2024年英语高考一轮复习专题精练 完形填空说明文含详解

专题26完形填空（说明文）

刷大题、提能力

1.(2023•辽宁•东北育才学校校考三模)

Youngboysoftendreamofsuperpowerstosolvetheirproblems.Itwas1933,whilethecountrywasstill[

theGreatDepression,JerrySiegelandJoeShusterpul(heir2downonpaper.Intheprocess,(heycreatedthe

world'smostpopularsuperhero,Superman.

Joewastheartistandsketchedallthetime,3outatnewsstandsabsorbedinmagazines,especially

44AmazingStories,“andthen4torecreatethemathome.Jerrywasthestoryteller.TheideaofSuperman5

uponhiminthemiddleofasleeplesssummernight.WhentheSuperman'soriginstorystarted6,hedashedover

toJoe'splaceandshowedittohim.Thentheyjustsatdown,andworkedstraightout.

Asisoftenthecase,whenweexperiencesomething1inlife,wedealwiththefeelingthrough8

expression.Jerry'sfatherhaddiedduringarobbery.Ayoungchildmight9thatexperiencebywishing

somethingcouldhave10it.ForJerry,outcametheManofSteel,whowas11tobulletsand

protectinginnocentpeoplewashis12.

ThestoryofSupermanhasinspiredkidsforgenerations.1(has13theirfearsanddriventheirdreams.

Most14,theManofSteelhasinspiredusalltofindoursuperpowerandusethemtohelpothers.Therefore,the

nexttimeyouarcinspiredto15afriendfrombeingbullied,orhelpthewidownextdoorwithyoursuperpower

smile,thankJoeandJerry,twoawkwardhighschoolkidswhodreamtupSuperman——makingtheworldalittlemoresafe

andfair

1.A.evaluatingB.undergoingC.controllingD.overcoming

2.A.conceptsB.principlesC.ideasD.disputes

3.A.hangingB.workingC.runningD.figuring

4.A.getoutB.standoutC.setoutD.putout

5.A.struckB.dawnedC.fellD.occurred

6.A.takingactionB.takingeffectC.takingshapeD.takingaim

7.A.tiresomeB.tragicC.memorableD.grateful

8.A.creativeB.personalC.academicD.skillful

9.A.reinemberB.commendC.judgeD.process

10.,A.defeatedB.predictedC.preventedD.supported

11.A.subjectB.resistantC.sensitiveD.accustomed

12.A.responsibilityB.beliefC.commandD.contribution

13.A.sharedB.confirmedC.boostedD.calmed

14.A.unexpectedlyB.importantlyC.fortunatelyD.obviously

15.A.banB.helpC.saveD.facilitate

2.（2023•山东淄博•统考三模）

ChatGPThasbeeneverywhereforthelastfewmonths.Itraises16abouttheirimpactoneverything

happeninginoursociety.

ChatGPTisanaturallanguageprocessingtool17byAItechnologythatallowsyoutohavehuman-like

18andmuchmore.Thelanguagemodelcananswerquestionsand19youwithtasks,suchascomposing

emails,essays,andcode.

The20toproducefrequentlyaccurateresponsestoavastrangeofquestionsiswhyitbecamethe

fastest-growingappofalltime,21100millionusersinonlytwomonths.Thefactthatitcanalso22

essays,articles,andpoetryhasonly23itsappeal.Itisalsoequally24atcodingandproductivitytasks.

Fortheformer,itsabilityto25codefromnaturalspeechmakesitapowerfulpartnerforbothnewand26

coders.

Despitelookingveryimpressive,ChatGPTstillhas27.Suchrestrictionsincludetheinabilitytoanswer

questionsthatarewordedina28way,asitrequiresrewordingtounderstandtheinputquestion.Abigger

limitationisalackofqualityinthe29itdelivers.Anothermajorlimitationisthatitsdataislimitedupto2021.

Thechatrobotdoesnothaveany30ofeventsornewsthathaveoccurredsincethen.Lastly,ChatGPTdoesnot

providesourcesforitsresponses.

