浙江省温州市2024-2025学年高三上学期一模英语试题 含解析

机密★考试结束前温州市普通高中2025届高三第一次适应性考试英语试题卷2024.11本试题卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。全卷共11页，选择题部分1至8页，非选择题部分9至11页。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。考生须知：1.答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔分别填写在试题卷和答题卷规定的位置上。2.答题时，请按照答题卷上“注意事项”的要求，在答题卷相应的位置上规范作答，在本试题卷上的作答一律无效。选择题部分第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卷上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.Havedinner. B.Cleanthehouse. C.Visittheboss.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Honey,Ineedyoutohelpmetidyupabit.Mybossandherhusbandarecomingoverfordinnerandthehouseneedstobespotless.W:I’minthemiddleofsomethingrightnow.I’llbethereinasecond.M:Thiscan’twait.Ineedyourhelpnow.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whydoesthemanmakethecall?A.Torescheduleameeting. B.Toreportanemergency. C.Toconfirmanappointment.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Hi,Samantha,thisisMarcocalling.W:OhhiMarco.What’sup?M:Iwonderifwecanputoffourmeetingtilltomorrow.Ihaveabitofanemergency.W:Itshouldn’tbetoomuchofaproblem.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatkindofpersonisthewoman?A.Generous. B.Helpful. C.Understanding.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Thisisreallyembarrassing,butyournamehasjustslippedmymind.Canyouremindme?W:Sure,mynameisAnnaFerris.Don’tworryaboutit.Ithappenstomeallthetime.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inagym. B.Atanoffice. C.Ataclinic.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Hey,Ijustgothere.What’stheplanfortoday’ssession?M:Hi,todaywewillfocusonlowerbodystrength.We’llstartwithsomewarmupexercisesandthenmoveontolegpresses.W:Soundsgood.I’vebeenfeelingabitweakinmylegslately.M:Let’sheadovertothestretchingareatobegin.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatisthemantalkingabout?A.Aninnovativerecipe. B.Astrongresolution. C.Aworkoutroutine.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:I’mgonnacutoutallthejunkIeat.Nomorechips,nomoresoda,nomorefriedfood.W:Hmm,I’veheardthisonebefore.M:Butthistime,I’mgoingtosticktoit.Ireallymeanit.Trustme,I’mgoingtobeanewmaninoneyear’stime.W:Well,Iguesswe’lljusthavetowaitandsee.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Friends. B.Husbandandwife. C.Doctorandpatient.7.Whatisthemandoing?A.Askingforhelp. B.Discussingaplan. C.Sharinggoodnews.【答案】6.A7.C【解析】【原文】M:Hi,Jen.Guesswhat?Mywifejusthadababy.W:Congratulations,boyorgirl?M:Boy,hisnameisRobert.W:Howmuchdoesheweigh?M:Hecameinatninepounds,eightounces.W:Wow,abigboy.Howwasyourwife?M:Sheandthebabyaredoingfine.I’mgoingtothehospitalnowtovisitthem.W:That’swonderful.I’llcallyoulatertocelebratethelatestadditiontoyourfamily.M:Soundslikeaplan.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Whereprobablyarethespeakers?A.Atafamilyreunion. B.Atasocialgathering. C.Atadepartmentmeeting.9.Whatistheman?A.Abankclerk. B.Anartdirector. C.Afinancialanalyst.10.Whatdoesthewomanlikeaboutherjob?A.Ahighsalary. B.Paidleave. C.Travelopportunities.【答案】8.B9.B10.C【解析】【原文】M:Hello,mynameisGeorge.W:Hi,mynameisMattia.M:Pleasedtomeetyou,doyouknowthehostoftheparty?W:Yes,thehost,Maryisagoodfriendofmineandyou.M:IcamewithmyfriendSusan,whoknowsMary,howdoyouknowMary?W:Oh,weworktogetherinthesameofficeaschasebank.M:Whatdoyoudothere?W:I’mafinancialanalyst.Howaboutyou?M:I’madirectorresponsibleforartdesignatLeoBurnett,anadvertisingcompany.W:Doyouworkwithanyspecificcustomers?M:Yes,IworkwithPepsiColaandojpotatochips.Whatdoyoudoatthebank?W:Idealwithnumbersintheaccountingareaoftheinternationaldivision.M:Doyoulikeit?W:Yes,itisinterestingandIgetachancetotraveloverseas.M:That’sanicebonus.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.Whatdoesthewomancomplainabout?A.Ademandingmanager. B.Aheavyworkload. C.Adifficultworkmate.12.HowisEricrecently?A.Independent. B.Argumentative. C.Irresponsible.13.Whatdoesthemanmeanintheend?A.Hedislikesbeingalone.B.Hehastroublesomekids.CHeisdatinghisMs.Right.【答案】11.C12.B13.A【解析】【原文】W:Hey,Dan.M:Hey,Amy,it’ssogoodtohearyourvoiceandfinallycatchup.W:Iknowsame.I’msorryit’sbeenabitnutsatwork.M:No,noworries.Havethingsfinallyresolvedwithyourcrazycoworker?W:WefinallybroughtonanewHRmanagerwhoIspokewithlastFriday,soit’sastartatleast.M:Ohgood.Andhow’severythinggoingathome?HowareJamesandEric?W:Yeah,allgoodthanks.TheyareasnaughtyaseverandErichasstartedtoarguemoreoftenrecently,sowe’vehadtohaveafewwordswithhim.M:Yeah,Ibethe’sjustgoingthroughhisteenphase.W:Yeah,somethinglikethat.How’severythingwithyou?Anyupdateonthedatingsituation?M:Well,Idon’tenjoydatinganymore.Ican’tseemtofindanyoneIhaveanythingincommonwith.W:Don’tfeeldiscouraged.Youwilldefinitelyfindthepersonwhoisrightforyou.M:Totellyouthetruth,IreallyhopetofindmyMs.right.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.Whatistheman’smajorconcerninchoosingrestaurants?A.Food. B.Environment. C.Price.15.Whowillthemandinewith?A.Friends. B.Coworkers. C.Familymembers.16.Whatissaidabout“CafeRoma”?A.Itisalittlebitfar. B.Itisratherexpensive. C.Itservestraditionaldishes.17.Whydoesthemanchoose“Favorites”?A.IthasanItalianatmosphere.B.Itisintendedforvegetarians.C.Itoffersgoodvalueformoney.【答案】14.A15.C16.C17.C【解析】【原文】M:Goodafternoon,Iwaswonderingifyoucouldpleasemakesomesuggestionsforrestaurantreservationsthisevening.W:Goodafternoon,yes,Iamhappytoassistyou.Whattypeoffooddoyoulikeandwhattypeofpricerangeareyoulookingat?M:We’dliketotrysomelocalfoodorsomethingdifferentanduniqueinanykindofpricerange,butwithinwalkingdistanceofthishotel.W:Howmanypeoplewilldineandatwhattime?M:Justourfamilyoffourandat6:30ifpossible.W:Okay,Icanofferyoutwosuggestions.ThefirstiscafeRoma.It’saverycharmingsmallItalianrestaurantofferingthetraditionaldishes.Andyoucangetoutbynotpayingtoomuch.It’sinthebudgetcategory.M:Whataboutthesecond?W:Second,wehaveFavorites.Thisisafour-starrestaurantwithgreatfood,wonderfuldrinks,dessertsandaverynicewarmatmosphere.Theyalsooffersomespecials,usuallyvegetarianrecipes.M:Oh,FavoritessoundswellworththepriceIpay.Canyoumakethedinnerreservationsforus?W:Ofcourse.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】18.Whatisthemostattractiveaboutthesmalltowns?A.Apeacefullife. B.Comfortablehotels. C.Scenicplaces.19.Whatdidthespeakerdoduringthetrip?A.Hemademanyfriends.B.Hetrieddifferentfoods.C.Hetookalotofpictures.20.Whatisthepurposeofthetalk?A.Tosuggestaquickgetaway.B.Toadvertiseatravelagency.C.Tointroduceawayofsocializing.【答案】18.A19.B20.A【解析】【原文】Hello,ifyouarelookingforsomethingfuntodo,consideraquickweekendtriptosomewhereinyourlocalarea.HereintheAmericanMidwestnearChicago,thereareanumberofscenicplacesandpicturesquetowns.Andareonlyaone-to-three-hourdriveaway.Recently,oursocialgroupvisitedthreesmalltowns.Shiwana.Nani.AndElkhartinnorthernIndiana.Whatweenjoyedmostwasseeingsmalltownwithitsquiet,slowerpacedlife.Itwaseasytolocateacomfortable,inexpensivehotelthere.Wewanderedthemainstreetshoppingareasandtriedavarietyoftreats.ThebusySaturdayendedwithsnacks,drinksandconversation.Wewerethenrewardedwithagoodnight’ssleepinthepeacefulcountryside.AfterabriefSundaybreakfast,westartedourwaybackhome.Eachofusfeltrefreshedafterthisquickovernighttrip.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。AScienceAlliance:HighSchoolProgramWeareexcitedtoannouncetheexpansionoftheScienceAllianceProgramtostudentsingrades9-12.Studentscanchoosethetopicstheywanttoexplore:anthropology,astrophysics,conservationscience,Earthscience,andevolutionarybiology.Duringtheschoolyear,ScienceAllianceHighSchoolrunsthreesessions:Fall,Winter,andSpring.CourseswillmeetonceortwiceaweekonTuesdaysand/orThursdaysfrom4:30-6:30pm.Fall2024SessionsCLASSAGEGROUPDATES&TIMESInsectariumInsectsplayavitalroleinourNewYorkCitycommunitybydecomposingthecity’sorganicmatterandpollinating(授粉)thevastmajorityofourfood-bearingplants.Inthiscourse,studentswillexploreinsectbiodiversity,humanhealth,andtheMuseumscientiststhathavecontributedresearchandspecimens(标本)totheInsectarium.Theywillpracticevariousinsectcollectionmethodsinthefieldandpreparationtechniquesbackinthelab.UsingtheMuseum’sinsectcollectionsandnewtechnologies,studentswillexploreavarietyofdigitaltoolsthatallowthemtostudythesetinycreaturesinnew,morevisibleways.ClickHeretoRegisterCost:$1,000Grade9Grade10Grade11Grade12Tuesdays&Thursdays,

