《生态茶园建设与管理》-课件：任务5 生态茶园建设规划

Ecologicalteagardenconstructionplanning生态茶园建设规划目录我国是茶树的原产地，也是世界上第一的产茶大国，茶叶在中国已有近

5000

年的历史。一、新茶园建设标准与要求二、茶园规划TeagardenplanningCatalogueChinaistheoriginofteatreeandthefirstteaproducingcountryintheworld.Teahasahistoryofnearly5,000yearsinChina.Standardsandrequirementsfortheconstructionofnewteagardens茶的产地环境要求三种类型茶园对产地空气质量要求存在一定差异。Thethreetypesofteagardenshavedifferentrequirementsfortheairquality.Environmentalrequirementsoftheoriginoftea空气质量要求Airqualityrequirement无公害Pollution-free绿色Green有机Organic

总悬浮颗粒物，mg/m3Totalsuspendedparticulates日平均Dailyaverage≤0.30≤0.30≤0.12二氧化硫，mg/m3SulphurDioxide日平均Dailyaverage≤0.15≤0.15≤0.051小时hour―≤0.50≤0.15氮氧化物，mg/m3NitrogenOxide日平均Dailyaverage≤0.10――二氧化氮，mg/m3NitrogenDioxide日平均Dailyaverage―≤0.08≤0.081小时hour―≤0.20≤0.12氟化物，μg/m3Fluoride日平均Dailyaverage≤7≤7≤71小时hour―≤20≤20产地要求

TheOriginrequirements

三种类型茶园对灌溉水质质量要求存在一定差异。灌溉水质要求Irrigationwaterqualityrequirements无公害Pollution-free绿色Green

有机Organic

总汞，mg/LTotalHg≤0.001≤0.001≤0.001总镉，mg/LTotalCd≤0.005≤0.005≤0.005总砷，mg/LTotalAs≤0.10≤0.05≤0.05总铅，mg/LTotalPb≤0.10≤0.10≤0.10六价铬，mg/LHexavalentchromium≤0.10≤0.10≤0.10氰化物，mg/LCyanide――≤0.50氯化物，mg/LChloride――≤250氟化物，mg/LFluoride≤2.0≤2.0≤2.0化学需氧量，mg/LChemicaloxygendemand―≤60―石油类，mg/LOil―≤1.0≤5.0

Thethreetypesofteagardenshavedifferentrequirementsforthequalityofirrigationwater.

产地要求

TheOrigin

requirements

三种类型茶园对土壤质量要求存在一定差异。土壤质量要求Soilqualityrequirements无公害Pollution-free绿色Green有机Organic

总镉，mg/kgTotalCd≤0.30≤0.30≤0.20总汞，mg/kgTotalHg≤0.30≤0.25≤0.15总砷，mg/kgTotalAs≤40≤25≤40总铅，mg/kgTotalPb≤250≤50≤50总铬，mg/kgTotalChromium≤150≤120≤90氟，mg/kg

Fluorine≤1200――总铜，mg/kg

TotalCopper≤50≤50≤50Thethreetypesofteagardenshavedifferentrequirementsforsoilquality.新茶园建设要求

Newteagardenconstructionrequirements一、新茶园建设标准与要求newteagardenconstructionstandardsandrequirements茶区园林化