16.A.requestsB.concernsC.emotionsD.doubts

17.A.drivenB.followedC.inspiredD.entertained

18.A.conflictsB.challengesC.interestsD.conversations

19.A.manageB.controlC.assistD.accompany

20.A.abilityB.chanceC.responsibilityD.purpose

21.A.consultingB.reachingC.introducingD.counting

22.A.causeB.returnC.existD.generate

23.A.addedtoB.connectedtoC.devotedtoD.owedto

24.A.deierminedB.equippedC.talentedD.alarmed

25.A.saveB.createC.chooseD.describe

26.A.cautiousB.untrainedC.familiarD.experienced

27.A.limitationsB.possibilitiesC.requirementsD.advantages

28.A.rightB.suitableC.specificD.natural

29.A.approachesB.responsesC.contributionD.sensitivity

30.A.noticeB.questionC.feelingD.awareness

3.（2023•重庆市万州第二高级中学校考三模）

Whenitcametomoralreasoning,weliketothinkourviewsonrightandwrongarerational.Butultimatelytheyare

groundedinemotion.Philosophershavearguedoverthisclaimforaquarterofamillenniumwithout31.Time's

up!Nowscientistsarmedwithbrainscannersaresteppingintosettlethematter.Thoughreasoncanshapemoraljudgment,

emotionisoften32.

HarvardpsychologistJoshuaGrccncdocsbrainscansofpeopleastheystudytheso-calledtrolleyproblem.Supposea

trolleyisrollingdownthetracktowardfivepeoplewhowilldieunlessyoupullalever（杠杆）thatpushesitontoanother

trackwhere,33.liesonepersonwhowilldieinstead.Aneasycall,mostpeoplesay:34thelossoflife

—a"utilitariarT（实用主义的）goal,asphilosophersputit—isthethingtodo.

Butsupposetheonlywaytosavethefivepeopleistopushsomeoneelseontothetrack—abystanderwhosebody

willbringthetrolleytoastopbeforeithitstheothers.It'sstillaone-for-five35.andyoustillinitiatetheaction

thatdoomstheone.36,nowyouaremoredirectlyinvolved;mostpeoplesayitwouldbewrongtodo（his

trade-ofT.Why?AccordingtoGreene'sbrainscans,thesecondsituationmorethoroughlyexcitespartsofthebrainlinkedto

37thandoesthelever-pullingsituation.Apparently,theintuitivehesitationofgivingsomeoneadeadlypushismore

38thanthehesitationofadeadlyleverpull.Furtherstudiessuggestthatinbothcasestheemotionalconcerns39

controlwithmorerationalpartsofthebrain.Inthesecondsituation,theemotionsarcusuallystrongenoughtowin.And

whentheylose,itisonlyafteratough40process.Thefewpeoplewhoapproveofpushinganinnocentman

ontothetrackstakelonger（oreachtheirdecision.Sotoowithpeoplewhoapproveofsmothering（闷死）acryingbaby

ratherthancatchingtheattentionofenemytroopswhowouldthenkillthebabyalongwithother4J.Greene

explainsthatourintuitivedisliketoihekillingofaninnocentgraduallyevolvedtobecomeespeciallysensitivetovisionsof

directphysicalattack.

PrincetonphilosopherPeterSingerarguesthatweshould42ourmoralintuitions（本能）andaskwhether

theydeserverespectinthefirstplace.Whyobeymoralimpulsesthatevolvedtoservethe"43gene“一suchas

sympathythatmovestowardrelativesandfriends?Whynotworrymoreaboutpeopleanoceanawaywhosesufferingwc

could44relieve?Isn'titbettertosave10starvingAfricanbabiesthantokeepyour90-year-oldfatheronlife

support?Intheabsenceofatoughdecision-makingprocess,reasonmayindeedbea（n）"45ofthepassions”.

31.A.comprehensionB.hesitationC.resolutionD.permission

32.A.reliableB.invisibleC.impressiveD.decisive

33.A.unfortunatelyB.obviouslyC.surprisinglyD.inevitably

34.A.regrettingB.minimizingC.justifyingD.estimating

35.A.struggleB.dealC.lossD.mistake

36.A.LikewiseB.HoweverC.ThereforeD.Moreover

37.A.memoryB.reasonC.emotionD.sensory

38.A.enduringB.obviousC.acceptableD.intense

39.A.competeforB.comefromC.takeoverD.engagein

40.A.self-reflectingB.decision-makingC.problem-solvingD.attention-calling

41.A.innocentsB.hostagesC.relativesD.soldiers

42.A.trustB.applyC.examineD.ignore

43.A.superiorB.stubbornC.caringD.selfish

44.A.willinglyB.collectivelyC.deliberatelyD.cheaply

45.A.masterB.advocateC.slaveD.protester

4.（2023•安徽•合肥市第八中学校考模拟预测）

StudentsatanelementaryschoolinCalifornia,withthehelpoftheirartteacher,createdatelephonehotlinethatpeople

cancalltoget46advicefromkidsduringdifficulttimes.Injus(days,(hehotlinebegangettingthousandsof

callsanhour.

JessicaMartin,whoteachesartatWestSideSchoolinHealdsburg,California,47herstudentsjustmight

havethemagicwordsneededtobring48topeopleinthesedifficulttimes."Tohearthepure49from

kidsisextremelycomforting,vshesays.

Theprojectwascalled“PepToc”.Actually,theycalledit"PepTalk”(鼓励话语)first..ButwhenMs.Martin's

6-year-oldsondrewanadvertisementforthehotlineand50it“PepToc”,they51theylikedthateven

better.

Thehotlineis52inEnglishandSpanish.1(offersthehappyvoicesof53ofdifferentages

sharingpositivemessages.Forexample,bypressing3,youcan54agroupofkindergartnerssayingtogether,

“Youcandoit!Keeptrying!Don'tgiveup!”Pressing455thesoundsofchildrengigglingandlaughing—a

soundcertaintobringa56toanyone'sface.Pressing157ideasforpeoplewhoarc“fueling

mad,frustrated,or58"Helpfulsuggestionsinclude“punchyourpillow",or"gogetacookie^^.Pressing2

resultsin“wordsof59andlifeadvice”.Thisincludesmessageslike"The60isabetterplace

withyouinit.”

46.A.reasonableB.rareC.mysteriousD.cheerful

47.A.thoughtB.complainedC.declaredD.insisted

48.A.wealthB.attentionC.calmD.luck

49.A.commentB.joyC.praiseD.mind

50.A.pronouncedB.typedC.spelledD.drew

51.A.decidedB.learnedC.changedD.assumed

52.A.spokenB.memorableC.popularD.available

53.A.callersB.childrenC.artistsD.operators

54.A.witnessB.suggestC.catchD.hear

55.A.generatesB.recordsC.analyzesD.breaks

56.A.markB.wrinkleC.smileD.tear

57.A.bringsupB.laughsatC.givesawayD.turnto

58.A.distractedB.contentC.peacefulD.nervous

59.A.managementB.encouragementC.judgementD.argument

60.A.hotlineB.worldC.schoolD.street

5.（2023•浙江绍兴•统考模拟预测）

Wearingacavemanmask（面具），Dr.Marzluffwalksacrossthecampattheuniversity.Crows（乌鸦）circleandscream.

Theydiveathimandthensuddenlyflyaway.

Beneaththemask,hesmiles.Da>sbefore,heandhisstudentshad61cavemenmaskscaughtcrowsand

62plasticbandsontotheirlegs.Thentheyreleasedthe63birds.

“Wealwaysknewcrows64us,butcouldweshowit?”saysDr.Marzlumaprofessorknownaffectionately

astheCrowman.

Whentheresearcherswalkedaroundcampuswithoutmasks,thecrowstheyhadcaughtandbandeddidn't65

tothem.Butwhenthe66humanswalkedbywhilewearingthemasks,（hecrowsscolded（责骂）loudlyand

divedattheir"67Thebirdshadrememberedtheir68!

“Crowsareconstantly69us,"Dr.Marzluffsays."Theylook,theythink,theyeyeballyou,70

thesituation.M

Atfirst,onlythebandedbirdsreacted7]tothepeopleinmasks.Butinlatertests,anincreasingnumber

ofcrowsbeganscoldingthem,evenwhenthebandedbirdswerenotaround.Thebirdshad72fromone

another.Dr.Marzluffandhisteamfollowedbandedcrowsforayearand73thatadultsevenpassthis

informationtotheir74.

Dr.Marzluff'sexperimentsledhimtostudyhowcrows,75work.