4:30-6:30pm

10/10,10/15,10/17,10/22,10/24,10/29,11/7,11/12,11/14,11/19,11/21,12/3,12/5,12/10,12/12

Shouldyouhaveanytroubleregisteringusingtheprogramlinks,pleasecallCentralReservationsat212-769-5200topurchaseorbeaddedtothewaitlist.Youwillobtainafullrefundifyoucancelatleast30daysbeforethestartoftheprogram.Ahalfrefundifyoucancelatleast15daysahead,aquarterrefundifyoucancelatleastaweekahead.Anycancellationslessthanaweekbeforethestartoftheprogramarenoteligibletoreceivearefund.21.Whatisknownabouttheprogram?A.Itrunsonamonthlybasis. B.Itistailoredforfreshmen.C.Itconsistsoffoursessions. D.Itcoversavarietyoftopics.22.WhatcanstudentsdoatInsectarium?A.Raiseinsectsinthelab. B.Createtoolswithmuseumscientists.C.Goonaninsectfieldtrip. D.Contributespecimenstothemuseum.23.Ifastudentcancelsregistration20daysahead,howmuchwillhereceive?A.None. B.$500. C.$1,000. D.$750.【答案】21.D22.C23.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章详细介绍了Science

Alliance高中的Insectarium课程，包括课程内容、时间安排、费用及退款政策。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Students

can

choose

the

topics

they

want

to

explore:

anthropology,

astrophysics,

conservation

science,

Earth

science,

and

evolutionary

biology.(学生可以选择他们想要探索的主题：人类学、天体物理学、保护科学、地球科学和进化生物学)”可知，该项目涵盖了多种主题。故选D。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据表格第一列中“Inthiscourse,studentswillexploreinsectbiodiversity,humanhealth,andtheMuseumscientiststhathavecontributedresearchandspecimens(标本)totheInsectarium.Theywillpracticevariousinsectcollectionmethodsinthefieldandpreparationtechniquesbackinthelab.(在本课程中，学生将探索昆虫的生物多样性，人类健康，以及为昆虫馆贡献研究和标本的博物馆科学家。他们将在野外练习各种昆虫采集方法，并在实验室练习准备技术)”可知，在Insectarium课程中学生可以进行昆虫实地考察。故选C。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据表格中第一列最后“Cost:$1,000(花费：1000美元)”以及最后一段的退款政策“Ahalfrefundifyoucancelatleast15daysahead,aquarterrefundifyoucancelatleastaweekahead.(如果你提前至少15天取消，可以退一半，如果你提前至少一周取消，可以退四分之一)”可知，如果学生提前20天取消注册，将获得一半的退款，即$500。故选B。BRatheediscoveredYouTubein2014,atimewhencheapsmartphonesandcellular(蜂窝)dataledtoaboomininternetaccessinIndia.Inspiredbyvideoshewatchedonline,Rathee,now28,startedatravelvlog.Buthesoonnoticedaproblem.“PeopleinIndiaweren’ttrainedonhowtousetheinternetandblindlytrustedwhatevertheysawonYouTubeorWhatsApp,”hesays.SoRathee,whogrewupinasmallnorthernIndiantowninthestateofHaryanaandlaterstudiedmechanicalengineeringinGermany,becamewhathecallsa“YouTubeeducator”,makingvideosinHindithatfact-checktopicsthataretrendingonIndiansocialmedia.“Myaimistopresentthingsassimplyaspossibleandbreakdowncomplexissuesinsimplewords,”hesays.Rathee’sworkisincrediblypopular—he’saccumulatednearly13millionsubscribers,makinghisYouTubechanneloneofthemost-viewedinthecountry.Ithasalsoledtoconflicts.WhenafilmcalledTheKeralaStorybeganmakingwavesinMay,Ratheemadea23-minutevideoinwhichhearguedthatthefilmpromotedafalsetheory.ThoughRatheeusedthegovernment’sdataandinternationalsourcestomakehiscounterclaim,hisfact-checkingledtoconsequences,includingthreatssenttohisfamily.Despitetherisks,Ratheeremainscalm.Hemakesvideosforonereason.“Ihopetheyteachpeopletolerance,coexistence,andacceptingeachother’sopinions,valuesthatImyselfreallyvalue,”hesays.“I’msurpriseddoingsuchasimplethingcanbringsomuchattention,”headds,“maybebecausenoonetriestodaretodothat.”24.WhatproblemdidRatheenoticewithIndians?A.Theyblindlysubscribedtovlogs. B.Theywereaddictedtoonlinevideos.C.TheyhadlimitedaccesstotheInternet. D.Theywereeasilymisledbyonlineinformation.25.WhydidRatheemakehisvideoaboutthefilm?A.Toattractviewsandattention. B.Tocorrectgovernmentdata.C.Tostopthespreadofafalsetheory. D.Tosupporthispreviousargument.26.WhichwordcouldbestdescribeRathee’swork?A.Confusing. B.Enlightening. C.Disappointing. D.Entertaining.27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Raisingvariousopinions. B.Challengingtheauthority.C.Makingfact-checkingvideos. D.Critisizingtraditionalvalues.【答案】24.D25.C26.B27.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Rathee通过制作视频来教育印度人如何正确使用互联网。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Buthesoonnoticedaproblem.“PeopleinIndiaweren’ttrainedonhowtousetheinternetandblindlytrustedwhatevertheysawonYouTubeorWhatsApp,”hesays.(但他很快发现了一个问题。他说：“印度人没有接受过如何使用互联网的培训，他们盲目地相信他们在YouTube或WhatsApp上看到的任何东西。”)”可知，Rathee注意到印度人容易被网络信息误导。故选D。

【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Whenafilmcalled

TheKeralaStorybeganmakingwavesinMay,Ratheemadea23-minutevideoinwhichhearguedthatthefilmpromotedafalsetheory.