Gardenteaarea；茶树良种化

Improvedvarietiesofteatrees；茶园水利化

Waterutilizationofteagarden；生产机械化

Productionmechanization；栽培科学化

Scientificcultivation。三江县布央乡仙人山茶区SanjiangCountyBuyangtownshipXianrencamelliaarea一、新茶园建设标准与要求—茶区园林化Standardsandrequirementsfortheconstructionofnewteagardens-Horticultureofteaareas福建省漳平市南洋镇茶区一、新茶园建设标准与要求—茶区园林化Standardsandrequirementsfortheconstructionofnewteagardens--GardenizationofteaareasTeaarea,NanyangTown,ZhangpingCity,FujianProvince四川省雅安市名山区茶区一、新茶园建设标准与要求—茶区园林化Standardsandrequirementsfortheconstructionofnewteagardens--HorticulturizationofteaareasTeaarea,MingshanDistrict,Ya'anCity,SichuanProvince一、新茶园建设标准与要求—茶区园林化Standardsandrequirementsfortheconstructionofnewteagardens-greeningofteaareas一、新茶园建设标准与要求—茶区园林化Standardsandrequirementsfortheconstructionofnewteagardens-greeningofteaareas一、新茶园建设标准与要求—茶区园林化Standardsandrequirementsfortheconstructionofnewteagardens-greeningofteaareas一、新茶园建设标准与要求—茶区园林化Standardsandrequirementsfortheconstructionofnewteagardens-greeningofteaareas一、新茶园建设标准与要求—茶树良种化Standardsandrequirementsfortheconstructionofnewteagardens-improvedvarietiesofteatrees一、新茶园建设标准与要求—茶树良种化Standardsandrequirementsfortheconstructionofnewteagardens-improvedvarietiesofteatrees一、新茶园建设标准与要求—茶树良种化Standardsandrequirementsfortheconstructionofnewteagardens-improvedvarietiesofteatrees一、新茶园建设标准与要求—茶园水利化Standardsandrequirementsfortheconstructionofnewteagardens-waterutilizationofteagardens一、新茶园建设标准与要求—茶园水利化Standardsandrequirementsfortheconstructionofnewteagardens-waterutilizationofteagardens一、新茶园建设标准与要求—茶园水利化Standardsandrequirementsfortheconstructionofnewteagardens-waterutilizationofteagardens一、新茶园建设标准与要求—茶园水利化Standardsandrequirementsfortheconstructionofnewteagardens-waterutilizationofteagardens一、新茶园建设标准与要求—生产机械化Standardsandrequirementsfortheconstructionofnewteagardens-mechanizationofproduction一、新茶园建设标准与要求—生产机械化Standardsandrequirementsfortheconstructionofnewteagardens-mechanizationofproduction一、新茶园建设标准与要求—生产机械化Standardsandrequirementsfortheconstructionofnewteagardens-mechanizationofproduction一、新茶园建设标准与要求—栽培科学化Standardsandrequirementsfortheconstructionofnewteagardens-mechanizationofproduction一、新茶园建设标准与要求—栽培科学化Standardsandrequirementsfortheconstructionofnewteagardens-mechanizationofproduction一、新茶园建设标准与要求—栽培科学化Standardsandrequirementsfortheconstructionofnewteagardens-mechanizationofproduction一、新茶园建设标准与要求—栽培科学化Standardsandrequirementsfortheconstructionofnewteagardens-mechanizationofproduction二、茶园规化主要内容茶园区块划分Teagardenblockdivision道路系统设计Roadsystemdesign水利网设置Waternetworksetup防护林网与遮荫树设置Protectiveforestnetand

Shadetreesetupthemaincontentofteagardenplanning1.功能区块用地规划

Functionalblocklandplanning：二、茶园规划

Teagardenplanning10hm2

规模的茶场，在茶场整体规划时

10hm2scaleteafarm,intheoverallplanningoftheteafarm：茶园用地Teagardenland：70%-80%场（厂）生活用房及畜牧点用地Farm(factory)livingroomandanimalhusbandrysiteland：3%-6%蔬菜、饲料、果树等经济作物用基地Vegetable,feed,fruittreesandothercashcropusebase：5%-10%道路、水利设施有地Landforroadsandwaterconservancyfacilities：4%-5%绿化及其他用地Afforestationandotherland：6%-10%1.功能区块用地规划

Functionalblocklandplanning：二、茶园规划

Teagardenplanning1.功能区块用地规划：Functionalblocklandplanning二、茶园规划

Teagardenplanning2.道路系统的设置Settingofroadsystem：a.道路网是关系到茶行安排、沟渠设置和整个园相的一个重要部分。在开垦之前，就应规划好道路，力求合理与适宜。规模较大的茶场，必须建立道路网，分别设干道、支道、步道(或称园道)，以及便于机械操作的地头道。二、茶园规划

