新视野大学英语(第三版)读写教程Book4-Unit7-Section-B-A-worldwide-food-crisis课件

4Unit7EnergyandfoodcrisesFOREIGNLANGUAGETEACHINGANDRESEARCHPRESSHEBEIUNIVERSITYSectionBAworldwidefoodcrisis?Lead-inInspiringyourthoughtsEnhancingyourskillsFulfillingyourtaskInspiringyourthoughtsEnhancingyourskillsFulfillingyourtaskLead-inLead-inTaskTaskWhatarethefactorsdoyouthinkthatcausefoodshortage?Lead-inTalkingaboutfoodshortage•Weatherdisastersuchasdrought,flood,globalwarming;•Productioncosts;•Thedevelopmentofbiomassenergy;•Highdemandofconsumers;•Peoplewastefoodesp.whentheytreatothers.Referenceanswers：

Lead-inReadingcomprehensionEnhancingyourskillsFulfillingyourtaskLead-inInspiringyourthoughtsReadingskillTheskillofidentifyingtheauthor’spurposewaspreviouslydiscussedinB2U8.Asweknow,everyauthorwritesforapurpose.Therearethreecommonpurposesforwriting:Gettoknowdifferentpurposesofwriting.Step1InspiringyourthoughtsReadingskillTaskIdentifyingtheauthor’spurposeToinform–toprovidethereaderwithinformationaboutatopic;Topersuade–toconvincethereadertobelieveacertainviewpointortotakeacertaincourseofaction;Toentertain–toamusethereaderinsomeway.1.InformativewritingDiscussingroupsandthinkofcluesorcharacteristicsofeachkindofpurpose.Step2Informativewritingfeaturesfactsandevidence,notopinionsorvaluejudgments.Itoftencontainsdates,statisticsorotherfigures,orquotesfromexpertsorwitnesses.Dependingonthesubject,thelanguagemayormaynotincludetechnicalterms.InspiringyourthoughtsReadingskill2.PersuasivewritingPersuasivewritingfeaturesevidenceand/oremotionalappeals:•Opinionsandarguments

(basedonvarioustypesofevidencelikestories,examples,orstatistics);•Rhetoricalquestions(aquestionwithouttheexpectationofananswer);•Evaluatinglanguage(good/bad,right/wrong,horrifying/wonderful,etc.)andjudgmentallanguage(must,should,hadbetter,etc.);•Opposingviewsorcounter-arguments(roducedbywordslikehowever,but,unfortunately,etc.).InspiringyourthoughtsReadingskill3.EntertainingwritingTextswrittenmainlytoentertaincanbevaried.Theyoftenuseinformallanguage,simplesentencestructures,dialogues,orfigurativespeeches.InspiringyourthoughtsReadingskillReadTextBandanswerthefollowingquestions.Step3InspiringyourthoughtsReadingskillWhatdoesthetitletellusaboutthecontentofthetext?Arethereanyrhetoricalquestionsinthetext?Whatarethey?Howwouldyoudescribethelanguageofthisarticle?Isitformal,informal,evaluating,judgmentaloremotional?Isthereanyquoteinthetext?Whereisittakenfrom?Whatisitspurpose?Arethereanycounter-argumentinthetext?Whatdoesthetitletellusaboutthecontentofthetext?

Thetitleisaquestion.Byusingaquestionasthetitle,theauthortriestoattractthereader’sattentionandgetthemtothink.Fromthetitle,wecanseethatthearticleisaboutthepossibilityofaworldwidefoodcrisis.InspiringyourthoughtsReadingskillReferenceanswers：

tobecontinued2.Arethereanyrhetoricalquestionsinthetext?Whatarethey?

Therearetworhetoricalquestionsinthetext:

•Istheirfeargrounded?(Para.2)

•Willcurrentpricesstayhighandvolatile?(Para.6)InspiringyourthoughtsReadingskilltobecontinued3.Howwouldyoudescribethelanguageofthisarticle?Isitformal,informal,evaluating,judgmentaloremotional?

