),如:ThetourincludedavisittotheScienceMuseum.旅游项目中包括参观科学博物馆。consistof由……组成,如:Ourschoolconsistsof20classes.我们学校是由20个班级组成的。Constitute组成,构成,如:Sevendaysconstituteaweek.七天为一星期。因此答案应为B。句意为:包括耗子、老鼠、天竺鼠和豪猪在内的啮齿类动物是哺乳动物,它们的上下颚都长有切牙。
2.
Weshouldnotletanyoneleadusbythe______inouractions.Weshouldalwaystaketheinitiativeinourownhands.A.armB.noseC.earD.hand正确答案:B[解析]固定搭配
Leadapersonbythenose.指牵着别人的鼻子走,使他人照着自己的想法做。本句意为:在行动中我们要采取主动,而不能让别人牵着鼻子走。所以答案为B。
3.
Heart______ismuchmorecommonthesedaysthanitwaseventenyearsago.A.surgeryB.surgeonC.workD.circulation正确答案:A[解析]词义辨析
A.surgery外科(学),(外科)手术;B.surgeon外科医生;C.work工作,职业;D.circulation循环,流通;因此A为答案。
4.
ThematurityofITindustryandtheintegrationofITintothemainstreamofeconomicactivityand______constraintshaveforcedtheauthoritytorethinkitsrole.A.budgetaryB.documentaryC.commentaryD.portray正确答案:A[解析]词义辨析选项A.budgetary预算的;B.documentary文件的;C.commentary注释,解说词;D.portray描绘;而本文要表达的是“预算限制”使得有关当局不得不新考虑IT业的角色。因此A为答案。
5.
Hisemotionalproblems______fromhisexperiencesasachild,Ithink.A.stemB.flourishC.rootD.sprout正确答案:A[解析]词义辨析。
A.stem滋生,阻止,起源,发生:B.flourish茂盛,繁荣,处于活跃/旺盛时期:C.root生根,固定,根源在于(in),D.sprout萌芽,所以答案为A。
6.
Somepeoplebelievethat"KingJohn"waswrittenbyShakespeare,butsomepeoplethinkitmightbewrittenbyan______author.A.deliveredB.anonymousC.antiqueD.ambiguous正确答案:B[解析]delivered在……交货的,包括运费在内的;anonymous不知名的;antique古代的;ambiguous模棱两可的。
7.
She______somesaltonherfoodtomakeittastebetter.A.sprinkledB.sprayedC.scatteredD.dispersed正确答案:A[解析]本题是说她在食物上面撒了些盐,使它的味道更好些。A项的“sprinkle撒……于(某物表面)”符合题意。如:Shesprinkledsugaronthecakes.(她把糖撒在蛋糕上。)其他三项“spray喷射,喷溅;scatter分散,散开;disperse分散,疏散”都不正确。
8.
TheMinister's______answerledtoanoutcryfromtheopposition.A.impressiveB.evasiveC.intensiveD.amusive正确答案:B[解析]句子大意是“部长的______回答引起了反对党的强烈抗议”,即反对党对部长的回答非常不满。impressive意为“给人深刻印象的,感人的”,amusive意为“愉快的,有趣的”,这两词为褒义词,与原句意思相反。intensive意为“加强的,密集的,精深的”,显然也不合题意。只有evasive,符合上下文意思。其意为:notwillingtoanswerquestionsdirectly,即“逃避的,含糊其辞的”,它的后面常用about。如:Paul'sbeingabitevasiveabouthisjob(Paul对他的工作闪烁其词);anevasivereply(一个躲躲闪闪的回答)。
9.
Wehopethatthemeasurestocontrolprices,______takenbythegovernment,willsucceed.A.whenB.sinceC.afterD.as正确答案:D
10.
Themanagerofthecompanyfirmlybelievedthatoneoftheimportant______sourcesofnewcustomerswasthechildren'smarket.A.unfoldedB.unknownC.unsolvedD.untapped正确答案:D[解析]形近识别
四个选项均有前缀un-,但词义各不相同。A.unfolded展开的,解开的;B.unknown未知的;C.unsolved,未解答的,未解决的;D.untapped未使用的,未开发的。本句要表达的是:未开发的客户资源是儿童市场,所以答案为D。
11.
Wheneverthegovernmentincreasespublicservices,______becausemoreworkersareneededtocarryouttheseservices.A.employmenttoriseB.employmentrisesC.whichrisingemploymentD.theriseofemployment正确答案:B[解析]语法应用。
逗号前是一个让步状语从句,because又引导一个原因状语从句,因此所填之处应为一个完整的主谓结构;B为答案。
12.