Teagardenplanninga.Roadnetworkisanimportantpartrelatedtothearrangementoftearows,thesettingofditchesandthewholelandscapeofthegarden.Beforereclamation,theroadshouldbeplanned,andstrivetobereasonableandappropriate.Forlarge-scaleteafarms,roadnetworksmustbeestablished,includingmainroads,sideroads,footpaths(orgardenroads),andgroundroadsthatareconvenientformechanicaloperation.2.道路系统的设置

Settingofroadsystem：b.主干道：60hm2以上的茶园要设主干道，作为全场的交通要道，贯穿场内各作业单位，并与附近的公路、铁路或货运码头相衔接。路面宽8－10m，能供两部汽车来往行驶，纵坡小于6°(即坡比不超过10%)，转弯处曲率半径不小于15m。小丘陵地的干道应设在山脊。16°以上的坡地茶园，干道应开“S”形。梯级茶园的道路，可采取隔若干梯级空一行茶树为道路。二、茶园规划

Teagardenplanningb.Mainroad:theteagardenabove60hm2shouldbesetupamainroad,asthetrafficarteryofthewholefield,throughthevariousoperatingunitsinthefield,andconnectedwiththenearbyhighway,railwayorfreightterminal.Theroadwidthis8-10m,whichcanbeusedfortwocarstotravelbetween,thelongitudinalslopeislessthan6°(thatis,thesloperatioisnotmorethan10%),andthecurvatureradiusoftheturningisnotlessthan15m.Themainroadinasmallhillyareashouldbelocatedonaridge.Teagardensonslopesabove16°,Themainroadshouldbeopenedinan"S"shape.Theroadofacascadeteagardenmaytakeanemptylineofteatreesseparatedbyseveralrungsastheroad.b.主干道

Mainroad：二、茶园规划

Teagardenplanning2.道路系统的设置

Settingofroadsystem：c.次干道（支道）：是机具下地作业和园内小型机具行驶的主要道路，每隔300－400m设一条，路面宽4－5m，纵坡小于8°(即坡比不超过14%)，转弯处曲率半径不小于10m。有主干道的，应尽量与之垂直相接，与茶行平行。二、茶园规划

Teagardenplanning2.道路系统的设置

Settingofroadsystem：c.Secondaryroad(branchroad):Itisthemainroadfortheoperationofmachineryandsmallmachineryinthegarden,witharoadwidthof4-5mevery300-400m,thelongitudinalslopeislessthan8°(thatis,thesloperatioisnotmorethan14%),andthecurvatureradiusoftheturningisnotlessthan10m.Themainroadshouldbeconnectedtoitverticallyandparalleltothetealineasfaraspossible.c.次干道（支道）:SecondaryRoad(branchRoad)：二、茶园规划

Teagardenplanning2.道路系统的设置

Settingofroadsystem：d.步道：作为下地作业与运送肥料、鲜叶等物之用，与干、支道相接，与茶行或梯田长度紧密配合，通常支道每隔50－80m设一条，路面宽1.5－2.0m，纵坡小于15°(即坡比不超过27%)，能通行手扶拖拉机及板车即可。设在茶园四周的步道称包边路，它还可与园外隔离，起防止水土流失与园外树根等侵害的作用。二、茶园规划

Teagardenplanning2.道路系统的设置

Settingofroadsystem：d.Footpath:asafieldoperationandthetransportoffertilizer,freshleavesandotherthings,anddry,branchroadconnected,andteaorterracelengthcloselymatch,usuallythebranchroadevery50-80m,theroadwidth1.5-2.0m,thelongitudinalslopeislessthan15°(thatis,thesloperatioisnotmorethan27%),canpassthewalkingtractorandpalletcar.Thefootpathlocatedaroundtheteagardeniscalledthepackagesideroad,whichcanalsobeisolatedfromthegardentopreventsoilerosionandtreerootsoutsidethegarden.d.步道

