北京市丰台区2024届高三下学期一模考试 英语 含答案

北京市丰台区2023－2024学年度第二学期综合练习（一）高三英语2024.03本试卷共12页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Ihadn'tseenAnneinnearly20yearssincecollege,yetwecouldstillpartylikeoldtimes.Itwasgreattohaveherhere,1ourlives.Shewaslookingatthefewblooms(花)leftinmyyard.Ihadn'tplantedmuchafterlosingmyjob.Ithadbeena2yearforme.JustwhenIthoughtIwasdonewiththebitterness,itwouldallcomerushingbackandthe3thingonmymindwasflowers.“Oneofmyhobbiesistakingphotosof4,”shesaidandsteadiedherselfnearthelastroseoftheseason.Ishrugged(耸肩),wonderingwhyanyonewould.5takingtimetolookatalowlyrose.Suddenlyahotsongrangfromhercellphone."Isetittoremindmetotakemymedicine,”shesaidcalmly.“An6formedicine?"Ilaughed.“Arewethatold?”“Formybrain,”shesmiled.“Ihavebeendiagnosedwithararecancer,asmalltumor(肿块)nobiggerthanyourfingernail,”shelaughedsoftly.ThatwasAnne—ever7.Evencancerwasnomorethanjokingabout.So8thatIwasbeyondwords.Laternextday,ane-mailfilledwiththeflowerphotospoppedupfromAnne—clearandbeautiful.Shehadgottenpasttheanger,thepityandunfairness,takingonemomentatatimeandpolishingituntilit9.Ishiftedmyeyetooutside,andIhadherflowersinfullbloom.Actually,Ialwayshadthem,butitwasAnnewhogotmetoreally10them.1.A.saving B.watchingC.sharing D.controlling2.A.normal B.newC.satisfyingD.difficult3.A.last B.sameC.only D.right4.A.yards B.flowersC.parties D.people5.A.bother B.avoidC.miss D.stop6.A.award B.orderC.alarm D.idea7.A.optimisticB.attractiveC.hard-workingD.confident8.A.nervousB.shockedC.relaxedD.lucky9.A.endedB.failedC.shinedD.fruited10.A.arrangeB.trustC.colourD.appreciate第二节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AChineserestaurantshaveplayedanimportantroleindifferent11(country)worldwide,wheretherecanbespecializedversionsofChinesefood.Forexample,GeneralTso'schicken,12(name)afterTsoTsung-tang,amilitaryleaderoftheQingDynasty,iswhatAmericanslovetoeatbecauseitissweet,fried.Obviously,therecipe13(change)alottosuitdifferentregionaltastes,leadingtovariationsinthecookingmethodused.BBeingabletounderstandlocaljokesisoftenseenasagreaticebreakerforaforeignlanguagelearner14triestostartfriendshipswithnativespeakers.However,when15(study)aforeignlanguage,abeginneralwaysconsidersjokeshardtounderstand.Mostofthetime,jokesareonlyfunnyforpeoplewhoshareaculturalbackgroundorunderstandhumorinthesameway.Andthereis16(much)tounderstandingajokeinaforeignlanguagethanunderstandingvocabularyandgrammar.CThedinnerpartyis17threat,announcedarecentlifestylecolumninTheTimes.Youmightwonder,"Howcanthisbe?Don'twethrowpartiesforfriendsonspecialoccasions?"But18TheTimesworriesaboutisanotherkindofdisappearing.Itisusuallyhostedinone'shome.Invitations19(send)outweeksinadvanceandthehostspreparefood20(careful).Yetnowadays,peopleprefertoeattakeoutfoodontheirsofawhilejugglingamobilephoneandaremotecontrol.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AInThailand,human-elephantconflictisincreasing.Tolocalfarmers,elephantsthreatentheirsafetyandeconomiclivelihood.BringtheElephantHome(BTEH)isanon-profitorganisationwhosemissionistoincreasechancesofsurvivalforelephantsandworktowardsaworldinwhichpeopleandelephantscanliveinharmony,beneftingfromeachother'sexistence.BTEH'sprojectsrootinlocalcommunities.Theirworkischaracterisedbythreeprinciples:localinvolvement,ahealthyecology,andbenefitsforpeopleandelephantssimultaneously(同时地).Theyleadtoshareddecisionmaking,ownershipoflocalcommunities,sustainability,andapeacefulcoexistenceofpeopleandanimals.AgroupofBTEHresearchersandlocalfarmervolunteersareexperimentingwithhowtomaketheplantationslessappealingtoelephantsandpreventthemfromcomingintothefarms.AndtheTomYumProjectcomesintobeing.ThenameoftheTomYumProjectcomesfromtheThaisoup.Theingredients(原料)forthesouparechilli,garlic,lemongrass,andonion—noneofwhichareattractivetoelephants.Thisprojectgiveshopetoalternativecropsasasolutiontohuman-elephantconflictinThailand.Theprojectworksinthefollowingsteps.TheTomYumProjectisthefirstresearchandcommunity-basedalternativecropplantinginitiativetopromotehuman-elephantcoexistence.Now,somesimilarprojectswillbecarriedoutinSriLanka.21.Accordingtothepassage,BTEH'smissionistoA.developruralcommunitiesB.createhealthyenvironmentsC.improvelocaleconomiclivelihoodD.promotehuman-elephantcoexistence22.IntheTomYumProject,researchersandlocalfarmersA.formsomeguardingteamsB.volunteertocollectingredientsC.experimentwithalternativecropsD.provideelephantswiththeThaisoup23.Inwhichstepdofarmersturntheharvestedcropsintoorganichoneyorteas?A.Step2.B.Step3.C.Step4.D.Step5.BTwo-ManIronmanOnSept.17,2022,Jeffandhisson,Johnny,setouttobeginthefirstofthreelegsoftheIronmancompetition,wherecompetitorsmustcompletea140milesofswimming.bicyclingandrunninginunder17hours.Notthatlongago,Johnnycouldbarelywalkafewstepsbecausehewasbornwithcerebralpalsy(脑瘫).Buthisdreamofbeingarunnerneverstopped.FromthedayJohnnywasborn,Jeffrefusedtolethisson'sdisabilityholdhimback.DeterminedtoshowJohnnythathecouldpursuehisdreamofbeinganathlete,Jeffhelpedhimengageinrunning.Theybeganwakingupat4a.m.soJeffcouldrunwhilepushinghissoninaspecialwheelchaircalledaracingchair.Everymorning,theydrovethemselvestorunincreasinglylongerdistances.Soon,theywereentering5Kraces,thenontoIronmancompetition.JeffwouldactasJohnny'sarmsandlegs,carryingtheweightofhissonthroughouttherace.Theracebeganwitha2.4-mileswim.SettlingJohnnyintoakayak,Jeffeasedhimselfintothewater.Swimmingwhiledragginganotherpersonwasverytough.Butworstofall,Jeffhadtostrugglewithjellyfish."IoccupiedmymindbycountingthenumberoftimesIgotstung(蛰),"hesays.Afterthetwomencompletedthetoughbikesectioninroughlyninehours,theysettheirsightsonthefinallegoftherace—a26.2-milemarathon.They'dbeencompetingfor10.5hours,leavinganother6.5hourstomaketheirtime.ButatMile19,Johnnysawtheclocktickingdownandworriedtheywouldn'tmakethecutoff.Despitethetiredness,Jeffwasconvincedtheyweregoingallrightandthenpickedupthepace.Withminutesleftand200feettothefinishline,JeffstoppedtohelpJohnnyoutofhisracingchairandhandedhimhisrollingwalker.Afteryearsofpainstakingwork,Johnnywasdeterminedtofinishhisracesonhisown.After16hours,55minutesand35seconds,thefatherandsoncrossedthefinishlinetogether.AsthecrowdcheeredonanoverwhelmedJohnny,awearyJeffkeptalowprofle.“Myfatherdidn'twanthisfinishlinemoment,"saysJohnny,tearsineyes.“Hewantedittobemine.”24.WhydidJeffleadJohnnytorunning?A.TogetclosertoJohnny.B.TofulfillJohnny'sdream.C.TodiscoverJohnny'sinterest.D.TospeedupJohnny'srecovery.25.WhatchallengedJeffmostintheswimmingrace?A.Lackofenergy.B.Painfrominjuries.C.Mentaltiredness.D.Bodyweightchange.26.