名词性从句 Grammar 课件-高三上学期英语一轮复习专项

语法宾语从句和表语从句的用法英语句子的种类简单句(simplesentence)并列句(compoundsentence)复合句(complexsentence)S+VS+V+OS+V(系动词)+PS+V+IO+DOS+V+O+OCＳ│Ｖ(不及物动词)1.Thesun│rose.2.Who│cares?Ｓ│Ｖ(是系动词)│Ｐ(表语)1.This│is│anEnglish-Chinesedictionary.2.Thedinner│smells│good.3.He│fell│inlove.Ｓ│Ｖ(及物动词)│Ｏ(宾语)1.Who│knows│theanswer?2.He│hasrefused│tohelpthem.3.He│enjoys│reading.Ｓ│Ｖ(及物)│ｏ(多指人)│Ｏ(多指物)She│ordered│herself│anewdress.2.He│brought│you│adictionary.Ｓ│Ｖ(及物)│Ｏ(宾语)│Ｃ(宾补)1.They│painted│thedoor│green.2.They│found│thehouse│deserted.3.He│asked│me│tocomebacksoon.4.I│saw│them│gettingonthebus.

1.TheboywhoisstandingoverthereisTom.2.Becauseitisraining,wehavetostayathome.

定语从句

状语从句3.Iknow(that)heisfromAmerica.(宾语从句）名词性从句---复合句:主句+从句定语从句状语从句名词性从句

主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句名词性从句名词性从句：在功能上相当于名词,在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等3、引导连词：that,whether,if,asif。名词性从句引导词有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。that无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if(whether),asif虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。1、连接代词：who,whose,whom,what,which2、连接副词：when,where,why,how宾语从句ObjectClauses

Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主语谓语宾语主语谓语宾语---宾语从句连词从句主语从句谓语

什么是宾语？Iknowhim.Doyouhavethetime?Ithink(that)sheisbeautiful.Whydon’tyoupayattentiontome?

宾语位于谓语动词或者介词后一、宾语从句的概念从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。

E.g.Weknow

MrGreenteachesEnglish.

Sheasked

iftheseanswerswereright.引导词（连接词）语序时态三要素如何区分宾语从句？They

know

theteacher.

主语谓语宾语They

know

theteacherisverykind.

主语谓语宾语从句

▲句子做宾语就是宾语从句。

Wewonderhowweshalldo.Couldyoutellmewheretheyare?Webelievethattheyhavefinishedtheirtask,don’twe?4.IamsorrythatIdidn’tknowyouwanttojointheParty.找出下列句中的宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。...谓+宾语从句

...介词+宾语从句引导词（连接词）语序时态宾语从句三要素1.Martinneverlearnt_____hewas.2.Thepoliceasked_______carwasstolen.3.Idon'tknow______thevazebelongsto.4.Shedidnotknow______hadhappened.5.---couldyoudomeafavor?---Itdependson______itis.6.Idon'tknow________countryhecomesfrom.1、连接代词：who,whose,whom,what,which引导词whowhosewhomwhatwhatwhich1，What在宾语从句中充当_________

表示______________________.Canyoutellme

what’sthematter?whatitis？whatyoumean?主语、宾语或表语……的（人,事,话，样子等）另：what不引导定语从句2、连接副词：when,where,why,howCanyoutellme______thetrainleaves?Hetoldme______LuXunoncelived.Doyouknow_______shegotupsoearlythismorning?Hetoldus________

theywonthematch.whenwherewhyhow3、连接词：that,whether,if,1.Hetoldus_____hefeltill.2.Everybodycouldsee________happenedand_______Tomwasfrightened.3.Idoubt__________hewillsucceed.4.Idon’tknow___________youcanhelpme.（1）that可以省略（2）if与whether可互换thatwhatthatwhetherif/(whether)

Idon'tknow_________ornotyou'llgo.

Hedoesn'tknow_________tovisitthatoldmanagain.

I'minterestedin_______he'llgoornot.