______,IpickedupthephoneandrangmysisterinAustraliA.A.OffimpulseB.OnguardC.OffguardD.Onimpulse正确答案:D
13.
InHongKong,doctorsreportedthat,forunclearreasons,12recoveredSARSpatientshad______weeksaftertheyhadbeendischarged--spurringfearsthatpeoplemightbeinfectiousevenafterthey'dleftisolation.A.recoveredB.relapsedC.reexaminedD.re-diagnosed正确答案:B[解析]形近识别。
四个选项均有前缀re-,但词义各不相同。A.recovered痊愈、复原:B.relapsed(旧病)复发;C.reexamined复试;D.re-diagnosed重新诊断。本句意为:12名痊愈的非典患者在解除隔离后几周____引发恐慌。所以B为答案。
14.
Iamnot______withmyroommate,butIhavetosharetheroomwithher,becauseIhavenowheretolive.A.concernedB.compatibleC.considerateD.complied正确答案:B
15.
Intheeighteenthcentury,thetownofBennington,Vermont,wasfamousforpottery.A.itmadeB.itsC.themakingD.whereits正确答案:B[解析]语法应用。
本句意为:在十八世纪,本宁顿城和佛蒙特城以其制陶业而闻名;因此应填代词的所有格。如:Thesmalltownisfamousforitsfinepark.这座小城以漂亮的公园著称。
16.
______Romanmythology,godJupiterwasacceptedasthemostpowerfulone.A.LikeB.ForC.WithD.In正确答案:D[解析]介词辨析
本句意为:在罗马神话中,Jupiter(朱庇特)被认作是最强大的(相当于希腊神话中的Zeus宙斯);因此应用介词in,D为答案。
17.
Accordingtotheweatherforecast,whichisusually______,itwillsnowthisafternoon.A.exactB.preciseC.perfectD.accurate正确答案:D
18.
WhileMaggie,awhite-collarworker,wasathomeafterwork,she______doingsomethingtodoingnothing.A.likedB.favoredC.tendedD.preferred正确答案:D[解析]固定搭配A.like喜欢,后面可跟todosth./doingsth.,但sth.后不再跟表示比较的todoingnothing;D.favor是及物动词,表示:喜爱,支持,赞成;例:favoraproposal赞成提议;C.tend照管,护理,往往是,趋向;常与to连用,tendtodosomething,例:Peopletendtoneedlesssleepastheygetolder.(人们随着年龄的增大所需睡眠越来越短);D.preferr有许多用法:prefertodosomething,例:Iprefertowearclothesmadeofnaturalfibers.我喜欢穿天然织物制成的服装;preferdoingsomething,例:Chantalpreferstravellingbytrain.Chantal喜欢坐火车旅行;prefersomebody/somethingtosomebody/something,例:Achildthatprefershisimaginaryworldtoreality.一个喜欢假象世界甚于现实世界的孩子;本句意为:身为一名白领的Maggie下班回家后总喜欢于点儿什么,不太喜欢什么都不干。因此选项D为答案。
19.
Theflowersinthevase______becausetheyhadnowater.A.witheredB.wrinkledC.ripenedD.prospered正确答案:A[解析]本题是说花瓶里的花因为没有水而枯萎了。A项的“wither凋谢,枯萎”符合题意。其他三项“wrinkle使皱;ripen成熟;prosper成功,兴盛”都不正确。
20.
______tosomepartsofSouthAmericaisstilldifficult,becausepartsofthecontinentarestillcoveredwiththickforests.A.OrientationB.AccessC.ProcessionD.Voyage正确答案:B
Part2VocabularyReplacement1.
Theartistcapturedthegirl'spersonalityinhisphotograph.A.distortedB.caughtC.maskedD.flattered正确答案:B[解析]动词辨析
A.distort扭曲,歪曲(真理、事实等);B.catch抓住,捕获,赶上(车船等),发觉,感染(疾病);C.mask伪装;D.flatter奉承,阿谀,使……高兴;而capture表示:俘获,夺取,捕捉;因此B为答案。
2.
Anytroopofwildanimalsshouldbeapproachedwarily.A.fearlesslyB.confidentlyC.silentlyD.prudently正确答案:D[解析]本题中,warily的意思是“小心警惕地”。D项“prudently谨慎地,慎重地”符合题意,如:bemodestandprudent(谦虚谨慎)。其他三项“fearlessly勇敢地;confidently信赖地,安心地;silently默默地,静静地”都不正确。
3.
Thecoachexplainedtheregulationsatlengthtomakesurethatnoneofhisplayersworldbecomeviolators.A.atlastB.atlargeC.indetailD.inshort正确答案:C[解析]句中词“atlength”表示“详细地”。A项“atlast”表示“最终”;B项“atlarge”表示“普遍”;C项“indetail”表示“详细地”;D项“inshort”表示“简而言之”。所以应该选C。[译文]教练详细的解释这个规则是为了确保不让任何一个来自世界各地的参赛者成为违规者。
4.