Thelanguageofthetextcanbedescribedasformal,evaluating,andjudgmental,ascanbeshownbythetext’slongandcomplexsentencestructures,affirmativetoneofwriting,descriptiveadjectives,andjudgmentalwordslikeneed,must,etc.InspiringyourthoughtsReadingskilltobecontinued4.Isthereanyquoteinthetext?Whereisittakenfrom?Whatisitspurpose?

Yes,thereisaquoteinParagraph8.ItistakenfromapamphletbyactivistPeterSinger:“…theproblemisn’tthatweareproducingtoolittlefood;ratherwe’renoteatingthefoodwegrow...Theproblemisthatwe–therelativelyaffluent–havecreatedasystemofpiracywhereweconsumefourorfivetimesasmuchfoodaswouldbepossibleifweweretoactuallyeatthecropswegrowdirectly.”Thequoteiscitedtoillustratethatlargequantitiesofpotentialfoodarenowusedforproducingbio-fuelsandlarge-scalemeatproduction.InspiringyourthoughtsReadingskilltobecontinued5.Arethereanycounter-argumentinthetext?

Yes.Therearetwocounter-arguments:1) Istheirfeargrounded?Consultancyfirmsmeasuringthestatusofcommoditieslikewheatdon’tthinkso.(Para.2)2) However,thisrosypictureprovidesonlytemporarysecurity.Thebiggerpicturedisclosesarealitynotsooptimistic.(Para.3)InspiringyourthoughtsReadingskillAccordingtotheanswerstoalltheabovequestions,wecanthusconcludethatTextBis

persuasive.ReadingskillReadingcomprehensionEnhancingyourskillsPresentingyourprojectProjectoftheunitInspiringyourthoughtsReadthroughthetextandfilloutthetableingroupsoffour.MainIdeaFunctionPartI(Paras.1-3)Theauthorbelievesthereisfoodcrisis.Lead-inPartII(Paras.4-8)

PartIII(Paras.9-11)

PartIV(Para.12)

Thecausesoffoodcrisis.Thesolutionsoffoodcrisis.Summaryofthearticle.CauseSolutionConclusionReadingcomprehensionInspiringyourthoughtsTaskUnderstandingthestructureofthetextStep1Whatfactorscontributetofoodcrisis?Decreaseoffoodsupply,worldpopulationgrowth,andproductionofbio-fuels.Step2ReadParas.1-3andanswerthefollowingquestion.ReadingcomprehensionInspiringyourthoughtsWhyfoodisdifferentfromothertradecommodities?Foodisdifferentbecauseitcancausepeopletooverreactwhenthemarketisunstable.Whythegrowthofgrainyieldshasbeenslowinthelastdecadesaccordingtothetext?Ithasbeenslowbecauseglobalfundingforadvancesinagriculturaltechnologyhasbeeninsufficient.Step3ReadParas.4-7andanswerthefollowingquestions.ReadingcomprehensionInspiringyourthoughtsWhatdoes“asystemofpiracy”(Para.8)refersindirectlyto?Itreferstoaseriesofimproperwaysrichpeopleconsumefood,suchashoardingfood.Whatcausesthehugegapbetweenpopulationgrowthandfooddemandincrease?Becauseofthegrowingneedforbasicfoods,theincreasingneedforbio-fuelsandthegradualchangeofpeople’sdiet.Step4ReadParas.8-11andanswerthefollowingquestions.ReadingcomprehensionInspiringyourthoughtsWhatisthekeypointtomeetthetremendousneedforfoodinthefuture?Itiscrucialtobuildthefoodproductioncapacityofdevelopingcountries.Whatisthetoneoftheauthortowardthefoodpriceissue?Theauthorisquiteconcernedaboutfoodprice.Step5ReadPara.12andanswerthefollowingquestions.ReadingcomprehensionInspiringyourthoughtsTranslationskillFulfillingyourtaskLead-inInspiringyourthoughtsEnhancingyourskillsLanguagehighlightingLanguagelearningLanguagefocusturnouthoardwholesalevolatilepiracyaffluentinfrastructuresubsidyappropriationbestarvedofrunoutofspikeFindwordsandexpressionsfromthetexttotalkabouttheinfluenceoffoodcrisis.Step1EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagelearningTask1LearningnewwordsandexpressionsaboutfoodcrisisStep2Matchthewordswiththeirmeanings.spikediscloseintriguevolatilehoardrunoutof...leveloffuseallofsth.andnothaveanyleftlikelytochangesuddenlyandwithoutwarningstoprisingorfallingandbecomesteadyanysuddenincreasegivesecretinformationtopeoplemakesb.veryinterestedinknowingmoreaboutsth.,esp.sth.thatseemsmysteriousgetandkeepalargeamountofsth.becauseitmightbevaluableorusefullaterEnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlightingTask2Detailedlearningofkeyvocabulary1.leveloff(Para.2)1.stoprisingorfallingandbecomesteady变得平稳；保持稳定Translation:这份报告说，肉价短期内也许偏高，但几周内会稳定到合理的价位水平。Thereportsays,forashortwhile,meatpricesmaybesomewhathigher,butwithinafewweekstheywilllevelofftoaveryreasonablelevel.1.leveloff(Para.2)2.stopgoingupordownandcontinueatthesameheight趋于平坦；作水平移动Translation:乘务员在等飞机进入水平飞行，以便他们能够提供饮料服务。Theflightattendantsarewaitingfortheplanetoleveloffsothattheycanservethedrinks.EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlighting1)这些数据证明该国首都的凶杀案发率正趋于稳定。

Thesefiguresshowthatmurdersinthenation’scapitalarebeginningtoleveloff.Translatethefollowingsentencesbyusingthephraseleveloff.2)飞机在大约三万英尺的高度水平飞行。Theaircraftleveledoffatabout30,000feet.EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlightingEnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlighting2.disclose(Para.3)vt.giveinformationtopeople,rmationthatwassecret透露，泄露（尤指秘密）Translation:警方调查人员不能泄露目击者的名字。Policeinvestigatorscannotdisclosethenamesofwitnesses.3.foretell

(Para.4)vt.saywhatwillhappeninthefuture;predict预言；预示Translation:他夸口说他能根据鸟的活动预测未来。Heboastedhecouldforetellthefuturebythemovementsofthebirds.EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlightingforetellforesightforecastDistinguishthefollowingthreewordsandfillintheblanks.foretellvt.预言；预示foresightn.先见；远见；预见forecastv.预报；预测EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlighting1)他们有投资新技术的先见之明。

Theyhadthe________toinvestinnewtechnology.2)他们还了解到，阿丘阿尔人的另一个主要看法就是，梦境有时候可以预示未来。

Another

of

the

Achuar’s

major

convictions,

they

learned,

isthat

dreams

cansometimes

_______

the

future.

3)天气预报有的时候准，有的时候不准。

Sometimes

theweather________is

accurate,

sometimes

not.

foresightforetellforecastEnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLrigue(Para.4)vt.makesb.veryinterestedinknowingmoreaboutsth,esp.sth.thatseemsmysterious激起…的兴趣；引起…的好奇心Translation:这些关于宇宙起源的问题让我好奇已经有十几年了。Thosequestionsabouttheoriginoftheuniversehaveintriguedmeformorethanadecade.EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlighting5.hoard(Para.5)vt. getandkeepalargeamountofsth.becauseitmightbevaluableorusefullater贮藏；囤积Translation:由于经济前景不确定，他决定储存金银而不是现金。Duetouncertaineconomicprospects,hedecidedtohoardgoldandsilverinsteadofcash.EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlighting6.excerpt(Para.8)n.[C]ashortpieceofwritingormusicthatistakenfromalongerpiece摘录；节选Translation:我想读一段《纽约时报》周一社论的摘录。IwanttoreadanexcerptfromMonday’seditorialofTheNewYorkTimes.EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlighting7.dodge(Para.9)vt.

avoiddoingsth.inacleverordishonestway（聪明或狡猾地）躲避，逃避Translation:许多政治家都学会了如何回避记者的刁钻问题。Manypoliticianshavelearnedhowtododgetoughquestionsfromreporters.EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlighting7.dodge(Para.9)v.