______helivesthere,Iwanttoknow.

Wediscuss_______weshouldclosethestore.whetherWhetherwhetherwhetherwhether▲后面有ornot▲后面跟不定式时▲宾从在介词后▲当宾语从句置于句首时▲在动词discuss之后只用whether不用if

if/whether

1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.

3.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.

4.Idon’tknow___________heiswellornot.

5.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.

8.Idon’tknow_______togo.

if/whetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhether宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分语序特殊疑问句：

Whoishe?陈述句：Heisastudent.一般疑问句：Isheastudent?我不知道他是谁我问他是否是个学生。他说他是个学生。1.Hesays___________________.thatheisastudent2.Iaskhim__________________________

whether(if)heisastudent.3.Idon’tknow_____________whoheis.陈述句作宾语引导词用__________无词义，可以省略.1.Hesays___________________.that一般疑问句作宾语，引导词___________有词义,“是否”，不作句子成分.

whether或if特殊疑问句作宾语，引导词用______________，必须作句子成分特殊疑问词thatheisastudent

whether(if)heisastudent.2.Iaskhim__________________________3.Idon’tknow_____________whoheis.1、Iamsure______________________________.

（他来自美国）2、Idon’tknow__________________________.

（他是否喜欢音乐）3、Doyouknow_________________________.（她正在谈论什么）（that）hecomesfromAmericawhether（if）helovesmusicwhatsheistalkingabout汉译英What’swrong?What’sthematter?Whathashappened?Whoisintheclassroom?Whichisthewaytothestation?

一些特殊疑问词如what,who等在宾语从句中作主语时，语序不变：2)Canyoutellme_________________?What’swrong?What’sthematter?Whathashappened?Whoisintheclassroom?Whichisthewayto……?

1.Theradiosaysit_______(be)cloudytomorrow.2.Theheadmasterhopeseverything______(go)well.3.Ihearthey______________(return)italready.4.Hesaidthatthey___________(be)membersofthePartysince1948.5.Ourteachertoldusinclassthesun__________intheeast.(rise)

willbegoes

havereturned

hadbeen

rises三、时态(兼顾主句时态）Idoubt___________heistellingthetruth.Weneverdoubt______theplanwillbecarriedout.Doeshedoubt____youarefromAustria?I’mdoubtful____________hewillagreetothis.

if/whether

that

that

if/whetherdoubtIdoubtif/whetherhewillpasstheexam.Idon'tdoubtthatwewillwinthematch.Doyoudoubtthathediditonhisown?that引导宾语从句时不可省略的情况中间有插入语或状语多个并列宾语从句第二个或以后介词宾语it做形式宾语1.Hejudgedthat,becausehewasachild,hedidnotunderstandit.2.Hesaidhewaswrongandthathewouldsaysorrytome.3.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothers.4.Wethinkitimpossiblethathecanfinishthetaskinsuchashorttime.TheSwedestoodstill,except________hislipsmovedslightly.Sheisnotsatisfiedwith_______shehasachieved.Maryalwaysthinksof_______shecandomorefortheclass.Hewrotealetterofthanksto________helpedhim.(任何一个)Itdependson_________wehaveenoughtimethat

what

how

whoeverwhether

I’mafraid(that)I’llbelate.Weweresurprisedthathelostthegame.that可以省略此类表语形容词有:afraid,pleased,happy,satisfied,anxious,sure,surprised,certainglad,awareconsider,find,think,feel,make等动词常带宾语补足语,这时要用形式宾语it,宾语从句放到宾补之后.IconsideritnecessarythatweshouldlearnEnglishwell.我认为学好英语是必要的.IconsiderthatweshouldlearnEnglishwellnecessary.Weconsiderhersuitableforthejob.

宾语

宾补it不能漏从句后移1.Wethinkthatmiddleschoolstudentsmasteroneforeignlanguagepossible.(改用形式宾语it)Wethinkitpossiblethatmiddleschoolstudentsmasteroneforeignlanguage.2.Wehavemadethataforeignlanguageisusefulweaponinthestruggleoflifeclear.(改用形式宾语it)Wehavemadeitclearthataforeignlanguageisusefulweaponinthestruggleoflife.表语从句什么叫做表语？Heisastudent.Theproblemseemspuzzling.Hisjobistopaintthewalls.Herjobistakingcareofthechildren.表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当,它常位于系动词（be,become,appear,seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词）之后。一、表语从句的定义：

表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。Thequestioniswhowilldoit.