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeJohnnyaccordingtothepassage?A.Strong-willedandgrateful.B.Warm-heartedandsensitive.C.Patientandgenerous.D.Toughandhumorous.27.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?A.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.B.Fathersarenotborn;theyaremade.C.Thevalueofalovingfatherhasnoprice.D.Successcomesfromfailuresalongthejourney.CTimeisoneofhumanity'sgreatestblindspots.Weexperienceitasdays,months.oryears.Butnaturefunctionsonmuchgranderscales,measuredincenturies,andevenlongerphasesoftengroupedas“deeptime.”Humanity'sshortsightednessaroundtimecreatesmajorlimitsonmodernconservation.Astheclimateandbiodiversitycrisesaccelerate,weareurgentlyworkingtoprotectandregenerateecosystemswithoutunderstandinghowtheyfunctionedwhentheyweretrulydoingwell.Adeeptimeperspectivecanhelpchangethat.Takeforestmanagement.Fordecades,ourpracticescalledforall-outpreventionofeventhemildestforestfires,believingthatfirewasbadforbothpeopleandnonhumannature.Untilrecentlyweignoredtheforestmanagementstrategiesindigenous(土著的)communitieshadsuccessfullyusedforcenturies,inparticulartheapplicationofsmall-scalecontrolledburns.Fire,itturnsout,hasalwaysbeenanintegralingredientinhealthyforestecosystems,promotingnewgrowthbythinningtheunderstory.Today,we'rebeginningtoseewidespreadapplicationofindigenousknowledgetoforestmanagement,tappingintothisancientwisdom.Buthowcanweknowwhatanecosystemlookedlikecenturiesago?Onepathwayisthroughmodernmathematicalmodeling.Wehavemarrieditwithstreamsoflong-termdataanddiscoveredapossiblewaytopreservetheecosystemofCalifornia'skelpforestByexamininghowNorthPacifickelpforestsexistedlongbeforethe19thcentury,wefoundthatwe'veignoredthepresenceofakeystonespecies—theSteller'sseacow,anditsroleinmaintainingtheharmonyofthisecosystem.Ourmodeldescribedtheinteractionsbetweengiantkelpandunderstoryalgaecompetingforlightandspaceontheseafloor.Thenweranthemodelagain,butthistimewiththeSteller'sseacowaddedin.Thesemammalsfedontheleavesfromtheupperkelplayers.Thisallowedlighttoreachtheseabottom,whichinturnstimulatedthegrowthofnotonlythekelpbutotherkindsoforganisms.Inre-creatingthatvanishedhistoricalsystemthatincludedtheSteller'sseacow,wecouldseeamorediverseforestwheretheunderstorycompetedbetterwithkelpInshort,whatweassumeweknowaboutanecosystembasedontherecentpastmayimpedeourabilitytofullyunderstandandprotectit.Toensurethatourboldestconservationeffortsaresuccessful,wemustbeginlookingattimeasanessentialtool28.Accordingtothepassage,whatgetsinthewayofhuman'sconservationefforts?A.LackofinsightsintodeeptimeB.TheworseningofbiodiversitycrisesC.Theblindnesstomanagementstrategies.D.Resistancetotakingadeeptimeperspective.29.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.IgnoringtheSteller'sseacowledtoecologicalimbalance.B.Peoplenowprioritizefirepreventionovercontrolledburns.C.MathematicalmodelingmattersmorethanindigenousknowledgeD.Harvestingupperkelpleavesencouragesfreshgrowthintheunderstory.