(今年5月，当一部名为《喀拉拉邦的故事》的电影开始引起轰动时，Rathee制作了一段23分钟的视频，他在视频中辩称，这部电影宣扬了一个错误的理论)”可知，Rathee制作视频是为了阻止错误理论的传播。故选C。

【26题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“SoRathee,whogrewupinasmallnorthernIndiantowninthestateofHaryanaandlaterstudiedmechanicalengineeringinGermany,becamewhathecallsa“YouTubeeducator”,makingvideosinHindithatfact-checktopicsthataretrendingonIndiansocialmedia.“Myaimistopresentthingsassimplyaspossibleandbreakdowncomplexissuesinsimplewords,”hesays.(因此，在印度北部哈里亚纳邦的一个小镇长大、后来在德国学习机械工程的拉西成为了他所谓的“YouTube教育家”，用印地语制作视频，对印度社交媒体上的热门话题进行事实核查。他说：“我的目标是尽可能简单地呈现事物，用简单的语言分解复杂的问题。”)”可知，Rathee通过制作视频教育人们，他的工作是启发性的。故选B。【27题详解】词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Despitetherisks,Ratheeremainscalm.Hemakesvideosforonereason.“Ihopetheyteachpeopletolerance,coexistence,andacceptingeachother’sopinions,valuesthatImyselfreallyvalue,”hesays.“I’msurpriseddoingsuchasimplethingcanbringsomuchattention,”headds,“maybebecausenoonetriestodaretodo