avoidsb.orsth.bymovingquickly,esp.sothatsth.doesnothityouorsb.doesnotseeyou闪开；躲开Translation:他及时移开头，躲开了朝他飞来的一块小石头。Hemovedhisheadawayintimetododgeasmallstoneheadingforhim.EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlightingdodgelodgewedgeDistinguishthethreewordswhichhavesimilarformsbutdifferentmeaningandfillintheblanks.dodge:

vt./vi.躲避；避开n.躲闪；托词lodge:

n.旅馆；门房；集会处；山林小屋vt.提出；寄存；借住；嵌入vi.寄宿；临时住宿wedge:

vt.楔入；挤进；楔住vi.楔入；挤进n.楔子；楔形物；导致分裂的东西EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlighting1)有些人会直面问题，而有些人则会完全地闪避问题。

Some

will

tackle

questions

headon,whileotherswill______thementirely.2)这是一个关于她还是个年轻老师时所借住的那个农家的故事。

Thisisastoryofthefarmingfamilyshe______withasayoungteacher.3)我关上小屋的门，然后用一根圆木将它抵牢。

Ishutthesheddoorand_______itwithalogofwood.

dodgelodgedwedgedEnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlighting1.Nocountry,forexample,wantstorunoutoffoodorwatchsky-highpricespushpeopleintopovertyandmalnourishment.(Para.5)bestarvedofsth.:bepreventedfromhavingenoughofwhatyouneed缺乏…Translation:比如，没有哪个国家希望出现粮食短缺，眼睁睁看着粮价飞涨而使人们陷入贫穷和营养不良的困境。EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlightingTask4Sentenceanalysiskeep/holdsth.atbay:preventsth.serious,dangerous,orunpleasantfromhappeningorfromcomingtooclose使（严重、危险或令人不快的）某事物无法接近；防止某结果产生Translation:全球用于乡村基础设施建设或农业技术研究以保持粮食产量持续增长的资金非常少。EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlighting2.Globalfundingforruralinfrastructureortechnologicalresearchtokeepyieldsgrowinghasbeenverysmall,wellbelowwhatisneededtokeepcrisesatbay.(Para.7)takeanoracletoforetell的意思是“不需要神谕预言”，也就是说这个道理不言自明，充分说明解决粮食危机迫在眉睫。这种说法生动鲜活，丰富了语言表达。EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlightingTask5LanguageappreciationItdoesn’ttakeanoracletoforetellthatthefighttofeedtheworldwillbeahugechallengefacingtheglobaleconomyoverthenext20years.(Para.4)LanguagehighlightingLanguagelearningLanguagefocusFulfillingyourtaskLead-inInspiringyourthoughtsTranslationskillEnhancingyourskills1. TheinternationalmeetingaboutfoodsupplyisscheduledforApril6th.2.Heatandlightcanbegivenoffbythischemicalchange.3. Measureshavebeentakentopreventthe

epidemic

fromspreadingquickly.DiscussingroupsoffourandtranslatethefollowingsentencesintoproperChinese,payingattentiontothewordsinred.

Step1EnhancingyourskillsTranslationskillTask1Practicingthetranslationskill–passivevoice1. TheinternationalmeetingaboutfoodsupplyisscheduledforApril6th.

有关粮食供给的国际会议定于四月六日举行。

2.Heatandlightcanbegivenoffbythischemicalchange.这种化学反应能放出热和光。3. Measureshavebeentakentopreventthe

greenhousegases

fromdiffusingquickly.

已经采取了措施来防止温室气体扩散。EnhancingyourskillsTranslationskillReferenceanswers：

ThetranslationofpassivevoiceinEnglish被动语态的翻译（名词转译为动词）EnhancingyourskillsTranslationskill1)保留原文主语当英语被动句中的主语为无生命的名词，而且句中不出现由by引导的行为主体时，翻译时往往将原句中的主语仍然译成主语。

Windenergycanbeproducedeverywhereifther