61.A.pickedoutB.putonC.searchedtorD.takenoff

62.A.droppedB.steppedC.pressedD.tied

63.A.unhappyB.beautifulC.blackD.rare

64.A.hateB.attackC.recognizeD.contact

65.A.waveB.reactC.replyD.turn

66.A.friendlyB.unkindC.differentD.same

67.A.enemiesB.professorsC.ownersD.followers

68.A.clothesB.facesC.organsD.figures

69.A.expectingB.admiringC.watchingD.tolerating

70.A.estimatingB.changingC.restoringD.worsening

71.A.rigidlyB.automaticallyC.abnormallyD.threateningly

72.A.resultedB.heardC.learnedD.benefited

73.A.promisedB.identifiedC.deniedD.clarified

74.A.youngB.neighborC.parlnersD.opponents

75.A.wingsB.nosesC.legsD.brains

6.（2023•安徽•校联考模拟预测）

AstheChinesesayinggoes,aseed二anchangetheworld;avarietycanbenefitanation.

ZhangDaorong,whohasspentthelast26years7613newvarietiesofwheatandcontributingtonational

foodsecurity,hasdoneboth.The50-year-old,whoiscalledthe“motherofwheat'',isa77attheXiangyang

AcademyofAgriculturalSciencesinXiangyangcity.

Theresearchintonewvarietiesrequiresstrictstandardsand78experiments.4lThcfirst79isto

findsuitableparentaltypesforaspecificcultivationpurpose.Thenwctryahybridcombination,^Zhangexplained.4tAftcr

severalgenerationsof80andselection,andwhencharacteristicsremainstable,we81atwo-year

processofyieldtestinganddiseaseidentification.Andafterseveralmoreroundsoftests,a(n)82forevaluation

andapprovalcanbemadeformarketproduction.

“Generallyspeaking,agoodnew83shouldproducehighyields,havestableproduction,and84

goodresistancetobadconditions,Msheadded.“85,italsoshouldbeacceptedbythemarkci.”

Zhangaddedthattheteam8670,000to80,000seedlings(幼苗)eachyear.Allyearroundtheywere

busywith87experimentsonthegrowthofthenewseedlingsandmakingrecordsandanalyses.

^Agriculturalresearchworkis88andcomplicated.Sometimesyoureffortsdonot89.All

wecandothenisthinkmore,discussmoreandfind90onthelandJshesaid.

76.A.advertisingB.cultivatingC.discussingD.observing

77.A.journalistB.teacherC.researcherD.manager

78.A.preciseB.efficientC.simpleD.expensive

79.A.wayB.attemptC.stepD.question

80.A.encouragementB.supportC.managementD.trial

81.A.beginB.continueC.followD.repeat

82.A.practiceB.applicationC.declarationD.invitation

83.A.environmentB.machineC.farmlandD.variety

84.A.produceB.enhanceC.showD.develop

85.A.BesidesB.HoweverC.ThereforeD.Otherwise

86.A.wateredB.boughtC.protectedD.planted

87.A.reportingB.designingC.conductingD.studying

88.A.normalB.toughC.variedD.specific

89.A.endupB.runoutC.breakupD.payoff

90.A.answersB.comfbrtC.dreamsD.courage

7.（2023•上海嘉定•统考二模）

Hassomeoneevertoldyousomethingthatmadeyoudoubtyourownmemoryorjudgment?Ifso,youmaybea

91ofgaslighting."Gaslighting”isakindofpsychologicalabusetogain92overothersbypurposelymaking

otherpeoplethinkthey'rewrongevenwhenthey'reright.ThetenncomesfromPatrickHamilton'splayin1938.Lead

characterJackManningharnseekstoconvincehiswifeBellathatsheis93,bysayingsheisimaginingthedimming

（变暗）ofthegaslightintheirhome,whenitwasactuallyhewholoweredthebrightnessofthelight.

Gaslightingisinitiallyusedtotalkaboutwhathappensinromanticrelationships.However,manyindividualsalso

experiencegaslightingatwork.94,arecentsurveyhasfoundthat58%oftherespondentssaidtheyhave

experiencedgaslightingatwork.It's95sincegaslightingusuallyinvolvesapowerrelationshipandaneedto

controlothers.Intheworkplace,the96betweenabossandhisemployeecanbetheperfectbreeding（滋生的）

groundforthistypeofbehavior.Yburbossmighttellyoutohandleanassignmentinacertainway,butwhenyoudo,he

gets97andsaysitwasn'twhathewanted.Ilmakesyoufeellikeyourmemoryis98.Inothersituations,

yourbossmayexcludeyoufromameeting99andwhenyouaskhimaboutit,hemightaccuseyouofbeingtoo

sensitiveinsteadofansweringyourquestiondirectly.

Inordertofindoutwhetheryourboss'sbehaviorreally10（）gaslightingorheisjustapoorcommunicator,you

couldwritedownyourexperiencesandaskyourselfwhatreallyhappened,whathismotivesmighthavebeen,andhowyour

emotionwas101.Butalwaysbecarefulbecausegaslightersknowhowtoflyundertheradar（雷达）.Theyare

skilledatweakeninganemployee'sconfidenceandsenseofrealityinacleverand102way.

Toprotectyourself,attheendoftheconversationwithyourboss,repeatbackwhatyouheardandfollowupwithan

e-mailrestatingthemainpoints,103theinteractionsbetweenyoutwo.Butdon'tgetyourhopeshighthatthiswill

automaticallysolvetheproblem,RobinStem,authorofTheGaslightEffect,warns,becauseit'shardtogetagaslighterto

1()4hisbehaviorpattern.Ifthingsdon'timprove,youmaywanttoconsidergettingoutofthegashghtingsituationby

lookingforanewposition.Itmaybeoneofthebestthingsyoucandoforyour105well-being.

91.A.creatorB.victimC.hostD.scholar

92.A.powerB.wealthC.supportD.experience

93.A.havinofunB.feelingangryC.goingcrazyD.becomingyounger

94.A.BycomparisonB.WorsestillC.AfterallD.Infact

95.A.unsurprisingB.irrelevantC.unnecessaryD.improper

96.A.harmoniesB.dynamicsC.phasesD.replacements

97.A.annoyedB.interestedC.frightenedD.excited

98.A.visualB.painfulC.faultyD.lasting

99.A.a(randomB.forsureC.intimeD.onpurpose

100.A.recommendsB.constitutesC.escapesD.discovers

101.A.facilitatedB.affectedC.representedD.monitored

102.A.hard-to-proveB.easy-to-spo:C.safc-to-lcarnD.tough-to-survivc

103.A.interruptingB.overcomingC.abandoningD.documenting

104.A.submitB.attainC.changeD.forgive

105.A.emotionalB.physicalC.virtualD.economic

8.（2023•山东潍坊•统考模拟预测）

Likemanypeople,publicspeakingoncefilledmewithfearAsawriter,Ifeltmuchmore]Q6expressing

myselfonthepage,ratherthanonthe107.Strangely,Ifoundthatthefeelingsof108tobeperfectly

tolerable;109,1wasconcernedwiththewaysthatotherswouldperceivemynervousenergy.Aslightchangeof

110theunconsciousbitingofmylip—IassuredthatI'dbe111foranynom-verbalsignalthatshowedmy

lackof112.Iwasexperiencinganxietyaboutmyanxiety-consequencesthatmadethewholetaskfeelmuch

more113.

Youmighthave114thisyourselfbeforeajobintervieworimportantworkmeetinginfrontofsenior

colleagues.Andthemoreyoutryto115yourfeelings,themoreobvioustheyappeartoothers.

Accordingtoastrikingnewstudy,however,theseconcernsmaybe116.JamieWhitehouse,aresearch

fellowatNottinghamTrentUniversityintheUK,hasshownthatvisiblesignsofstressareoften117,leaving

othersmorelikelytolikeusandtreatus118.Ifso,thenweneednottrysohardto119a

calm-and-collectedpokerface,safeintheknowledgethatpeoplewillrelatewelltoour120.

106.A.anxiousB.comfortableC.cautiousD.hesitant

107.A.examroomB.videocallC.stagecenterD.teacher'sdesk

108.A.burdenB.lonelinessC.conflictD.anxiety

109.A.besidesB.insteadC.thereforeD.otherwise

110.A.voiceB.appearanceC.attitudeD.routine

HI.A.pausedB.rejectedC.assessedD.warned

112.A.knowledgeB.experienceC.processD.confidence

113.A.astonishingB.terrifyingC.pressingD.confusing

114.A.noticedB.refreshedC.mentionedD.supposed

115.A.permitB.declareC.hideD.deserve

116.A.practicalB.inaccurateC.unpredictableD.unnecessary

117.A.appealingB.annoyingC.frustratingD.convincing

118.A.warmlyB.apparentlyC.curiouslyD.casually

119.A.remindB.requireC.wanderD.maintain

120.A.attentionB.expectationC.emotionsD.appreciation

9.（2023•黑龙江哈尔滨•哈尔滨三中校考一模）

SammieVanceapproachedherprincipalatHaleyElementarywiththeideaofinstalling“buddybenches^^intoher

schoolplaygroundtohelpothersfeellesslonely.Theprincipal121oftheidea.Butwoodenbenchesare

122.Justonewouldbeworthnearlyathousanddollars.However,abenchmadeof123bottlecapswould

onlybearound$250.SoSammie124othersinhercommunitytocollectenoughcapstomakeonebench.

125,shemanagedtogetbottlecapsfrom50states.Andthus,theinitiativeof“Sammie'sBuddyBenchProject''was

126.

Prettysoon,Sammie'sBuddyBenchProjectbegancommandingthe127ofseveralnewsmedia.Forher

amazingefforts,Sammiehasbeenchosenthereceiverofseveral128andwas129oneofPeople

magazine's"GirlsChangingtheWorld”And_____13Q_____,morethan200bottlecapbuddybencheshavebeenaround

atschoolsandparksacrossthecountry,plusMexicoandAustralia.

Thisis,ofcourse,notjustabeautifulstoryabouthelpingothers.It'salsoamajorwinfbrI3l.Itis

reportedthat1.3billionbottlecapsareusedeachyear.Thesecapscannotberecycledinthesamewayalongwithplastic

bottles132eachhasadifferentmeltingpoint,andwhentheyarc133in,itcanruinanentire

batch（,批）.Andthat'swhentheygetdiscarded.Millionsofcapshavebeenfoundinour134alone,which

canbedevastatingtomarinelife.Infact,it'soneoftheleading135ofdeath.It'sbigcaringheartslike

Sammie'sthathelpourplanethealagainstdamage.

121.A.complainedB.allowedC.approvedD.spoke

122.A.costlyB.heavyC.productiveD.valueless

123.A.reviewedB.recreatedC.removedD.recycled

124.A.kepttrackofB.reachedouttoC.sanghighpraisesforD.gotridof

125.A.UnfortunatelyB.AccordinglyC.ApparentlyD.Eventually

126.A.bornB.promotedC.obtainedD.commented

127.A.attractionB.attentionC.acceptanceD.admission

128.A.campaignsB.contestsC.assembliesD.awards

129.A.nicknamedB.introducedC.definedD.named

130.A.theotherdayB.todateC.bythenD.untilrecently

131.A.sustainabilityB.changeabiliiyC.adaptabilityD.visibility

132.A.(houghB.asC.ifD.when

133.A.combinedB.mixedC.involvedD.fitted

134.A.fieldsB.wallsC.oceansD.rains

135.A.explanationsB.questionsC.waysD.causes

10.（2023•全国•高三专题练习）

Theterm“theimaginaryaudience”wasinventedbyAmericanchildpsychologistDavidElkindin1967.Itisdefinedas

anadolescent'spsychologicalstate136bythebeliefthatpeoplearoundareeagerlywatchingorlistening(ohimor

her.Thisisbecause137areawareofthephysicalchangesoccurringintheirbodies.Andtheyare138

concernedwithhoweveryoneis139thesechanges.

The140oftheimaginaryaudiencearecommon.Teenswouldrepeatedlychangetheirclothestolook141

toothers.Ortheywouldfollowdifferentongoing142thatmayhelpthemfitintosociety.Ifwearingcheckered

shirtsandjeansisthecurrentfashion,teenswoulddresslikethatjusttogiveagood143ontheirimaginary

audiences.Teensalsoworryaboutthe144mistakestheymakeinsocialsettings.Ablackheadcouldmakean

adolescentgirl145alldayasshefeels(hatsheisbeingwatchedandjudged.However,in