Walkingpath：二、茶园规划

Teagardenplanning2.道路系统的设置

Settingofroadsystem：二、茶园规划

Teagardenplanning2.道路系统的设置

Settingofroadsystem：d.步道

Walkingpath：e.地头道：供大型作业机调头用，设在茶行两端，路面宽度视机具而定，一般宽8－10m，若干、支道可供利用的，则适当加宽即可。二、茶园规划

Teagardenplanning2.道路系统的设置

Settingofroadsystem：e.Groundroad:forlargemachineturning,locatedatbothendsofthetealine,thewidthoftheroaddependsonthemachine,thegeneralwidthof8-10m,anumberof,theroadcanbeused,thentheappropriatewideningcanbe.设置道路网要有利于茶园的布置，便于运输、耕作，尽量减少占用耕地。在坡度较小、岗顶起伏不大的地带，干道、支道应设在水分岭上，否则，宜设于坡脚处，为降低与减缓坡度，可设成“S”形。二、茶园规划

Teagardenplanning2.道路系统的设置

Settingofroadsystem：Theroadnetworkshouldbeconducivetothelayoutoftheteagarden,easytotransportandcultivate,andminimizetheoccupationofcultivatedland.Inthesmallslope,thetopoftheundulatingzone,themainroad,branchroadshouldbelocatedonthewaterridge,otherwise,itshouldbelocatedatthefootoftheslope,inordertoreduceandslowdowntheslope,canbesetintoan"S"shape.e.地头道

DitouRoad：二、茶园规划

Teagardenplanning2.道路系统的设置

Settingofroadsystem：3.生态茶园排灌系统的设计

Designofdrainageandirrigationsystemofecologicalteagarden：功能：具有保水、供水和排水三个方面的功能。结合规划道路网，把沟、渠、塘、池、库及机埠等水利设施统一安排，要沟渠相通，渠塘相连。雨多时水有去向，雨少时能及时供水。二、茶园规划

TeagardenplanningFunction:Ithasthreefunctionsofwaterretention,watersupplyanddrainage.Combinedwiththeplanningoftheroadnetwork,theditches,canals,ponds,ponds,warehousesandportsandotherwaterconservancyfacilitiesunifiedarrangement,totheditchesareconnected,theditchesandpondsareconnected.Whenitrains,thewatergoestothedestination,andthewatercanbesuppliedintimewhentherainislow.3.生态茶园排灌系统的设计

Designofdrainageandirrigationsystemofecologicalteagarden：各项设施完成后，达到小雨、中雨水不出园，大雨、暴雨泥不出沟，需水时又能引提灌溉。各项设施与园地耕锄结合。各项设施需有利于茶园机械管理，须适合茶些工序自动化的要求。二、茶园规划

TeagardenplanningAfterthecompletionofvariousfacilities,lightrainandmoderaterainwillnotleavethegarden,heavyrainandstormmudwillnotleavetheditch,andwatercanbedivertedforirrigationwhenitisneeded.Allthefacilitiesarecombinedwiththegardenploughinghoe.Thefacilitiesmustbeconducivetothemechanicalmanagementoftheteagarden,andmustbesuitablefortheautomationrequirementsofsometeaprocesses.a.渠道：主要作用是引水进园，蓄水防冲及排除渍水等。分干渠与支渠。为扩大茶园受益面积，坡地茶园应尽可能地把干渠抬高或设在山脊。按地形地势可设明渠、暗渠或拱渠，两山之间用渡槽或倒虹吸管连通。渠道应沿茶园干道或支道设置，若按等高线开设的渠道，应有0.2%－0.5%的比例的落差。二、茶园规划