Hestoodaside,registeringthevivacityoftheschoollife.A.magnificenceB.confrontationC.animationD.panorama正确答案:C
5.
DrWhitecheckedthepatient'ssignscarefullybeforemakinghisstatement.A.synonymsB.symptomsC.symbolsD.suspensions正确答案:B[解析]这里A、B、C三项词形相近,但意义截然不同:symptoms“症状”与signs“迹象”意义相近。其他词义分别为:synonym“同义词”、symbols“象征,符号”和suspensions“暂缓,悬置”。
6.
Itisdeemedasimpolitetoleaveapartywithoutsaying"good-bye"tothehost.A.insistedB.condemnedC.convincedD.considered正确答案:D[解析]D项consider“考虑”与deem“认为”同义,其他选项均与句意不符:insist“坚持”、condemn“责难”和convince“确信”。
7.
RacingtheclockeverydayissuchanexhaustingeffortthatwhenIactuallyhaveafewfreemoments,Itendtocollapse.A.falldownB.fallillC.falloutD.fallbehind正确答案:A[解析]A项的意思是“掉下,倒下”,与“collapse塌陷”的意思相近。B项“病倒”;C项“吵闹,争吵”;D项“落后”。[译文]每天与时间赛跑是一项令人疲惫不堪的工作,当我确实有时间休息时,我几乎都要垮了。
8.
Suchlegalentitiesprovidethemeansforinternationalcooperationandsupportofmacroprojectsrelatedtothemoonandmarsthatencourageglobalprivatesectorparticipation.A.existencesB.vitalitiesC.persistencesD.complicities正确答案:A[解析]名词辨析entities实体;A.existences存在,存在物;B.vitalities活力,生命力;C.persistences坚持,持续;D.complicities同谋,共犯;因此A为答案。
9.
Shebustledaboutwithanassumptionofauthority.A.airB.suppositionC.appearanceD.face正确答案:A[解析]名词辨析。
withanassumptionofauthority假装权威的样子。A.air外观,样子:withanairOfauthority带着一副发号施令的样子,B.supposition假定,推想;C.appearance外观,外表,侧重指所能看到的人或物的外表,有时有表里不一之意,D.face表情,外观(有脸色、面容,外貌之意)。
10.
Theguestturnedupsidedownhisglassasasignalthathewoulddrinknomore.A.conversedB.inversedC.traversedD.reversed正确答案:D[解析]本题中,turnupsidedown的意思是“倒转,翻过来”。四个选项中,reverse的意思是“使某物反转,将某物翻转”,如:Shereversedthepaper.(她把纸翻过来。)converse的意思是“谈话,交谈”;inverse只能用作形容词和名词,没有动词用法;traverse的意思是“横过,穿过”。只有D符合题意。
11.
Heisthemostintrepidexplorerinthepresentcentury.A.successfulB.fearlessC.reliableD.fearsome正确答案:B[解析]形容词辨析
intrepid无畏的,勇猛的;A.successful成功的;B.fearless大胆的,勇敢的,无畏的,不怕的;C.reliable可靠的,可信赖的;D.fearsome可怕的;因此答案为B。
12.
Motivationisthedrivingforcewithinindividualsthatimpelsthemtoaction.A.impedesB.interferesC.holdsD.pushes正确答案:D[解析]动词辨析。
impels推动,推进,激励,趋势;A.impedes阻止;B.interferes干涉,妨碍,抵触;C.holds保存,把握;D.pushes推动,推行,逼迫;因此选项D为答案。
13.
EducationinRussiaandtheothernewcountriesfacesespeciallydauntingobstaclesbecausethestrugglingeconomiesofthesenationsoftenprovideinsufficientfundsforeducation.A.stunningB.discouragingC.concerningD.prevailing正确答案:B[解析]本题中,daunting的意思是“使人畏缩的”。B项的“discouraging令人气馁的”符合题意。其他三项“stunning极好的;concerning涉及;prevailing主要的”都不正确。
14.
Hehasatouchofeccentricityinhiscomposition.A.essayB.writingC.characterD.manner正确答案:C[解析]名词辨析。
composition作文,成分,气质,脾性:A.essay散文,小品文,随笔,评论;B.writing笔记,作品,著述;C.character性格,特征,特性;D.manner礼貌,风格,样式,本句话意为:他的性格有些古怪。因此选项C为答案。
15.
