Unit2 Reading and Thinking 词汇精讲课堂

版本：新人教单元：选择性必修一

Unit2

(ReadingandThinking)词汇课堂1.phrase词块：asetphrase2.persuade(说服)词块：persuadesbtodosth,persuadesbinto/outof(doing)sth(使信服)词块：persuadesbofsth,persuadesb/oneselfthat…3.switch词块：switchoff/on4.distantdi-(=dis-,apart分离)+st(tostand站立)+-ant(形容词后缀)→分开站立的→遥远的(基本义)5.securese-(freefrom无)+cur(care关心)+-e→不需要关心的→安心的形容词动词化；派生词：security6.applianceapply+-ance(名词后缀)词块：turnon/offappliances,electrical/householdappliances7.remotere-(back向后)+mot(tomove移动)+-e→向后移动，越来越远→遥远的近义词：distant；词块：aremotevillage,aremotecontrol本单元词汇梳理8.automaticauto(self自己)+matic(think

思考)→自己思考的→自动的派生词：automatically9.integrate&integratedintegrate—

integrated词块：integrate...into/with...10.sensorsense(感觉)+-or(名词后缀)11.efficientef-(out出)+fic(make,do做)+-i+-ent(形容词后缀)→能做出事来的→有效率的反义词：inefficient词族：efficient,efficiency,efficiently,inefficient12.mode词块：flight/energy-efficientmode13.routine词块：dailyroutine14.preferenceprefer—preference15.instantin-(into进入)+st(tostand站立)+-ant→站在附近的、紧急待命的→立即的词块：instantcoffee/noodles,foraninstant,inaninstant,theinstant(that)…派生词：instantly16.commandcom-(completely完全)+mand(命令)→命令词块：commandsbtodosth,commandthat...(should)dosth,haveagoodcommandof17.warningwarn(v

警告)+-ing；词块：issue/giveawarningto18.constantcon-(表示强调)+st(tostand站立)+-ant(形容词后缀)→始终站立的→不变的；派生词：constantly19.abnormalab-(not非)+normal(正常的)

→不正常的、反常的20.criticalcrit(tojudge判断)+-ic(名词后缀)+-al(形容词后缀)→爱作判断的→批判的；挑剔的词块：becriticalto,criticalthinking,acriticalillness21.potential&potentiallypotential—potentially词块：achieve/fulfil(l)/reachone’s(full)potential22.leak一词多义：基本义“漏”水隐喻：具体的“漏”水→抽象的“泄露”消息等23.electrical词族：electric,electrical,electrically,electrician,electricity24.wire&wiringwire—wiring25.detectde-(不、非)+tect(tocover掩盖)→不再被掩盖→察觉、发现派生词：detective26.relevant词块：(be)relevantto；反义词：irrelevant27.fantasy派生词：fantastic28.innovationin-

(into入)+nov

(new新的)+-ation

(表示结果)→引入新的思想、方法→创新、革新29.available英语释义：abletobeusedorcaneasilybeboughtorfound30.structurestruct(tobuild

建造)+-ure(名词后缀)→建造的状态或行为→结构、构造重难点词精讲distant&constant&instant词根一词多义secure&security一词多义形容词动词化persuade一词多义搭配义switch英语释义搭配义critical一词多义potential&potentially熟词生义available英语释义command一词多义persuade生活中有的时候我们不得不试图说服别人。比如，你可能要说服朋友一起去看你最喜欢的电影，或是说服父母给你买某样东西。劝说是一门艺术，需要的不仅仅是口若悬河。你认为应该如何劝说别人呢？Wecan’tforcesomeonetodowhattheydon’twant.Theartofpersuasionistogetthemtowantwhatyouwant.

说服；劝服

(talkinto)：Sheisalwayseasilypersuaded.

persuadesbtodosth:Shepersuadedmetogotoadentalschool.

persuadesbinto(doing)sth:Imanagedtopersuademyclassmatesintoacceptingmyidea.2015浙江书面表达

persuadesboutof(doing)sth:Wepersuadedhimoutofhisfoolishplan.persuadevt注：表示“劝说”，但不一定“劝服”时，用trytopersuade。Shewouldtrytopersuadelocalbusinessleaderstocontributemoneytothecause.

2017北京改

使相信；使信服(convince)：

persuadesbofsth:I’mpersuadedofhishonesty.

persuadesb+that从句:IpersuadedhimthatIwastellingthetruth.persuadesb

后接that从句，sb不能省略【词汇拓展】persuasionn[U]说服persuasiveadj

有说服力的persuadetalkintoconvince说服；劝服使相信；使信服程度递进persuade语义网络图开灯、关灯你会表达吗？开灯

__________________thelight关灯

__________________thelightturnonturnoff开、关电视如何表达？开电视__________________theTV关电视__________________theTVturnonturnoff词汇科普：早期的电器的开关钮其实是旋转开关,多用turn,而现在都是平面开关，多用switch。switch/switchon/switchoff/switchon/switchoffn[C]

开关；电闸：turnon/offthe

lightswitch

骤变；突变vt&vi

改变；转变tochangefromonethingtoanother：Heswitchedtheconversationfromonesubjecttoanother.

交换；调换to

exchangeonethingforanother：Weaskedthemiftheywouldswitchplaceswithus.强调“变”，重在change，常和from,to搭配强调“换”，重在exchangesthforsthelseswitch

名词动词化switchoff关上（电灯、电视等）；[非正式用语]

不听；不理睬：HaveyoueverforgottentoswitchofftheTVorcomputer?人教新选必①–2Thankfully,I’velearnedtoswitchoffandletitgoovermyhead.switchon打开（电灯、电视等）：IhearthatsongwheneverIswitchontheradio.switchover改变；转换：We’veswitchedovertomobilebanking.同义异构：turnon同义异构：turnoff

switch语义网络图

n

开关（基本义）强调“变”v

扳动开关名词动化由开到关，由关到开，状态瞬间发生彻底改变由具象到抽象

switch强调“换”骤变；突变改变；转变交换；调换distantSothefurthestdistanceintheworldisnotintwodistanttrees.Itisthesamerootedbranchesbutcan’tdependoneachotherinthewind.所以世界上最远的距离不是树与树的距离而是同根生长的树枝却无法在风中相依

——出自《世界上最遥远的距离》拉宾德拉纳特·泰戈尔(RabindranathTagore，1861—1941)，印度诗人、文学家。代表作有《飞鸟集》(StrayBirds)、《新月集》(TheCrescentMoon)等。distantadjdi-（=dis-,apart分离）+st（tostand站立）+-ant（形容词后缀）→分开站立的→遥远的（基本义）同根词：constant:con-（表示强调）+st（tostand站立）+-ant（形容词后缀）→始终站立的→不变的instant:

in-（into进入）+st（tostand站立）+-ant（形容词后缀）→站在附近的，紧急待命的→立即的

遥远的；远处的；久远的：Thetimewespenttogetherisnowadistantmemory.TheserocksprovedthatatonetimeinthedistantpasttheAntarcticwascoveredbyplants.❷

疏远的；冷淡的：Patsoundedverycoldanddistantonthephone.❸

[只用于名词前]远亲的

反close：Heismydistantcousin/relative.distantadjdistant

语义网络图distant遥远的基本义人和人之间关系“遥远的”亲戚关系/血缘关系“遥远的”距离、时间“遥远的”远亲的遥远的；远处的；久远的疏远的；冷淡的constantadj

固定的；不变的：aconstanttemperaturedriveataconstantspeed

［常用于名词前］不停的；连续不断的；持续的：Aconstantdroppingwearsawayastone.Sheneededconstantmedicalattention.词汇拓展constantlyadv

经常地；不断地adj［常用于名词前］立刻的；马上的(immediate)；即食的：instantmessengeraninstantreplyinstantcoffee/noodlesn[C]［常用单数］瞬间；片刻(moment)：Icouldn’tanswerforaninstant.Inaninstant,hetookoffhiscoatandjumpedintothewater.2010陕西theinstant(that)一……就：Theinstant(=Assoonas)shestoppedaskingquestions,Igotupandwentoutoftheroom.instantlyadv

立即；马上(immediately)instant

secure我们平时坐地铁或火车时，都需要过安检。那么“安检”一词怎么表达呢？

安心的；有把握的：She

feltsecure

whenshewaswithherfamily.

安全的

(safe)；稳妥的；可靠的：asecurejob/income

牢固的；坚固的；稳固的：Checkthatallwindowsanddoorsaresecure.Keepyourpassportinasecureplace.secureadjse-(without没有)+cure(tocare关心)→不需要关心的→安心的安心的secure

（基本义）安心的；有把握的事情使人感到“安心的”人对境况感到“安心的”牢固的；坚固的；稳固的secure语义网络图物体处于固定状态让人感到“安心的”安全的；稳妥的；可靠的

使安全；保卫；获得：Worryingaboutcommunitysafety,Iprefertosecuremyhousewithnewtechnology.2013广东

使……固定：Hesecuredtheropefirmlytothebackofthecar.Next,covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet’sdownwitharock.2017全国

vt形容词动词化secure动词释义来源于形容词，其词源义及基本义为“tomakesafe”，即“使安全”。security看图猜词安检securitycheck保安人员securityguardsecurityn

[U]

安全：asenseofsecurity

[U]安全工作；保安措施：securitychecks/camerasYouhavetostayawayfromthepaintingforsecurityreasons.2012

重庆改

[U]担保；保障；[U]&[C]抵押品：

financialsecuritycommandcom-(completely完全)+mand(命令)→命令commandvt

指挥；命令：Thejudgecommandedsilence.①commandsbtodosth:Thecaptaincommandedhismentofire.②command+that...(should)dosth:Hecommandedthatthetroops(should)crossthewater.

获得；赢得：LargefootballclubsbenefitfinanciallyfromTVincomeandthetopplayerscancommandverylargesalaries.2011江西

commandn

[C]命令anorderthatshouldbeobeyed：Asoldiershouldobeycommands.

[U]指挥；控制thecontrolofagroupofpeopleorasituation：Thefireofficertookcommand,orderingeveryonetoleavethebuilding.Hehas500menunderhiscommand.

[U]［常用单数］（尤指对语言的）掌握；运用能力theknowledgeofsthorabilitytousesth,especiallyalanguage：IhavesuchagoodcommandofEnglishthatIamelectedasassistanttomyEnglishteacher.2015陕西书面表达

[C]（计算机的）指令词汇拓展commandern[C]司令官；指挥官；海军中校crit(tojudge判断)+-ic(名词后缀)+-al(形容词后缀)→爱作判断的→批判的；挑剔的criticaladj

批判的；挑剔的：Studentsareencouragedtodevelopcriticalthinkinginsteadofacceptingeverythingtheyaretoldwithoutquestioningit.

严重的；危急的：Smarttoiletswillwarnyouearlyonifthereissomethingabnormalorifyouhaveacriticalillness.人教新选必①–2

紧要的；关键的extremelyimportant：Thefirst24hoursaftertheoperationarethemostcritical.Thesetalksarecriticaltothefutureofthepeaceprocess.critical你不能选择你的潜能，但你可以选择去发挥潜能。——西奥多·罗斯福potential西奥多·罗斯福（TheodoreRoosevelt，1858—1919），人称老罗斯福，荷兰裔美国军事家、政治家、外交家，第26任美国总统，是美国历史上最年轻的在任总统。罗斯福因成功地调停了日俄战争，获得1906年的诺贝尔和平奖。他是第一个获得此奖项的美国人。adj［只用于名词前］可能的(possible)；潜在的likelytobecomeaparticulartypeofpersonorthinginthefuture：apotentialdisasterpotentialresources/customers/bossesn[U]潜能；可能性：achieve/fulfill/reachone’s(full)potentialHehasthepotentialtobecomeaworld-classmusician.potentiallyadv

潜在地；可能地potentialavailable看图猜释义availableadj

可用的；可得到的abletobeusedorcaneasilybeboughtorfound：

[不用于名词前]（人）有空的(ofaperson)freetobeseen,talkedto,etc.：ColddrinkswillbeavailableattheSportsCenter.2009

天津Withalltheinformationavailable,theyfoundthehotelinthemountaineasily.Inthe1940s,electricitywasavailabletopeopleinalmostallareasoftheUnitedStates.2011

安徽改Therewillbefourbasketballcourtsavailableforourusewithoneteacherwatchingovereachgame.2010

福建Iwouldhavegonetomycousin’sbirthdaypartylastnight,butIwasnotavailable.2013

安徽availabilityn[U]可获得性；可用/得到的人或物词汇拓展汉语中很难找到精准的词对应，需借助英语释义来理解1.Imanagedtopersuademyclassmatesintoacceptingmyidea.2015浙江书面表达2.IhavesuchagoodcommandofEnglishthatIamelectedasassistanttomyEnglishteacher.2015陕西书面表达3.Aconstantdroppingwearsawayastone.4.Hehasthepotentialtobecomeaworld-classmusician.本单元金句汇总随堂检测一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.Hedecidedtopersuadehisgrandpa__________(set)thebirdfree.2.Getacoffeemachineforyourhomeoroffice,orpersuadeyourcompany_________buyingone.Tellthemitwillimproveproductivity（生产率）.（2010浙江）3.Myparentspersuademe_____theimportanceofgoingtocollege.intooftosetpersuade二、根据汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。1._________________________________（由于没有说服我父母）,Ifailedtogotoamusicschool,wheremyinterestlay.(persuade)（2013湖北）2.ThereisnothingmoreIcan_________________________（劝说你留下来）,soIwishyougoodluck.3.Shedidn’treallywanttogotoBeijing,butTony_____________________（说服了她）somehow.4.Advertisements__________________（使我们相信）newerisbetterandthatwewillbehappierwiththelatestproducts.（2015安徽）Nothavingpersuadedmyparentstrytopersuadeyoutostaymanagedtopersuadeherpersuadeusthat写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.ShecouldswitcheasilyfromFrenchtoEnglish.______2.Accordingtotheairtrafficrules,youshouldswitchoff

yourmobilephonebeforeboarding.______3.Theswitchinthebathroomisbrokenandweneedanewoneforthelight.______4.Thiskindofboatcomeswithelectricpump（泵）.Andallyouhavetodoisjustswitchiton.______5.TomsaidhewouldswitchwithmeonSaturday.______6.CanIswitchovertothemoviechannel?______转换关掉开关打开它转换调换switchdistant写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Tomanypeople,technologymeanscomputersorvehiclesthattraveltodistantplanets.（2019

天津改）

____________2.Iwouldliketohavemyownhouseinthedistantfuture.____________3.Afterthequarrel（争吵）Sueremainedcoldanddistant.____________4.Ashley’sboyfriendisadistantrelativeofmine.____________5.Peacewasjustadistanthopeinthepast.____________6.Thelifeinthecountrysidehasbecomeadistantmemory.____________

遥远的遥远的将来冷淡的/疏远的远亲遥不可及的遥远的回忆一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Itisimportanttostorewineata

constanttemperature._________2.Youuselesspetrolifyoudriveataconstantspeed._________3.TheForbiddenCityattractsaconstantstreamofvisitorseveryday,especiallyduringnationalholidays.（2013福建）_________4.TheEnglishlanguageisconstantlychanging._________二、将句子译成英语。滴水穿石。_________________________________________________________络绎不绝的游客不断地constant恒温匀速Aconstantdroppingwearsawayastone.一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Anewgovernmentcannotbringabout

instant

change._________2.Paulprefersinstantcoffeetotea._________二、根据所给汉语及提示，用适当的词块完成下列句子。1.______________（立即）hermoodhadchanged.(instant)2.Just______________（刹那间）Ithoughthewasgoingtorefuse.(instant)三、根据所给词块，将下列句子译成英语。她一停止问问题，我就起身走出了房间。(theinstantthat)_________________________________________________________立刻的/立即的速溶咖啡Theinstantthatshestoppedaskingquestions,Igotupandwentoutoftheroom.instantInaninstantforaninstant写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Childrenneedtofeelsecureinordertodowellatschool._________2.Wewantasecurefutureforourchildren._________3.Shehasboughtabicycleandisworriedaboutsecurity._________4.It’sstandardpracticeforacompanylikethisonetoemployasecurity

guard._________5.Thisinsuranceplanoffersyourfamilyfinancialsecurityintheeventofyourdeath. _________6.Ifit’sachoicebetweenhigherpayandjobsecurity,I’dprefertokeepmyjob. __________安全保安经济保障secure&security安心的可靠的未来工作保障/工作稳定command一、用括号内单词的正确形式填空。1.Hecommandedthearmy___________(fire).2.Theboy’smothercommandedthattheboy_____________(clean)hisroom.二、根据汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。1.Sosomehavetolead,andsomemustfollow.Butwhoisto______________（指挥）?(commandn)2.Heisthecommanderofthearmy.Thatmeansthewholearmyis_________________________（由他指挥）.3.LearningEnglishneedspatienceandefforts;itisimpossibleto______________________（精通）aforeignlanguagewithinafewmonths.tofire(should)cleantakecommandunderhiscommandhaveagoodcommandof写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Thepatientisinacritical

condition._________2.Hemadesomehighlycritical

remarks._________3.Thetalksbetweenthetwoleadershavereachedacriticalstage.

_________4.Reducinglevelsofcarbondioxideintheatmosphereisofcriticalimportance._________关键的极其重要的critical危急的批判性的一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Thetechnologyhasthepotentialtochangeourtransportationsystemsandourcities.（2018北京改）___________2.TheEuropeanmarketplaceoffersexcellentpotentialforincreasingsales.