that .”(尽管有风险，拉西仍然保持冷静。他制作视频只有一个原因。他说：“我希望他们教会人们宽容、共存、接受彼此的意见，这些是我自己真正看重的价值观。”他补充道：“我很惊讶这么简单的事情却能引起这么多的关注，也许是因为没有人敢这么做。”)”可知，that指代的是前文所说的制作事实核查视频。故选C。CHaveyouevernoticedhowtheemailicon(图标)onmanycomputersandsmartphonesisofanenvelope?Orhowcameraphonesmakethesoundofarealcameraclickingwhenyoutakeaphoto,eventhoughthere’snoshuttertoopenorclose?Theseareexamplesofskeuomorphs,whichiswhennewthingstakeontheappearanceorsoundoftheobjectthey’vereplaced.Whywouldnewthingswanttolooklikesomethingold?It’salltodowithhumanpsychology.PsychologistJamesGibsonsaysoneofthewayspeopleunderstandtheworldisthroughaffordances—objectswhoseshapetellsyouhowtousethem.Whencreatingnewdigitaltechnologies,inventorslikeSteveJobsofAppleusedskeuomorphssopeoplewouldknowhowtousetheirproducts.Byshowingpeopleanimageofsomethingtheyalreadyknewhowtouse,itmadeusingacomputerorsmartphoneeasier.However,aspeoplebecamemorefamiliarwithmoderntechnology,somedesignersarguedthatskeuomorphswerenolongernecessary.Indeed,theyoungergenerationdon’tneedvisualreferencestoolderitemsthey’veneverused.Thisledtosomethingcalledflatdesign,wherecomputerdesktopsandsmartphonehomescreensstartedtodoawaywithskeuomorphism.Skeuomorphsmadeacomeback,though,withsmartwatches.Manysmartwatchestookontheappearanceofanoldfashionedwatch,withaclockface.Thiswastoencouragepeoplewhodidn’tlikedigitalwatchestoconsiderbuyingasmartwatch.Whilethesearethewaysskeuomorphsareusedtoday,thatdoesn’tmeanit’sonlyamodernphenomenon.Infact,thewordwasfirstusedin1899bythearchaeologistHenryColleyMarch,whorealizedthatsomeancientartefacts(人工制品)kepttheappearanceofolderobjects,eventhoughtherewasnopracticalreasonforthemtodoso.WhenancientGreekbuildersmovedfromusingwoodtostone,theyrecreatedsomeofthecharacteristicsofwoodenbuildings.FromancientGreekarchitectureto21stcenturytechnology,skeuomorphshavebeenakeyfeatureofscientificprogress.So,whenyouwonderabouttheobjectsofthefuture,takealookaround.Chancesarethattheywilllookalotliketheobjectsofthepast.28.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofskeuomorphs?A. B. C. D.29.Howwouldpeoplefeelaboutskeuomorphs?A.User-friendly. B.Safety-centered. C.Energy-saving. D.Cost-effective.30.Whydidsomedesignersthinkskeuomorphsunnecessary?A.Usersbecameaccustomedtotechnology. B.Theseproductswereexpensivetodesign.C.Youngpeoplerejectedtraditionaldesigns. D.Theexistingstandardshadbeenupdated.31.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thepredictionaboutfutureobjects. B.Thekeyfeatureofscientificprogress.C.Thedesignphilosophiesofskeuomorphism. D.Theever-lastingpresenceofskeuomorphs.