Themoststrikingtechnologicalsuccessinthe20thcenturyisprobablythecomputerrevolution.A.profitableB.productiveC.prominentD.prompt正确答案:C[解析]形容词辨析。
striking显著的,惊人的,A.profitable有利可图的,B.productive生产性的,多产的,C.prominent卓越的,显著的;D.prompt敏捷的,及时的:因此选项C为答案。
Part3CorrectingGrammaticalErrors1.
Alllivingcreaturespassoninheritedtraitsfromonegenerationtoother.A.theotherB.anotherC.othersD.otherone正确答案:B[解析]代词搭配。
根据句意:所有的生物都是一代一代地向下传递其遗传特性。another另一个,泛指同类事物中的另一个;本句是指从一代向另一代传递,因此fromonetoanother是正确选项。
2.
Dumpsewageintooceansandriversisaseriousformofpollution.A.HavingdumpedsewageB.BeingdumpedsewageC.DumpedsewageD.Dumpingsewage正确答案:D[解析]本题考查动名词作主语。句意为:把污水排入海洋和河流是一种严重的污染形式。句中已经有谓语了,所以只能用动名词作主语。所以,答案是D。
3.
WehadbetterwaitforyourgirlfriendJuliet,didn'twe?A.don'tB.hadn'tC.won'tD.shan't正确答案:B
4.
Thehandsonthisclockarelubricatesothatitcanbeseeninthedark.A.luminousB.luminaryC.lugubriousD.lubricable正确答案:A[解析]词语运用本句意为:这个钟上的指针是夜光的,因此在黑暗处也能看得见。A.luminous发光的,明亮的;B.luminary发光体(如日、月等天体);C.lugubrious(尤指故意装出来的)可怜的,悲惨的,悲哀的;D.lubricable可以涂油的,可润滑的;因此A为答案。
5.
Ourcompanywillprovideyouwithfreetransportationasyourequestedandchargetheinstallation.A.installationwithachargeB.intheinstallationC.freelyinstallationD.installationincharge正确答案:A[解析]本题考查并列结构。句意为:应你要求,我们公司会提供免费送货和付费安装服务。此处所填部分应和freetransportation并列,均为provide的宾语。所以前后结构应一致。所以,答案为A。
6.
Theadvertisingindustryintoday'sworlddoeshaveitsshareofresponsibilitiesinleadingpeopletomisconceptions.A.forleadingpeopletoB.toleadpeopletoC.toleadpeopleintoD.forleadingpeopleinto正确答案:A[解析]固定搭配
responsibility后可跟for或to,但意思不同:跟for表“负责,负责任”,而跟to表“职责”;例:Hetriestoescapetakingresponsibilityfortheaccident.他试图回避对那起事故负责。Itishisresponsibilitytomakearrangementsforthemeeting.安排这次会议是他的职责。另外,引导(人)到……应该用leadto,所以答案为A。
7.
Icannotthankyouvery.muchforyourkindness,Iowemysuccesstoyou.A.soB.tooC.asD.enough正确答案:B[解析]习惯搭配。
cannot…too…是固定搭配,表示“再……也不为过,越……越好”;答案为B。
8.
Wewerepleasedtoseethat,besidesourownvillagers,theaudiencewasmadeupofafairnumberofpeopleoutofaroundvillages.A.offaroundvillagesB.offvillagesaroundC.fromaroundvillagesD.fromvillagesaround正确答案:D
9.
Inspiteofillhealthandaphysicaldisabilitythatthreatenedhercareer.CarsonMcCullerscompletedanovelinthesummerof1961thatmadethebest-sellerlist.A.inabilityB.incapacityC.incapabilityD.failure正确答案:A[解析]A.inability无能,无力(指无法做事的事实);B.incapacity无能力,不胜任(指缺少做某件事的能力);C.incapability无能(指机器、人、或某个组织不具备天生/自然的能力或技巧来做事,尤其是困难之事);D.failure失败,缺乏,失灵,疏忽。因指受身体条件所限,因此答案为A。
10.
Thesalesmanagerofthecompanysuggestedmoremoneyistospentinamoreeffectiveadvertisingcampaignandbetterpackagingdesign.A.isspendingonB.willbespentinC.willbespentonD.bespenton正确答案:D[解析]结构应用。
此句是虚拟语气用法。动词suggest后要跟虚拟的宾语从句,宾语从句的谓语要用:动词原形或should+动词原形。此句的宾语从句又为被动语态,所以要用D.bespenton。
11.
Wereitnotforthetimelyinvestmentfromthegeneralpublic,ourcompanywouldnotbesothrivingasitis.A.BeitnotB.ShoulditnotbeC.IthadnotbeenD.Haditnotbeen正确答案:D
12.