Teagardenplanning3.生态茶园排灌系统的设计

Designofdrainageandirrigationsystemofecologicalteagarden：a.Channel:Themainfunctionistodivertwaterintothegarden,waterstorageandflushingpreventionandexclusionofwaterlogging.Dividedintotrunkchannelandbranchchannel.Inordertoexpandthebeneficialareaoftheteagarden,theslopeteagardenshouldraisethemaincanalorsetitontheridgeasfaraspossible.Accordingtotheterrain,openchannels,culvertsorarchchannelscanbesetup,andaqueductsorinvertedsiphonscanbeconnectedbetweenthetwomountains.Thechannelsshouldbesetalongthemainroadorbranchroadoftheteagarden.Ifthechannelsareopenedaccordingtothecontourlines,thereshouldbeaproportionof0.2%to0.5%ofthedrop.b.主沟：是茶园内连接渠道和支沟的纵沟，其主要作用，在雨量大时，能汇集支沟余水注入塘、池、库内，需水时能引水分送支沟。平地茶园，还要起降低地下水位的作用。坡地茶园的主沟，沟内应有些缓冲与拦水工程。二、茶园规划

Teagardenplanning3.生态茶园排灌系统的设计

Designofdrainageandirrigationsystemofecologicalteagarden：b.Mainditch:Itisthelongitudinalditchconnectedwiththechannelandthebranchditchintheteagarden.Itsmainfunctionisthatwhentherainfallislarge,itcancollecttheresidualwaterofthebranchditchintothepond,poolandreservoir,anditcandivertwatertothebranchditchwhenwaterisneeded.Flatteagarden,butalsoplayaroleinreducingthewatertable.Inthemainditchoftheslopeteagarden,thereshouldbesomebufferandwaterholdingworksintheditch.c.支沟：与茶行平行设置，缓坡地茶园视具体情况开设，梯级茶园则在梯内坎脚下设置。支沟宜开成“竹节”沟。二、茶园规划

Teagardenplanning3.生态茶园排灌系统的设计

Designofdrainageandirrigationsystemofecologicalteagarden：c.Branchditch:setparallelwiththetearow,teagardenongentleslopeissetupaccordingtothespecificsituation,andsteppedteagardenissetatthefootoftheladder.Branchditchesshouldbeopenedinto"bamboojoints"ditches.d.隔离沟：在茶园与林地、荒地及其他耕地交界处设隔离沟，以免树根、杂料等侵入园内，并防大雨时园外洪水直接冲入茶园。随时注意把隔离沟中的水流引入塘、池或水库。二、茶园规划

Teagardenplanning3.生态茶园排灌系统的设计

Designofdrainageandirrigationsystemofecologicalteagarden：d.Isolationditch:Isolationditchissetatthejunctionofteagardenandforestland,wastelandandothercultivatedland,soastoavoidtreeroots,miscellaneousmaterialsandotherintrusionintothegarden,andpreventthefloodoutsidethegardendirectlyintotheteagardenduringheavyrain.Atanytime,payattentiontothewaterintheisolationditchintothepond,poolorreservoir.e.沉沙凼：园内沟道交接处须设置沉沙凼。二、茶园规划

Teagardenplanning3.生态茶园排灌系统的设计

Designofdrainageandirrigationsystemofecologicalteagarden：e.Sinkingcotai:Attheintersectionofditchesinthegarden,sinkingcotaishallbesetup.f.水库、塘、池：根据茶园面积大小，要有一定的水量贮藏。在茶园范围内开设塘、池(包括粪池)贮水待用，原有水塘应尽量保留，每2－3hm2茶园，应设一个沤粪池或积肥坑，作为常年积肥用。贮水、输水及提水设备要紧密衔接。水利网设置，不能妨碍茶园耕作管理机具行驶。要考虑现代化灌溉工程设施的要求，具体进行时，可请水利方面的专业技术人员设计。二、茶园规划

Teagardenplanning3.生态茶园排灌系统的设计

Designofdrainageandirrigationsystemofecologicalteagarden：f.Reservoirs,ponds,pools:accordingtothesizeoftheteagarden,theremustbeacertainamountofwaterstorage.Setuppondsandpools(includingmanuretanks)intheteagardentostorewaterforuse.Theoriginalpoolsshouldberetainedasfaraspossible.Every2-3hm2teagarden,onecompostpondorcompostpitshouldbesetupforperennialcompost.Waterstorage,waterdeliveryandwaterliftingequipmentshouldbecloselyconnected.Thesettingofwaterconservancynetworkshallnothindertherunningofteagardenfarmingandmanagementmachinery.Itisnecessarytoconsidertherequirementsofmodernirrigationengineeringfacilities,andprofessionalandtechnicalpersonnelinwaterconservancycanbeinvitedtodesignitwhenitiscarriedout.4.防护林与遮荫树

Shelterbeltsandshadetrees：凡冻害、风害等不严重的茶区，以造经济林、水土保持林、风景林为主。一些不宜种植作物的陡坡地、山顶及地形复杂或割裂的地方，则植树为主。植树与种植多年生绿肥相结合，树种须选择速生、防护效果大、适合当地自然条件的品种。二、茶园规划

TeagardenplanningWherethefrostdamage,winddamageandothernotseriousteaareas,tomakeeconomicforest,soilandwaterconservationforest,landscapeforest.Somesteepslopes,hilltopsandplaceswithcomplexordividedterrainthatarenotsuitableforplantingcropsaremainlyplantedwithtrees.Plantingtreesandplantingperennialgreenfertilizercombination,treespeciesmustbeselectedfast-growing,protectiveeffect,suitableforlocalnaturalconditionsofthevariety.4.防护林与遮荫树

Shelterbeltsandshadetrees：乔木与灌木相结合，针叶与阔叶相结合，常绿与落叶相结合。灌木以宜作绿肥的树种为主。园内植树须选择与茶树无共同病虫害、根系分布深的树种。林带必须与道路、水利系统相结合，且不妨碍实施茶园管理使用机械的布局。二、茶园规划

TeagardenplanningCombinetreeswithshrubs,coniferouswithbroadleaves,evergreenwithdeciduous.Shrubsaredominatedbytreessuitableforgreenmanure.Treespecieswithnocommondiseasesandpestsanddeeprootdistributionshouldbeselectedforplantingtreesinthegarden.Theforestbeltmustbeintegratedwiththeroadandwaterconservancysystem,anddoesnothindertheimplementationofteagardenmanagementandmechanicallayout.林带布置：以抗御自然灾害为主的防护带，则须设主、副林带；在挡风面与风向垂直，或成一定角度(不大于45°)处设主林带，为节省用地，可安排在山脊、山凹；在茶园内沟渠、道路两旁植树作副林带，二者构成一个护园网。二、茶园规划

Teagardenplanning4.防护林与遮荫树

Shelterbeltsandshadetrees：Forestbeltlayout:toresistnaturaldisastersofthemainprotectionbelt,mustsetupthemain,secondaryforestbelt;Inthewindandwindvertical,orintoacertainAngle(notmorethan45°)setthemainforestbelt,inordertosaveland,canbearrangedintheridge,mountaindepression;Intheteagardenditches,onbothsidesoftheroadtoplanttreesasforestbelts,thetwoconstituteagardenprotectionnetwork.如无灾害性风、寒影响的地方，则在园内主、支沟道两旁，按照一距离栽树，在园外迎风口上造林，以造成一个“园林化”的环流。就广大低丘红壤地区的茶园来看，山丘起伏，纵横数里，树木少见，茶苗稀疏，这种环境，是不符合茶树所要求的生态条件的，“园林化”更有必要。二、茶园规划

Teagardenplanning4.防护林与遮荫树

Shelterbeltsandshadetrees：Ifthereisnodisastrouswindandcoldinfluence,treesshouldbeplantedonbothsidesofthemainandbranchditchesinthegardenaccordingtoadistance,andtreesshouldbeplantedonthewindwardentranceoutsidethegardentocreatea"garden-like"circulation.Onthevastlow-hillredsoilareaoftheteagarden,thehillsundulating,verticalandhorizontalseveralmiles,raretrees,teaseedlingssparse,thisenvironment,isnotinlinewiththeecologicalconditionsrequiredbytheteatree,"garden"ismorenecessary.防护林的防护效果，一般为林带高度的15－20倍，有的可到25倍，如树高可维持20m。就可按400－500m距离安排一条主要林带，栽乔木型树种2－3行，行距2－3m，株距1.0－1.5m，前后交错，栽成三角形，两旁栽灌木型树种。二、茶园规划

