备战2025年高考二轮复习 英语 阅读理解 考点分类练8　词句猜测题（2）（含解析）

考点分类练(八)词句猜测题(2)Passage1(2024江苏南京、盐城二模)主题:个人故事词数:316难度:★★★☆☆EmestOwusuwas13in1980whenhewasgiventheopportunitytoappearintheaudienceofaBBCshow,andaskThatcherhowshefeltaboutbeingcalledtheIronLady.Thisencounterre-emergedinaBBC’sprogrammerecently.Atthetimeoftheirmeeting,Owusuwasonfreeschoolmeals,livingonapublicestateinBrixton,southLondon,whereheandhissisterwerebeingraisedbytheirmotherRose,astrugglinghairdresser.Now57,Owusulooksremarkablysimilarevenwithagreyingbeard.Buthislifehasbeentransformed.Thefatherofthreeisahumanresourcesdirector,andthefirstblackcaptainoftheAddingtongolfclubinits110-yearhistory.Asablackguy,itisaboutbreakingtheglassceiling.Speakinginitsclubhouse,Owusudescribeshisriseinsocialstatus(地位)asa“ThatcheriteJourney”.Andhesaysitbeganbyaskingthewomanherself.“Tothisdayitstillhasanimpact.Myconfidencechangedfromthatsliding-doormoment.Somethingaboutherconnectedwithme.”

ThatchertoldOwususheenjoyedbeingcalledtheIronLady.“Ithinkit’sratherapraise,don’tyou?”shesaid,“becausesooftenpeoplehavesaidtome,‘ifyou’reinyourjobyou’vegottobesoftandwarmandhuman,butyou’vegottohaveatouchofsteel.’”Owusurecallsthemoment,“Ijustrememberhereyecontact.Shewasansweringme,notthecamera.Shewelcomedthequestionsaying‘you’vegottobefirminthisworld’.Andthatstuckwithme.”Aftertheshowwasbroadcast,Owususaidhebecame“alittleheroinBrixtonforagoodthreemonths”.Owusuadded,“Itallgavemeextraconfidence.Doorsmightnothaveopenedsoquickly.Itwasoneofthosekeymomentstomakeyoudothingsmaybeyouwouldn’totherwisehavedone.”【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是EmestOwusu受到Thatcher夫人的影响,从而改变了自己的人生。1.WhatdoweknowaboutOwusuwhenhewas13?A.HemetwithThatchertwice.B.Hejoinedafamousgolfclub.C.HehostedaBBC’sprogramme.D.Helivedatthebottomofsociety.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知,Owusu13岁时生活在社会的底层。2.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“sliding-doormoment”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Turningpoint.B.Importantdecision.C.Socialstatus.D.Remarkableachievement.答案A解析词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“Tothisdayitstillhasanimpact.Myconfidencechanged”可知,从那一刻Owusu的信心改变了,说明那是一个转折点,sliding-doormoment的意思是“转折点”,和turningpoint意思相近。3.Basedonthetext,whatmadeabigdifferencetoOwusu?A.Others’treatinghimequallyatwork.B.Others’votinghimaheroinBrixton.C.Thatcher’seffortstopreservehisdignity.D.Thatcher’sfaithinthenecessityoftoughness.答案D解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Becausesooftenpeoplehavesaidtome‘ifyou’reinyourjobyou’vegottobesoftandwarmandhuman,butyou’vegottohaveatouchofsteel.’”和“Shewelcomedthequestionsaying‘you’vegottobefirminthisworld’.Andthatstuckwithme.”可知,Thatcher夫人坚信强硬的必要性使Owusu发生了巨大的变化。4.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheArtofDialogueB.ThePowerofConfidenceC.ALife-ChangingMeetingD.AStatus-ImprovingTale答案C解析主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是第三段中的“Speakinginitsclubhouse,Owusudescribeshisriseinsocialstatusasa‘ThatcheriteJourney’.Andhesaysitbeganbyaskingthewomanherself.‘Tothisdayitstillhasanimpact.Myconfidencechangedfromthatsliding-doormoment.Somethingaboutherconnectedwithme.’”可知,本文主要讲的是EmestOwusu受到Thatcher夫人的影响,从而改变了自己的人生,因此最恰当的标题是C选项“ALife-changingMeeting”。Passage2(2024广东广州一模)主题:研究发现词数:307难度:★★★☆☆Whenadulthumansmeetababy,manycan’thelpspeakinginahigher-pitched(更高音的),sing-songyvoice.Thisshift,knownasparentese,isnotuniquetohumans—ithasalsobeenobservedinanimalslikemonkeysandgorillas.Now,scientistsareaddingonemorespeciestothatlist:bottlenosedolphins.Dolphinsareintelligentanimalsthatliveandhuntingroups.Theycommunicateinauniqueway:everyindividualproducesitsownsignaturesoundthatactsmuchlikeanIDcard,usuallybyitsfirstbirthday.Buthowdoeseachcomeupwithitsdistinctivewhistle?Forbabies,itmighthavesomethingtodowithlisteningtoMum.Tosolvethismystery,researchersexaminedthesoundsmotherdolphinsmake.

Scientistsstudied34years’worthofrecordingsofsoundsmadeby19femalebottlenosedolphins.Whenthemotherdolphinswereneartheiryoung,theycontinuedtomaketheirsignaturesound,butatahigherfrequency.Theyalsousedawiderrangeoffrequenciesthantheydidwhentheirbabieswerenotnearby.Thisdiscoverysuggeststhatusingthesemodificationsmotherdolphinsassisttheiryounginlearninghowtoproducethesecallsthemselves.Sincedolphinbabiesoftenspendsomeyearswiththeirmothersbeforelivingontheirown,itmakessensethatthisadaptationwouldhelpthemlearntocommunicate.Attheveryleast,thehigher-pitchedwhistlelikelygetsthebabies’attention.“It’simportantforababytoknow,‘Oh,Mum’stalkingtomenow,’”saysmarinebiologistJuneMann.Thiskindofresearchcouldhelpusunderstandhowlanguagedevelopedinhumans.“Itisabsolutelyessentialtohavebasicknowledgeaboutotherspeciesandhowtheycommunicate,”saysMann.“Iwouldbereallyinterestedtoseewhetherdolphinsalsochangetheirsoundswheninteractingwithbabiesofothers,whichiswhathappensinhumans.”【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了海豚妈妈通过教授幼崽使用独特的声音来教会幼崽说话。文章解释了研究开展的经过以及研究的意义。5.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thismystery”refertoinparagraph2?A.Whydolphinsliveandplayingroups.B.Howdolphinsdeveloptheiruniquesounds.C.Whataspectsofintelligencedolphinspossess.D.Whetherdolphinscanuseparenteselikehumans.答案B解析词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Buthowdoeseachcomeupwithitsdistinctivewhistle?Forbabies,itmighthavesomethingtodowithlisteningtoMum.”以及下文“researchersexaminedthesoundsmotherdolphinsmake”可知,海豚发出独特的声音与听到海豚妈妈的声音有关,所以为了解开“海豚如何发出独特的声音”这个谜团,研究人员检查了海豚妈妈发出的声音。故画线词指的是“海豚如何发出独特的声音”。6.Howdidtheresearcherscarryouttheirstudyofdolphins?A.Byanalyzingmotherdolphins’soundfeatures.B.Byrecordingparent-childinteractionfrequency.C.Bymeasuringthedistancebetweenparentandchild.D.Byexaminingthespeechorgansofmotherdolphins.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Scientistsstudied34years’worthofrecordingsofsoundsmadeby19femalebottlenosedolphins.”可知,研究人员通过分析雌性海豚的声音特征对海豚进行研究。7.Whatisasuggestedreasonwhydolphinmothersuseparentesewiththeiryoung?A.Tohelpthemlearntotalk.B.Toteachthemhuntingskills.C.Toexpressworryandcare.D.Todistracttheirattention.答案A解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Thisdiscoverysuggeststhatusingthesemodificationsmotherdolphinsassisttheiryounginlearninghowtoproducethesecallsthemselves.”可知,海豚妈妈对幼崽使用父母语的原因是帮助它们学会说话。8.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Tocomparetheparenteseofhumansanddolphins.B.Toillustratethedevelopmentofdolphinintelligence.C.Tosharenewfindingsaboutdolphincommunication.D.Tohighlightthevalueofstudyingdolphins’language.答案C解析推理判断题。文章主要说明了海豚妈妈通过教授幼崽使用独特的声音来教会幼崽说话并解释了研究开展的经过以及研究的意义,由此可知,文章的目的是分享有关海豚交流的新发现。Passage3(2024江西鹰潭一模)主题:黄河数字孪生体词数:386难度:★★★☆☆TheYellowRiveristhecradle(摇篮)ofChina’scivilization.Andfloodcontrolandpreventionhavealwaysbeenkeytothewell-beingofthepeoplelivingalongit.Now,scientistscanbetterworkontheseissuesbygivingtheriveradigitaltwin.ThedigitaltwinoftheYellowRiverusesvarioustechnologies,includingbigdata,artificialintelligence,andtheinternetofthings.Devicessetupalongtherivercollectandtransmitinformationtothecommandcenter.Basedontheinformation,a3Dmodeloftheriverispresentedonthecomputerscreen.It’sliketheYellowRiverhasatwinthatreflectsitsrealconditions.Onebigbreakthroughintheriver’sdigitalgovernance(治理)is“smartstones”.AccordingtoWangQin,aleadresearcherattheInformationCenterofYellowRiverHenanBureau,asmartstoneisawater-proofstone-shapeddevicewithchips,abattery,andasignaltransmitter.Theyareburiedinimportantdike(堤坝)locationstorecordandreportthemovementofdikestones.“Uponfeelingmovementofthedikestones,thesmartstonesendsanalarmtothecommandcenterforquickresponse,”Wangsaid.“Inthepast,researchershadtolearntheconditionsofthedikeonthespotbythemselves,puttingtheirlivesatrisk,”saidZhaoXiaoxiongfromthebureau.“Nowthesmartstonescandothisforus,moresafely,quickly,andaccurately.”Andinthesky,drones(无人机)areflying.Ontheroutesdesignedbyengineers,thedronesbecomeexpertpatrollersoftheriver,lookingatitsdikesandfloodpreventionprojects.AccordingtoShenLinfromtheYellowRiverConservancyCommission,thankstothedrones,researchersatthecommandcentercangetfirst-handphotosandinformation.“Researchersthenupdatethe3Dmodelaccordingtothechangesthedronesreported.Thenewlyupdatedmodelhelpsustestourfloodwaterreleaseplansincaseweeverneedtobattendownthehatches,”saidShen.

Underthewaterandupinthesky,intelligentsystemsarehelpingtoprotecttheYellowRiverBasinonallfronts.AccordingtotheMinistryofWaterResources,inthefuture,wecanexpecttoseetheconstructionofanevenmorecomprehensivedigitalsystemforthisimportantriver.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了黄河数字孪生体的创建目的、运行方式和发展。9.WhatisthemainpurposeofcreatingadigitaltwinoftheYellowRiver?A.Toconducthistoricalresearch.B.Toraisepublicawarenessofriverprotection.C.Toimprovefloodcontrolandpreventionefforts.D.Tocreateavirtualtouristattraction.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Andfloodcontrolandpreventionhavealwaysbeenkeytothewell-beingofthepeoplelivingalongit.Now,scientistscanbetterworkontheseissuesbygivingtheriveradigitaltwin.”可知,创建黄河数字孪生体的主要目的是加强防洪工作。10.Howdothesmartstonescontributetotheriver’sdigitalgovernance?A.Theyrecordwaterquality.B.Theyserveasmarkersforimportantlocations.C.Theyenhancetheriver’sbeauty.D.Theymonitorandreportdikemovements.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Theyareburiedinimportantdikelocationstorecordandreportthemovementofdikestones.”可知,智能石头通过监测和报告堤坝的运动来为河流的数字化治理做出贡献。11.Whatisoneofthefunctionsofdrone