Whenhefailshisfinalexamination,heissureofauniversityplace.A.IfB.IncaseC.EvenwhenD.Evenif正确答案:D[解析]连词应用。
根据句意,划线部分应填一个引导让步状语从句的连词,而if如果(引导条件从句),每当……时(表因果关系),即使(if当此意讲时,常用evenif);如:IfIamwrong,youarewrongtoo.即使我错了,你也对不了。incases在……的情况下,万一…,的话,如:Incaseanythingimportanthappens,pleasecallmeup.万一发生什么重要事情,请打电话给我。evenif即使,纵使(evenif的从句中含有强烈的假定性);如:Evenifheispoor,sheloveshim.即使他很穷,她还是爱他。所以应用选项D。
13.
Inourowngalaxy,theMilkyWay,thereareperhaps200billionstars,asmallpartofthemprobablyhaveplanetsonwhichlifeisfeasible.A.asmallfractioninwhichB.asmallfractionofwhichC.asmallfractionwhichD.whichafractionof正确答案:B[解析]本题考查结构应用。英语的定语从句(不论是限定性或非限定性)中,当关系代词作介词宾语时,介词前置,其中whom指人,which指物。而介词of表示整体中的一部分,afractionof表示“……的一部分”,所以B为答案。
14.
Asearlyasin1647Ohiomadeadecisionthatflee,tax-supportedschoolsmustbeestablishedineverytowntohave50householdsormore.A.hasB.havingC.havinghadD.had正确答案:B
15.
Itwasoneofthosedayswhenitlookedatfirstsomethinginterestingcouldhappen,butthenlater,whenyoudidn'texpectanything,almosteverythinghappened.A.nothingB.anythingC.everythingD.allthings正确答案:A[解析]根据上下文的语境,可推断出本句意为:就在那些日子里,开始看似不会有什么有趣的事发生,但后来当你并不期待任何事会发生时,却几乎每种事情都发生了。因为前面需填之词应与后面所提的not...anything语义一致,因此答案为A。
ⅡReadingComprehension
Withthesuddenonsetofseverepsychoticsymptoms,theindividualissaidtobeexperiencingacuteschizophrenia(精神分裂症)."Psychotic"meansoutoftouchwithreality,orunabletoseparaterealfromunrealexperiences.Somepeoplehaveonlyonesuchpsychoticepisode.Othershavemanyepisodesduringalifetimebutleadrelativelynormallivesduringinterimperiods.Theindividualwithchronic(continuousorrecurring)schizophreniaoftendoesnotfullyrecovernormalfunctioningandtypicallyrequireslong-termtreatment,generallyincludingmedication,tocontrolthesymptoms.Thesesymptomsmayincludehallucinations(幻觉),incoherence,delusions,lackofjudgment,deteriorationoftheabilitiestoreasonandfeelemotion,andalackofinteractionbetweenthepatientandhisenvironment.Thehallucinationsmaybeavisual,auditory,ortactile.Somechronicschizophrenicpatientsmayneverheabletofunctionwithoutassistanceofonesortoranother.1.
WhichofthefollowingisNOTasymptomofschizophrenia?A.Hallucinations.B.Delusions.C.Incoherence.D.Vertigo.正确答案:D[解析]细节题型。
见文章倒数第三句:Thesesymptomsmayincludehallucinations(幻觉),incoherence(语无伦次),delusions(错觉),lackofjudgment,deteriorationoftheabilitiestoreasonandfeelemotion,andalackofinteractionbetweenthepatientandhisenvironment.其中提到精神分裂症的症状,选项D.Vertigo(眩晕)不是,所以是答案。
2.
Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatapersonexperiencingacuteschizophreniamostlikely______.A.cannotlivewithoutmedicationB.cannotgoonlivingC.canholdafull-timejobD.cannotdistinguishrealfromunreal正确答案:D[解析]推断题型。
见文章前两句:Withthesuddenonsetofseverepsychoticsymptoms,theindividualissaidtobeexperiencingacuteschizophrenia(精神分裂症)."Psychotic"meansoutoftouchwithreality,orunabletoseparaterealfromunrealexperiences.一个人如突发严重的精神病则患有急性精神分裂症,而患有精神病则意味着与现实脱节或无法区分真实和虚幻的体验。由此可推论出选项D.cannotdistinguishrealfromunreal正确。
3.
Accordingtothispassage,thinkingthatonecanflymightbeanexampleof______.A.medicineoverdoseB.beingoutoftouchwithrealityC.recoveringnormalfunctioningD.symptomcontrol正确答案:B[解析]推断题型。
因为人不会飞,由此可推论出:“thinkingthatonecanfly”的人一定是与现实脱节的,所以选项B正确。
4.
ThepassagesuggeststhatthebeginningofseverepsychoticsymptomsofacuteschizophreniamaybeanyofthefollowingEXCEPT______.A.debilitatingB.suddenoccurrenceC.occurringafteralongperiodofnormalcyD.drug-induced正确答案:D[解析]推断题型。
见文章第四句:Othershavemanyepisodesduringalifetimebutleadrelativelynormallivesduringinterimperiods.……但在发作间歇过着相对正常的生活。由此可推论:发病时人体的机能不能正常发挥,处于虚弱状态即选项A。明显的症状是与C相符,间歇发作。文章第一句Withthesuddenonsetof暗示疾病是突发的,即选项B。关于药物是否会引发疾病发作没有任何信息提示,故选项D应为答案。
5.
Thepassageimpliesthatnormallifemaybepossibleforthechronicschizophrenicwiththehelpof______.A.medicinesB.neuroticepisodesC.psychoticepisodesD.time正确答案:A[解析]细节题型。
见文章第五句:Theindividualwithchronic(continuousorrecurring)schizophreniaoftendoesnotfullyrecovernormalfunctioningandtypicallyrequireslong-termtreatment,…。慢性精神分裂症患者常无法完全恢复正常的机能且需要长期的治疗,……。四个选项中A.medicines药物;B.neuroticepisodes神经病的发作;C.psychoticepisodes精神病的发作;D.time。只有A符合题意:慢性精神分裂症患者常要借助于药物(治疗)。
Fewcreaturesonearthareascuteastheblackliontamarin,andfewhaveasdramaticastoryline.Pug-nosedanddiminutive,withacomicfringeofhair,thesemonkeysdwellintreesinsmalltractsofforestinsoutheasternBrazil.Ortheydiduntil1905,whentheyweredeclaredextinct.Noonesawablackliontamarinagaininthewilduntil1970.Later,inthe1990s,someBrazilianresearchersturnedupasmallsetofisolated,inbredpopulationsscatteredoverawideregion.Sincethattime,theyhavebeenengineeringtamarinmigration,doingeverythingtheycantosavetheworld'smostdistinctiveprimates.
Althoughtheyarenolargerthanhousecats,tamarinshavebrainsbigfortheirsizeandafamilylifeorganizedlikeourown.Theyliveingroupsanchoredbyanadultmaleandadultfemale,alongwiththeiroffspring.Whenamotherbearsyoung,sheusuallyproducestwins,andalthoughmembersofthegroupshareintheirupbringing,itismostoftenthefatherwhocarriesthemaroundinthetrees,wherethefamiliesfeedonfruits,insectsandbird'seggs.
Unhappilyfortheliontamarins,theirtree-boundnichebegantodisappearafterthePortugueselandedinBrazilandbeganclearingforesttomakeroomforRiodeJaneiro,thesettlementsandfarms.Asisthecaseforsomanythreatenedspecies,thebreakupoftheirhabitatsoundedthedeathknellfortamarins,deprivingthemofthecontinuityofforesttheyrequiretoremainabundantandsafefrompotentialthreatsinanysinglevicinity.Theanimalsavoidpredatorsbyhardlyevercomingdownfromthetrees,soevenanarrowloggingroadthroughaforestcanbeginthebreakupbypreventingthemfrommovingfromonepatchofforesttoanother.
Asimplesolutionwastobuildbridgesacrossroads,allowingthemonkeystomovefromoneforesttoanother.Withsomelumberandtheresearchers'work,habitatsthathadbeenseparatedbecamecontinuousagain,improvingopportunitiesformigratingandmating.
Thenextstepwastobroadenthedistributionofthepopulation.Theresearcherscapturedtwofamiliesofblackliontamarinsandmovedthemtoanewforest.Afterayear,themovesweredeclaredasuccess:Notonlyhad80percentofthetamarinssurvived,buttheyhadalsoproducednewoffspring.Sofar,sogood.Theresearchershadlearnedtheanimalscouldadjusttothenewhabitats,eveniftheinsectstheretastedalittledifferentorthetreeswereaslightlydifferentsize.
Thetechniquesforsavingspeciesinthewildvary.Specieswithlessstringenthabitatrequirements,likewildturkeys,havebeenrescuedbymovingthemintonewsettingsaswellasoutlawingtheirkilling.Morechallengingtopreservearespeciesthatrequirealotofland,likeelephants,andspeciesthathavehighlyspecificrequirementsforhabitatandprey--likeblack-footedferrets.Ultimately,asinallchallenges,knowledgeispowertosavewildspeciesfromextinction.6.
AtamarincanbecalledanyofthefollowingEXCEPT______.A.amonkeyB.aprimateC.ahousecatD.aliontamarin正确答案:C[解析]是非题型选项A在第一段第三行中有所提及;选项B在第一段第八行中有所提及;选项D在第一段第一行中有所提及;因此C为答案。
7.