【答案】28.C29.A30.A31.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了拟物化设计在现代科技中的应用及其历史根源，解释了为什么新事物往往模仿旧事物的外观或声音，并讨论了随着技术进步，拟物化设计逐渐被平面设计取代，但在智能手表等新领域中又重新兴起，并且可能会一直存在。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Theseareexamplesofskeuomorphs,whichiswhennewthingstakeontheappearanceorsoundoftheobjectthey’vereplaced.(这些都是拟物化设计的例子，也就是新事物呈现出被它们取代的物体的外观或声音)”可知，拟物化设计是指让新事物的外观或声音与被取代的旧事物相同。比较选项中的图标可知，C项的图标呈现的是过去常用的手电筒的外观，属于拟物化设计。故选C项。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“PsychologistJamesGibsonsaysoneofthewayspeopleunderstandtheworldisthroughaffordances—objectswhoseshapetellsyouhowtousethem.Whencreatingnewdigitaltechnologies,inventorslikeSteveJobsofAppleusedskeuomorphssopeoplewouldknowhowtousetheirproducts.Byshowingpeopleanimageofsomethingtheyalreadyknewhowtouse,itmadeusingacomputerorsmartphoneeasier.(心理学家JamesGibson说，人们了解世界的方式之一是通过功能可见性——物体的形状告诉你如何使用它们。在创造新的数字技术时，像苹果公司的SteveJobs这样的发明家使用了拟物化设计，这样人们就会知道如何使用他们的产品。通过向人们展示他们已经知道如何使用的东西的图像，它让使用电脑或智能手机变得更容易)”可知，拟物化设计更易于实现功能可见性，让使用者通过已知如何使用的东西的图像，知道如何使用新产品。由此可知，人们会觉得拟物化设计是用户友好的。故选A项。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“However,aspeoplebecamemorefamiliarwithmoderntechnology,somedesignersarguedthatskeuomorphswerenolongernecessary.(然而，随着人们对现代科技的熟悉，一些设计师认为拟物化设计不再是必要的)”可知，一些设计师认为没有必要使用拟物化设计是因为用户已经习惯了科技。故选A项。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Whilethesearethewaysskeuomorphsareusedtoday,thatdoesn’tmeanit’sonlyamodernphenomenon.Infact,thewordwasfirstusedin1899bythearchaeologistHenryColleyMarch,whorealizedthatsomeancientartefacts(人工制品)kepttheappearanceofolderobjects,eventhoughtherewasnopracticalreasonforthemtodoso.WhenancientGreekbuildersmovedfromusingwoodtostone,theyrecreatedsomeofthecharacteristicsofwoodenbuildings.FromancientGreekarchitectureto21stcenturytechnology,skeuomorphshavebeenakeyfeatureofscientificprogress.So,whenyouwonderabouttheobjectsofthefuture,takealookaround.Chancesarethattheywilllookalotliketheobjectsofthepast.(虽然这些都是今天人们使用拟物化设计的方式，但这并不意味着它只是一个现代现象。事实上，1899年，考古学家HenryColleyMarch首次使用了这个词，他意识到一些古代文物保留了更古老物体的外观，尽管没有实际的理由这样做。当古希腊建筑者从使用木材转向使用石头时，他们重现了木制建筑的一些特征。从古希腊建筑到21世纪的科技，拟物化设计一直是科学进步的一个关键特征。所以，当你对未来的事物感到好奇时，看看周围。它们很可能看起来很像过去的物品)”可知，本段先指出拟物化设计并非现代现象，然后追溯这一概念的历史起源和在考古中的发现，最后点明其重要性，表明拟物化设计在未来很可能依然存在。因此，本段主要是说明拟物化设计会一直存在。故选D项。DIn2017,theUniversityofWaterloocreatedthePhDjobshadowprogramtohelpPhDsexploretheircareeroptionsbeyondatenure-trackfacultyposition(终身教职).TheprogramachievedthisbyhavingPhDstudentsshadownon-faculty(非教师)stafforhostswhoworkindepartmentssuchasgraduatestudiesandpostdoctoralaffairsandthecentreforteachingexcellence.Thestudentswouldwriteupacasestudyrelevanttothestaffmembers’department,includingprojectslikedesigningasurveyorcreatingareportbasedondocumentreview.In2023,theprogramwasimprovedtogivestudentsgreateragencywhenchoosingahostbasedonstudent,hostandprogramstafffeedbackwhoallfoundthatstudent-hostmatchingdidn’talwaysmeetstudentneedsorexpectations.Studentswereaskedtocreatealistcontaininguptofivestaffoftheirchoiceandthenpairedwiththestaffchosenfromtheirsubmittedlists.Thisactiveefforttofindcommongroundwiththeirhostscreatedamoremeaningfulrelationshipandallowedforhighersatisfactionwiththeinteractionsduringtheprogram.Choosingtheirhostanddoingresearcharoundtheirroleallowedstudentstobebetterpreparedtocontributetoaspecificdepartmentthroughthecasestudy.Onestudentclaimed:“SoIfoundthatingeneralitwasadirectmatch...TherearepartsthatIwouldhavetolearn,butthebackgroundstructureofwhatI’vebeendoingdirectlytranslates.”ThisisparticularlyrelevantsincePhDstudentsmayfinishtheirprogramfeelingpreparedforacademia,butmostPhDprogramsdonotprovidesupportortrainingforjobsoutsideoftenure-trackpositions.Mistakenly,thetenure-trackisconsideredbymanyastheonlywaytosuccessfullyconcludeapathinacademiaandanyotherpathsare“planB”,whichcangivefeelingsofbeinga“failure”.Whenstudentsgettheopportunityofexperiencingwhattheyenjoyabouttheirresearchinothernon-academicorresearch-relatedrole,findinganequallymeaningfulcareeroutsideoffacultyrolesbecomesclearerandmorepossible.Asonestudentcommented:“Itmademerealizethattheadministrativeaspectofacademiaisdeeper,richerandmoremeaningfulthanwhatalotofpeopleassume.”32.WhatdidthePhDStudentsdointhejobshadowprogram?A.Theyexperiencednon-facultyjobs.B.Theyinterviewedtenure-trackfaculty.C.Theyworkedasteachingassistants.D.Theyhelpedstudentswithcareerchoices.33.Howdidtheprogramchangein2023?A.Itlimitedthenumberofhosts. B.Itnarroweddownitssubjects.C.Itraiseditsstandardsforhosts. D.ItincreasedthePhDs’autonomy.34.WhatbenefitdidtheprogrambringtoPhDs?A.Expansionofcareerexploration.B.Preparationforfutureresearch.C.Familiaritywithacademicsettings.D.Satisfactionwiththechosencareers.35.WhatmaythePhDsagreewithaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.PlanBleavesmuchtobedesired.B.Non-academicpositionsarealsovaluable.C.Theadministrativepositionsarebetterchoices.D.Explorationsbeyondtheircapabilitiesaremeaningful.【答案】32.A33.D34.A35.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加拿大滑铁卢大学的PhD职业影子计划，该计划帮助PhD学生探索非教师职业路径，通过与非教师工作人员合作完成案例研究，增加职业选择的多样性。【32题详解】细节理解题。由文章第一段中“TheprogramachievedthisbyhavingPhDstudentsshadownon-faculty(非教师)stafforhostswhoworkindepartmentssuchasgraduatestudiesandpostdoctoralaffairsandthecentreforteachingexcellence.Thestudentswouldwriteupacasestudyrelevanttothestaffmembers’department,includingprojectslikedesigningasurveyorcreatingareportbasedondocumentreview.(该计划通过让PhD学生跟随非教师工作人员（如研究生院、博士后事务部和教学卓越中心的员工）进行工作，完成与这些部门相关的案例研究，包括设计调查问卷或撰写基于文件审查的报告。)”可知，PhD学生在该计划中体验了非教师职位的工作。故选A。【33题详解】细节理解题。由文章第二段中“In2023,theprogramwasimprovedtogivestudentsgreateragencywhenchoosingahostbasedonstudent,hostandprogramstafffeedbackwhoallfoundthatstudent-hostmatchingdidn’talwaysmeetstudentneedsorexpectations.Studentswereaskedtocreatealistcontaininguptofivestaffoftheirchoiceandthenpairedwiththestaffchosenfromtheirsubmittedlists.(2023年，根据学生、主持人和项目工作人员的反馈，该项目进行了改进，让学生在选择主持人时拥有更大的自主权，他们都发现学生与主持人的匹配并不总是满足学生的需求或期望。学生们被要求创建一个包含多达五名自己选择的员工的列表，然后与从他们提交的列表中选择的员工配对。)”可知，2023年，该计划进行了改进，增加了学生的自主权。故选D。【34题详解】推理判断题。由文章第三段中“Choosingtheirhostanddoingresearcharoundtheirroleallowedstudentstobebetterpreparedtocontributetoaspecificdepartmentthroughthecasestudy.Onestudentclaimed:“SoIfoundthatingeneralitwasadirectmatch...TherearepartsthatIwouldhavetolearn,butthebackgroundstructureofwhatI’vebeendoingdirectlytranslates.”(选择跟随对象并围绕其角色进行研究，使学生能够更好地为特定部门的案例研究做出贡献。一位学生表示：“总的来说，这是一个直接的匹配……有一些部分我需要学习，但我所做的事情的背景结构可以直接转换。”)”可知，该计划使PhD学生能够更好地准备为特定部门贡献，并扩展了他们的职业探索。故选A。【35题详解】推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“Whenstudentsgettheopportunityofexperiencingwhattheyenjoyabouttheirresearchinothernon-academicorresearch-relatedrole,findinganequallymeaningfulcareeroutsideoffacultyrolesbecomesclearerandmorepossible.Asonestudentcommented:“Itmademerealizethattheadministrativeaspectofacademiaisdeeper,richerandmoremeaningfulthanwhatalotofpeopleassume.”(当学生有机会在其他非学术或研究相关职位中体验他们喜欢的研究方面时，找到同样有意义的非教职职业变得更为清晰和可行。正如一位学生评论的那样：“这让我意识到，学术界的行政方面比很多人想象的要更深入、丰富和有意义。”)”可知，PhD学生可能会同意非学术职位也有很高的价值。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoOvercometheHarmfulHabitofJudgingYou’vedoneit.I’vedoneit.Wealldoit—weallsometimespassjudgmentonotherswhentheirbehaviordoesn’tmeetourstandards.Clothingchoices,howpeoplespendtheirfreetime,jobskills—thelistofpossiblethingstojudgeisendless.____36____Whileyoumaynotconsciouslylabelthemassuch,youarefamiliarwithnonverbalsthatconveyjudgment:pursedlips,raisedeyebrows,crossedarms,tippingheadtoliterallylookdownuponanother.Wejudgeotherstoprotectourownself-images.Butthatprotectioncomesataprice.____37____Andwithitcomesdefensiveness,prejudice,andhostility(敌意).Judgmentisjustadressed-upversionofshame.Weputtheshameontosomeoneelsesothatwedon’thavetofeelourown.Toovercom