Teagardenplanning4.防护林与遮荫树

Shelterbeltsandshadetrees：Theprotectiveeffectofshelterbeltsisgenerally15-20timestheheightoftheforestbelt,andsomecanreach25times,suchastheheightofthetreecanmaintain20m.Youcanarrangeamainforestbeltaccordingto400-500mdistance,planting2-3rowsoftreespecies,rowspacing2-3m,plantspacing1.0-1.5m,staggeredbeforeandafter,plantedintoatriangle,plantedonbothsidesofshrubbytreespecies.林带结构有紧密结构、透风结构和稀疏结构三种。风寒冻害严重地带，以设紧密结构林带为主，林带宽度为15-20m。有台风袭击的地带，宜用透风结构或稀疏结构，其宽度可到30m。以防御自然灾害为主的林带树种，根据各地的自然条件去选择。二、茶园规划

Teagardenplanning4.防护林与遮荫树

Shelterbeltsandshadetrees：Thestructureoftheforestbelthasthreekindsoftightstructure,ventilationstructureandsparsestructure.Intheseverewindandfreezingdamagezone,thetight-structureforestbeltismainlysetup,andthewidthoftheforestbeltis15-20m.Intheareahitbytyphoon,itisappropriatetouseaventilatedstructureorsparsestructure,anditswidthcanreach30m.Toprotectagainstnaturaldisastersofforestbelttreespecies,accordingtothenaturalconditionsofvariousplacestochoose.目前茶区常用防护林树种：杉树、马尾松、黑松、白杨、乌桕、麻栎、皂角、刺槐、梓树、桤树、油桐、油茶、樟树、楝树、合欢、黄檀、桑、梨、柿、杏、杨梅、柏、女贞、竹类等。作为绿肥用的树种有紫穗槐、山毛豆、胡枝子、牡荆等。二、茶园规划

Teagardenplanning4.防护林与遮荫树

Shelterbeltsandshadetrees：Atpresent,thecommonlyusedshelterbelttreespeciesinteaarea:Chinesefir,massonpine,blackpine,aspen,Chinesetallow,oak,saponin,Robiniaacacia,catalpa,alder,Alder,Alnia,oiltree,oiltea,camphor,nimbus,alacacia,rosewood,mulberry,pear,persimmon,apricot,bayberry,Cypress,privetia,bamboo,etc.AsgreenfertilizerforthetreespeciesareAmorphafruticosa,mountainedamame,lesbians,vitexandsoon.行道树布置：茶场范围内的道路、沟渠两旁及住宅四周，用乔木、灌木树种相间栽植，既美化了环境，又保护了茶树，更提供了肥源。一般用速生树种，按一定距离栽于干道、支道两旁，两乔木树之间，栽几丛能作绿肥的灌木树种。如道路与茶园之间有沟渠相隔的，可以栽苦楝等根系发达的树种。二、茶园规划

Teagardenplanning4.防护林与遮荫树

Shelterbeltsandshadetrees：Streettreelayout:theroads,ditchesandhouseswithintherangeofteafarmsareplantedwithtreesandshrubspecies,whichbeautifytheenvironment,protecttheteatrees,andprovideasourceoffertilizer.Generallyusefast-growingtreespecies,plantedatacertaindistanceonbothsidesofthemainroadandthebranchroad,betweenthetwotrees,plantedafewbushesthatcanmakegreenmanure.Ifthereareditchesbetweentheroadandtheteagarden,treeswithdevelopedrootssuchasneemcanbeplanted.遮荫树布置：中国除南方的部分茶区种植遮荫树外，一般茶区茶园内都不布置遮荫树，只种行道树以改变小区环境。一般认为，在夏季叶温达30度以上的地区，栽遮荫树是必要的.二、茶园规划

Teagardenplanning4.防护林与遮荫树

Shelterbeltsandshadetrees：Shadetreelayout:InadditiontosometeaareasinthesouthofChina,shadetreesarenotarrangedintheteagardeninthegeneralteaarea,onlystreettreesareplantedtochangetheenvironmentofthecommunity.Itisgenerallybelievedthatintheareawherethesummerleaftemperaturereachesmorethan30degrees,plantingshadetreesisnecessary中国已取得成功经验的遮荫树：托叶楹、台湾相思、合欢等。现在多用巴西橡胶、云南樟、桤木等。一般林、果行矩应放宽到10—12m。株矩4—5m，茶树的行矩为1.5—1.8m，则在林、果行间植茶6行。二、茶园规划

Teagardenplanning4.防护林与遮荫树

Shelterbeltsandshadetrees：Chinahasachievedsuccessfulexperienceofshadetrees:jacaranda,TaiwanAcacia,albizia,etc.NowtheuseofBrazilrubber,Yunnancamphor,alderandsoon.Generalforest,fruitmomentshouldberelaxedto10-12m.Plantmoment4-5m,thelinemomentofteatreeis1.5-1.8m,thenplanttea6rowsbetweenforestandfruitrows.5.园地开垦

Gardenreclamation：如果杂草数量不多，可以在开垦时将其翻人土层深处，腐烂以后可以提高茶园土壤有机质，增加肥力。尽量保留园中道路、沟、渠旁的原有树木；规划中作为防护林带的地段，要保留全部植被。乱石可以填于低处，但应深埋于土层1m之下；坟堆应迁移，并拆除砌坟堆的砖、石及清除已混有石灰的坟地土壤，以保证植茶后茶树能正常生长。二、茶园规划

TeagardenplanningIfthenumberofweedsisnotlarge,itcanbeturneddeepinthesoillayerduringreclamation,whichcanimprovethesoilorganicmatterandincreasefertilityafterdecay.Trytokeeptheoriginaltreesbesidetheroads,ditchesandcanalsinthegarden;Intheplanningasashelterbeltofthelot,toretainallvegetation.Looserockscanbefilledinlowplaces,butshouldbeburied1mbelowthesoillayer;Gravemoundsshouldberemoved,bricksandstonesshouldberemovedfromgravemoundsandlimemixedsoilshouldberemovedtoensurethenormalgrowthofteatreesafterteaplanting.平地及缓坡地的开垦Reclamationofflatlandandgentleslopeland：平地及缓坡地开垦平地及15°以下的缓坡地茶园，根据道路、水沟等可分段行进，并要沿等高线横向开垦，以使坡面相对一致。若坡面不规则，应按“大弯随势，小弯取直”的原则开垦。如果有局部地面因水土流失而成“剥皮山”的现象，应增加客土，使表面土层厚度达到种植茶树的要求。复垦可在初垦的土壤自然下沉后、种植茶树前进行，深度80cm。二、茶园规划

Teagardenplanning5.园地开垦

Gardenreclamation：FlatlandandgentleslopereclamationFlatlandandgentleslopeteagardensbelow15°canbesegmentedaccordingtoroads,ditches,etc.,andshouldbehorizontallyreclaimedalongthecontourlinetomakethesloperelativelyconsistent.Iftheslopeisirregular,itshouldbereclaimedaccordingtotheprincipleof"bigbendwiththetrend,smallbendstraight".Ifthereisaphenomenonof"peelingmountain"causedbysoilerosiononthelocalground,theguestsoilshouldbeincreasedtomakethethicknessofthesurfacesoillayermeettherequirementsofplantingteatrees.Reclamationcanbecarriedoutafterthesoiloftheinitialreclamationnaturallysinksandbeforeplantingteatrees,withadepthof80cm.二、茶园规划

Teagardenplanning5.园地开垦

Gardenreclamation：陡坡梯级垦辟

Steepslopestepreclamation坡度在15°－25°之间，地形起伏