系动词表语从句连系动词：1.be动词,2.好象类:seem,appear,3.存在,证明类:

exist,prove,turnout4.感官动词:look,feel,sound,taste,see,hear...5.变化类动词become,turn,grow,get...，6.持续类动词remain,keep,stay,continue,stand二、表语从句的构成：

（系动词）+引导词+简单句WhatIwanttosayisthatIamtired.引导词表语从句主语从句系动词(1)

从属连词that、whether

：两者在从句中均不作成分，只起连接作用；that无实际意义，但不可以省略。whether表示“是否”，不能换成if。1.Thequestioniswhetherhe'llcomehere.2.Myideaisthatweshouldleavehereatonce.1.Theproblemiswhocanfinishthetask.2.Shanghaiisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.(2)

连接代词who,

whom,

whose,

what,

which等。在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分,有自己的词义。(3)

连接副词

where,

when,

how,

why等。在从句中作时间、原因、地点、方式状语等成分。1.WhatIwanttoknowiswhenhewillbeback.2.ThatiswhyIlikeLiBaisomuch.3.Themysteryishowthepyramidswerebuilt.

特殊用法:1.because引导的表语从句的结构.2.asif/asthough引导的表语从句常在连系动词look,seem,sound,be,become后面.Myangerisbecauseyouhavn‘tfinishyourhomework.Itseemedasifitwasgoingtorain.在表示建议、劝告、命令等含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用“（should）+do”。常见的词有：advice,suggestion,order,proposal等。三.使用虚拟语气的表语从句Mysuggestionis

thatwe(should)startatonce.宾语、表语从句考查主要内容：引导词的选择与判断；词序：陈述句；时态：注意主、从句时态的呼应引导词的选用：弄清句意；分析句子成分，确定所缺词在从句中的作用123121.Hetoldme__________hewouldgotocollegethenextyear.2.Idon’tknow__________therewillbeabus.3.Ireallydon’tknow___________youshoulddependonifyoudon’tdependonyourparents.用适当的词填空，使下列宾语从句和表语从句意思完整。that/不填if/whetherwhom/who4.Wethinkitnecessary_____wetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.5.Tomisverylazy.Thatis____hedidn’tpasstheexam.6.Thisis___________wefoundthestrangetrees.7.Myideais_____weshouldalldoourbesttodoeverythingwell.thatwhywhere/howthat1.Canyoutellmehowmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?

2.Idon'tknowwherehashegone.

3.Theowneroftheshopcametoseewhatthematterwas.

Canyoutellmehowmanystudentsthereareinyourclass?Idon'tknowwherehehasgone.Theowneroftheshopcametoseewhatwasthematter.名词从句中须使用陈述语序！找出下列句子中的错误4.Ifeelthatapitythathehasmadesuchamistake.Everybodyconsidersitimpossiblewhichhewantstofinishthejobinsuchashorttime.6.YoumustkeepitinmindyouareaChinese.Itthat主语从句和宾语从句在适当的情况下可以借助“it”而后置。thatⅠ.单句语法填空1．Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree­linedstreet，notknowing______shewasheading.2．Theeight­year­oldboysaid_____hewantedtogivehisparentsabowforwhattheyhaddoneforhim.

3．Manypeoplewanttoknow_____lifewillbelikeinspace.4．Fewpeopleactuallyknow______thestrangeobjectcamefrom.

5．Idon’tknow____Ishouldsolvetheproblem，soIwillconsultmyelderbrother.6．Thedoctormadeitclear_____thesickboywouldneedanoperation.

wherethatwhatwherehowthat7．Whatthescientistsdoknowis_____theseamonsterismorethan4meterslong.8．TonywenttoBeijingthismorning.Thatwas_