AccordingtoParagraph1,thetamarinstorycanberetoldchronologicallyasfollows:
Ⅰ.Tamarinsweredeclaredextinct.
Ⅱ.Noonesawatamarininthewild.
Ⅲ.TamarinsusedtoliveinforestsinsouthernBrazil.
Ⅳ.Theresearchershavebeendoingeverythingtheycantosavetamarins.
Ⅴ.Someresearchersfoundbychanceasmallsetoftamarins.A.Ⅳ--Ⅱ--Ⅰ--Ⅲ--ⅤB.Ⅲ--Ⅰ--Ⅱ--Ⅴ--ⅣC.Ⅱ--Ⅰ--Ⅲ--Ⅴ--ⅣD.Ⅰ--Ⅱ--Ⅲ--Ⅳ--Ⅴ正确答案:B[解析]细节题型Chronologically表示:按年代顺序排列地。Ⅰ.的内容在第四行中提及,发生在1905年一1905年宣称tamarin(绢毛猴)已灭绝;Ⅱ.的内容在第五行中提及,发生在1970年,直到1970年没有人见过黑脸狮狨猴;Ⅲ.的内容在第三行中提及,发生在1905年前,这些猴栖息在巴西东南部森林间的空旷地域的树上;Ⅳ.的内容在第六行中提及,发生在二十世纪九十年代,从那时起巴西的一些研究人员就一直在尽他们所能来挽救世界上最与众不同的灵长类,设计绢毛猴的移民;Ⅴ.的内容在第五行中提及,发生在二十世纪九十年代一巴西的一些研究人员发现了一小群与世隔离的天生绢毛猴分散在广阔的地域;因此按时间顺序分,它们应是Ⅲ—Ⅰ—Ⅱ—Ⅴ—Ⅳ;答案为B。
8.
WhichofthefollowingisNOTcharacteristicofatamarinfamily?A.AtamarinfamilyconsistsofFather,Motherandtheirchildren.B.Thefamilylifeisorganizedlikehumans.C.Allthefamilymemberssharetheresponsibilityintheupbringing.D.Tamarinbrainsarebigfortheirsize.正确答案:D[解析]是非题型A、B、C选项的内容在第二段讲的绢毛猴科的特性中都有提及,只有选项D的内容没有提及,因此D为答案。
9.
Tamarinslosttheparadiseoftheirtree-boundnichemainlybecausethePortuguese______.A.cutdowntreestomakeroomsofthehousesB.clearedtheforeststosetupcitiesandfarmsC.deforestedsomeregionsforplaygroundsD.huntedthemostdistinctivemonkeys正确答案:B[解析]细节题型见第三段第一句:Unhappilyfortheliontamarins,theirtree-boundnichebegantodisappearafterthePortugueselandedinBrazilandbeganclearingforesttomakeroomforRiodeJaneiro,thesettlementsandfarms.在葡萄牙人抵达巴西后开始砍伐森林以腾出空地来修建定居地和开垦农田以后,不幸的是绢毛猴赖以生存的生活环境就开始消失。因此B为答案。
10.
ThebreakupofthehabitatsresultedinthefollowingEXCEPT______.A.alackoffoodfortamarinstoliveonB.potentialthreatstotamarinscomingnearbyC.tamarins'hardlycomingdowntreestoavoidpredatorsD.agoodfortuneformanyotherthreatenedanimals正确答案:D[解析]是非题型见第三段第二句:Asisthecaseforsomanythreatenedspecies,thebreakupoftheirhabitatsoundedthedeathknellfortamarins,deprivingthemofthecontinuityofforesttheyrequiretoremainabundantandsafefrompotentialthreatsinanysinglevicinity.(正如许许多多濒危物种一样,绢毛猴们赖以生存的生活环境的崩溃为他们敲响了丧钟,任何一块聚居地的潜在威胁也剥夺了他们保持大量种群和安全所需的连片的森林);因此选项A,B,C中提到的食物短缺、潜在威胁的逼近及原本为逃避那些食肉动物在树上生活所需的连片森林都是原因,因此D为答案。
11.
Thelumberbridgesweredevisedto______.A.improvechancesfortamarinstomeetandmateB.connectonceseparatedhabitatsforthesakeofresearchC.makeuseofsomelumbercutdownD.bothAandC正确答案:A[解析]细节题型见第四段:一个简单的解决办法就是建造横跨大路的大桥,以便这些猴子们可以从一片森林向另一片移动。有了这些伐木做的桥和研究工作者们的帮助,原先被分隔开的栖息地又成为连片的了,这大大提高了猴子们移居和交配的机率。因此A为答案。
12.