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"impede"inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Bringforth.B.Boostup.C.Shutdown.D.Holdback.DSeveraldozengraduatestudentsinLondonwererecentlytaskedwithoutwittingalargelanguagemodel(LLM),atypeofAIdesignedtoholdusefulconversations.LLMsareoftenprogrammedwithguardrailsdesignedtostopthemgivingharmfulreplies:instructionsonmakingbombsinabathtub,say,ortheconfidentstatementof"facts"thatarenotactuallytrue.Theaimofthetaskwastobreakthoseguardrails.Someresultsweremerelystupid.Forexample,oneparticipantgotthechatbottoclaimduckscouldbeusedasindicatorsofairquality.Butthemostsuccessfuleffortswerethosethatmadethemachineproducethetitles,publicationdatesandhostjournalsofnon-existentacademicarticles.AIhasthepotentialtobeabigbenefittoscience.Optimiststalkofmachinesproducingreadablesummariesofcomplicatedareasofresearch;tirelesslyanalysingoceansofdatatosuggestnewdrugsandeven,oneday,comingupwithhypothesesoftheirown.ButAIcomeswithdownsides,too.Startwiththesimplestproblem:academicmisconduct.SomejournalsallowresearcherstouseLLMstohelpwritepapers.Butnoteverybodyiswillingtoadmittoit.Sometimes,thefactthatLLMshavebeenusedisobvious.GuillaumeCabanac,acomputerscientist,hasuncovereddozensofpapersthatcontainphrasessuchas"regenerateresponse"-thetextofabuttoninsomeversionsofChatGPTthatcommandstheprogramtorewriteitsmostrecentanswer,probablycopiedintothemanuscript(原稿)bymistake.AnotherproblemariseswhenAImodelsaretrainedonAI-generateddata.LLMsaretrainedontextfromtheInternet.Astheychurnout(大量炮制)moresuchtext,theriskofLLMstakingintheirownoutputsgrows.Thatcancause"modelcollapse".In2023lliaShumailov,acomputerscientist,co-authoredapaperinwhichamodelwasfedhandwrittendigitsandaskedtogeneratedigitsofitsown,whichwerefedbacktoitinturn.Afterafewcycles,thecomputer'snumbersbecamemoreorlessillegible.After20iterations(迭代),itcouldproduceonlyroughcirclesorblurrylines.Someworrythatcomputer-generatedinsightsmightcomefrommodelswhoseinnerworkingsarenotunderstood.Inexplainablemodelsarenotuseless,saysDavidLeslieatanAI-researchoutfitinLondon,buttheiroutputswillneedrigoroustestingintherealworld.Thatisperhapslessunnervingthanitsounds.Checkingmodelsagainstrealityiswhatscienceissupposedtobeabout,afterall.Fornow,atleast,questionsoutnumberanswers.Thethreatsthatmachinesposetothescientificmethodare,attheendoftheday,thesameonesposedbyhumans.AIcouldacceleratetheproductionofnonsensejustasmuchasitacceleratesgoodscience.AstheRoyalSocietyhasit,nulliusinverba:takenobody'swordforit.Nothing's,either.31.TheresultofthetaskconductedinLondonshowsthatA.LLMsgiveawayusefulinformationB.theguardrailsturnouttobeineffectiveC.AI'sinfluencewillpotentiallybedecreasedD.theeffortputintothestudyofAIhardlypaysoff32.Whatdoes"modelcollapse"indicate?A.Thereadabilityofthemodels'outputisunderestimated.B.Thediversesourcesofinformationconfusethemodels.C.Trainingonregenerateddatastopsmodelsworkingwell.D.Thedatawillbecomereliableaftercontinuousiterations.33.Accordingtothepassage,people'sworryovertheinexplainablemodelsisA.impracticalB.unjustifiedC.groundlessD.unsettling34.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.FasterNonsense:AICouldAlsoGoWrongB.ImperfectModels:HowWillAIMakeAdvances?C.TheRiseofLLMs:AICouldStillBePromisingD.BiggerThreats:AIWillBeUncontrollable第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。“Findyourpassion!”Whendiscussingfuturecareeroptionsorselectingamajorincollege,yourparentsoftensaythis.Theveryexpressionismeanttoinspire.Butisitgoodadvice?