Whatdidtheresearcherslearnfromthesecondstep?A.Thetreesinthenewforestwereindifferentsize.B.Theinsectsinthenewforesthadadifferenttaste.C.Tamarinscouldgetusedtothenewenvironment.D.Above80%oftamarinssurvived.正确答案:C[解析]细节题型见第五段最后一句:Theresearchershadlearnedtheanimalscouldadjusttothenewhabitats,eveniftheinsectstheretastedalittledifferentorthetreeswereaslightlydifferentsize.这句主要讲得是动物们可以适应新的生活环境;evenif后面的两个让步状语从句分别为选项A、B中的内容,因此答案为C。
13.
Theadvicetheauthormissedgivinginsavingwildspeciesis______.A.havingathoroughunderstandingoftherequirementsneededB.havingenoughhumanandfinancialresourcesC.outlawingthekillingoftheprotectedspeciesD.differenttechniquesfordifferentanimals正确答案:B[解析]是非题型A的内容在第六段最后一句有所提及;C的内容在第六段第二句有所提及;D的内容在第六段第一句有所提及;因此B为答案。
14.
Tosavethewildspeciesfromextinction,theauthorputthestresson______.A.knowledgeB.techniqueC.persistenceD.confidence正确答案:A[解析]细节题型见第六段最后一句:Ultimately,asinallchallenges,knowledgeispowertosavewildspeciesfromextinction.(从根本上来讲,在所有的挑战中知识是挽救野生物种免遭灭绝的力量);因此答案为A。
15.
Theauthorwantstotellusthat______.A.theprimatologistshavebeendevisingwaystosavethethreatenedtamarinsB.theblackliontamarinisthemostdistinctiveanimalofallanimalsC.thetamarinsorganizetheirfamilylifelikeourownD.thePortuguesewerethedisaster-makerstothetamarins正确答案:A[解析]推断题型通读全文可知,本文先从濒危物种之一的tamarins说起,……它们的遭遇,研究工作者们的努力……;因此可推断出本文作者想要告诉我们这些研究工作者们(灵长类动物学家们theprimatologists)想尽办法来挽救这些濒危的tarmarins。因此答案为A。
Cooperationisthecommonendeavoroftwoormorepeopletoperformataskorreachajointlycherishedgoal.Likecompetitionandconflict,therearedifferentformsofcooperation,basedongrouporganizationandattitudes.
Inthefirstform,knownasprimarycooperation,groupandindividualunite.Thegroupcontainsnearlyallofeachindividual'slife.Therewardsofthegroup'sworkaresharedwitheachmember.Thereisaninterlockingidentityofindividual,group,andtaskperformed.Meansandgoalsbecomeone,forcooperationitselfisvalued.
Whileprimarycooperationismostoftencharacteristicofpreliteratesocieties,secondarycooperationischaracteristicofmanymodernsocieties.Insecondarycooperation,individualsdevoteonlypartoftheirlivestothegroup.Cooperationitselfisnotavalue.Mostmembersofthegroupfeelloyalty,butthewelfareofthegroupisnotthefirstconsideration.Membersperformtaskssothattheycanseparatelyenjoythefruitsoftheircooperationintheformofsalary,prestige,orpower.Businessofficesandprofessionalathleticteamsareexamplesofsecondarycooperation.
Inthethirdtype,calledtertiarycooperationoraccommodation,latentconflictunderliesthesharedwork.Theattitudesofthecooperatingpartiesarepurelyopportunistic;theorganizationislooseandfragile.Accommodationinvolvescommonmeanstoachieveantagonisticgoals;itbreaksdownwhenthecommonmeansceasetoaideachpartyinreachingitsgoals.Thisisnot,strictlyspeaking,cooperationatall,andhencethesomewhatcontradictorytermantagonisticcooperationissometimesusedforthisrelationship.16.
Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinParagraph1ofthepassage?A.Toexplainhowcooperationdiffersfromcompetitionandconflict.B.Toshowtheimportanceofgrouporganizationandattitudes.C.Toofferabriefdefinitionofcooperation.D.Tourgereaderstocooperatemoreoften.正确答案:C[解析]本题考查主旨大意。根据文章第一段“Cooperationisthecommonendeavoroftwoormorepeopletoperformataskorreachajointlycherishedgoal.Likecompetitionandconflict,therearedifferentformsofcooperation,basedongrouporganizationandattitudes.”可知,此段主要是解释Cooperation的定义,随后又作了类比。所以,答案是C。
17.
Theunderlinedword"cherished"inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.prizedB.basedonC.definedD.setup正确答案:A[解析]本题考查推理判断。reachajointlycherishedgoal应与or
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