“Finding”apassionimpliesthatitalreadyexistsandissimplywaitingtobediscovered.Unfortunately,thisideaisnotwhatsciencetellsus.35Tostudythis,researchersuseaframeworkof"fixed"and"growth"mindsets.Theyarguethatencouragingpeopleto“find”theirpassionmaycausethemtoeventuallybelievethatinterestsandpassionsareinbornandrelativelyunchangeable.36Incontrast,peoplewhoviewinterestsandpassionsasdevelopedhaveagrowthmindsetofinterest.Researchershaverevealedthatafixedmindsetofinterestcandecreasecreativity.Ifpeoplebelievetheyarelimitedtoonlyafewinborninterestsand,inconsequence,donotexploreotherareas,theymaymissseeingimportantconnectionsacrossdomains.37Evidently,peoplecandoalottoembraceagrowthmindsetofinterest.First,realizethatyourinterestsandpassionsaren'tpre-existing.Takeanactiveroleindevelopingyourpassions.Second,practisepositiveself-talk.Whenyoulackinterestinanewtask,payattentiontoyourinnerdialogue.38Forexample,change“I'mnotinterestedinthis”to“I'mnotinterestedinthisyet,butIknowthatinterestcandevelopwithtimeandengagement.” 39Butagrowthmindsetofinterestwillhelpyouremainopenandcurious.Thesciencetellsusweshouldworktowardlovingwhatwedo.Wemightbecomemorecreativeandresilientasaresult.A.Socanagrowthmindsetofinterestbetaught?B.Insteadpassions,likeinterests,aredeveloped.C.Peoplewhothinkthishaveafixedmindsetofinterest.D.Ofcourse,noteveryactivitywillbecomeaburningpassion.E.Assuch,seeinginterestsasfixedlimitstheircreativepotential.F.Don'texpectthatpursuingnewinterestswillalwaysbeeasyorexciting.G.Replaceself-criticalthoughtswithpositiveonesthatencouragegrowthandlearning.第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Inordertofitinandmakefriendsinanewschool,Amandaobservedhowherclassmatesbehavedandinteractedwitheachother.Gradually,sheperfectlyadoptedthemannerismsoftheclassmatesaroundher,laughingattheirjokes,noddinginagreementwiththeiropinions,hidingherselfintosomeoneshethoughtotherswantedhertobeWe'vealldonethese.Thisissocialmasking,theprocessofholdingbackorhidingournaturalwayofinteractingwithotherssowecanfeelaccepted.Inaworldthatoftentellsustojustbeourselves,youmightwonderwhymanyofusrelyonsocialmasking."Socialmaskinghappensbecauseweasaspecieswanttobeincluded,"sayspsychologistDiptiTait.“It'satribal(群体的)thingofbeingtogetherratherthanbeingonourown.Weallhavecertainmaskstoprotectourselvesfromexposureanddifference."Whilemaskingcanhelpusdealwithsocialsituations,itcanalsocomewithnegativeconsequences.Hidingourbehavioursandinterestsconstantlycanleadtoastrongfeelingofseparation,disconnection,andinternalconflict.Asaresult,wemayexperienceaheightenedandincreasedpossibilityofdevelopingdepressionaswestruggletounderstandsocialsituationsandsignsthatotherstakeforgranted.Fortunately,amaskisnotourownskin.Wemayfeelextremelytiredaftersocialengagementsandwanttospendtimealoneinordertofeellikeourselves."Thegoalistofeelsafeenoughtoremovethemask,"saysTait."It'scrucialforindividualstoreceiveacceptanceandsupportforwhotheyare,ratherthanfeelingliketheyneedtohidetheirtrueselvesinordertofitin.”40.Whatissocialmasking?41.Whydomanyofusrelyonsocialmasking?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.>Whenpeoplestruggletounderstandsocialsituationsthatothersconsidernormal,theywillfeellessdepressed.Inadditiontomasking,whatelsecanyoudotofitinwhenyouareinanewenvironment?(Inabout40words)第二节(20分)假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Chris想了解不同颜色在中国文化中的涵义。请你用英文给他回一封邮件，内容包括：1.颜色及其涵义；2.生活中的实例。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearChris,