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Chapter1TheMiddleAgesGeoffreyChaucerGeoffreyChaucer(1343—1400)第一阶段:始于14世纪60年代末代表作:TheBookoftheDuchess《悼公爵夫人》第二阶段:始于14世纪70年代代表作:TheHouseofFame《声誉之堂》

TroilusandCriseyde《特罗勒斯与克丽西德》第三阶段:摆脱外国文学影响的成熟期代表作:TheCanterburyTales《坎特伯雷故事集》乔叟:“英国诗歌之父”,现实主义文学的奠基人诗歌特点反映社会生活刻画各阶层人物伦敦方言TheCanterburyTales细微的笔触,传神的描写,讽刺与幽默结合英国文学史上现实主义文学作品的第一部杰作刻画不同阶层的市民形象体现早期人文主义者乐观精神诗人前往坎特伯雷朝圣,在伦敦郊区的泰巴旅店碰上29位同去朝圣的信徒,遂相约结伴而行。为解旅途寂寞,众人听从酒店老板的建议,计划在往返途中每人各讲两个故事。作者原计划写120个故事,但到作者去世时,只写成一个引子和24个故事,其中还有两个是散文体。TheCanterburyTales(excerpt)WhanthatAprill,withhisshouressooteThedroghteofMarchhathpercedtotherooteAndbathedeveryveyneinswichlicour,Ofwhichvertuengendredistheflour;WhanZephiruseekwithhissweetebreethInspiredhathineveryholtandheethThetendrecroppes,andtheyongesonneHathintheRamhishalfecoursyronne,Andsmalefowelesmakenmelodye,Thatslepenalthenyghtwithopeneye-(SoprikethhemNatureinhircorages);ThannelongenfolktogoononpilgrimagesAndpalmeresfortosekenstraungestrondesTofernehalwes,kowtheinsondrylondes;AndspeciallyfromeveryshiresendeOfEngelond,toCaunterburytheywende,ThehoolyblisfulmartirfortosekeThathemhathholpen,whanthattheywereseeke.当四月的甘霖渗透了三月枯竭的根须,沐灌了丝丝茎络,触动了生机,使枝头涌现出花蕾,当和风吹拂,使得山林莽原遍吐着嫩条新芽,青春的太阳已转过半边白羊宫座,小鸟唱起曲调,通宵睁开睡眼,是自然拨弄着它们的心弦;这时,人们渴望着朝拜四方名坛,游僧们也立愿跋涉异乡。尤其在英格兰地方,他们从每一州的角落,向着坎特伯雷出发,去朝谢他们的救病恩主、福泽无边的殉难圣徒。Bifil

that

in

that

seson,on

a

day,In

Southwerk

at

the

Tabard

as

I

layRedy

to

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on

my

pilgrymageTo

Caunterbury

with

ful

devout

corage,At

nyght

was

come

into

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thostelryeWel

nyne

and

twenty

in

a

compaignyeOf

sondry

folk,by

aventure

yfalleIn

felaweshipe,

and

pilgrimes

were

they

alle,That

toward

Caunterbury

wolden

ryde.The

chambres

and

the

stables

weren

wyde,And

wel

we

weren

esed

atte

beste;And

shortly,

whan

the

sonne

was

to

reste,So

hadde

I

spoken

with

hem

everichonThat

I

was

of

hir

felaweshipe

anon,And

made

forward

erly

for

to

ryseTo

take

our

wey,

ther

as

I

yow

devyse.But

nathelees,

whil

I

have

tyme

and

space,Er

that

I

ferther

in

this

tale

pace,Me

thynketh

it

acordaunt

to

resounTo

telle

yow

al

the

condiciounOf

ech

of

hem,

so

as

it

semed

me,And

whiche

they

weren,

and

of

what

degree,And

eek

in

what

array

that

they

were

inne;And

at

a

knyght

than

wol

I

first

bigynne.那是个初夏方临的日子,我到泰巴旅店投宿歇息;怀着一颗虔诚的赤子心,我准备翌日出发去朝圣。黄昏前后华灯初上时分,旅店院里涌入很多客人;二十九人来自各行各业,不期而遇都到旅店过夜。这些香客人人虔心诚意,次日要骑马去坎特伯雷。客房与马厩宽敞又洁净,店主的招待周到而殷勤。夕阳刚从地平线上消失,众人同我已经相互结识;大家约好不等鸡鸣就起床,迎着熹微晨光干燥把路上。可是在我叙述故事之前,让我占用诸位一点时间,依我之见似乎还很必要,把每人的情况作些介绍。谈谈他们从事什么行业,社会地位属于哪个阶层,容貌衣着举止又是如何,那么我就先把骑士说说AKNYGHTtherwas,andthataworthyman,ThatfrothetymethathefirstbiganToridenout,helovedchivalrie,Troutheandhonour,fredomandcurteisie.Fulworthywasheinhislordeswerre,Andthertohaddeheriden,nomanferre,Aswelincristendomasinhethenesse,Andeverehonouredforhisworthynesse.AtAlisaundrehewas,whanitwaswonn.FuloftetymehehaddethebordbigonneAbovenallenacionsinPruce;InLettowhaddehereysed,andinRuce,NoCristenmansoofteofhisdegree.InGernadeattheseegeeekhaddehebeOfAlgezir,andrideninBelmarye.AtLyeyswasheandatSatalye,Whantheywerewonne;andintheGreteSeeAtmanyanoblearmeehaddehebe.Atmortalbatailleshaddehebeenfiftene,AndfoughtenforourefeithatTramysseneInlystesthries,andayslaynhisfoo.骑士的人品出众而且高尚,自从军以来就驰骋于疆场,待人彬彬有礼,大度而豪爽,珍惜荣誉节操和骑士风尚。为君主效命创辉煌战绩,所到国家之远无人能比,转战于基督和异教之邦,因功勋卓著缕缕受表彰。他攻打过亚历山大利亚;在普鲁士庆功宴上有他,这位佼佼者多次坐首席;从立陶宛直打到俄罗斯,同级的骑士都大为逊色;攻克阿给西勒有他一个,还出征到过柏尔玛利亚;夺取烈亚斯和萨塔利亚;他还多次游弋于地中海,跟随登陆大军将敌战败。十五次比武他大显身手,为捍卫信仰而浴血奋斗;在战场上三次杀死敌将,高贵的武士美名传四方。ThisilkeworthyknyghthaddebeenalsoSomtymewiththelordofPalatyeAgaynanotherhetheninTurkye.Andeveremoorehehaddeasovereynprys;Andthoughthathewereworthy,hewaswys,Andofhisportasmeekeasisamayde.HenevereyetnovileynyenesaydeInalhislyfuntonomanerwight.Hewasaverray,parfitgenilknyght.But,fortotellenyowofhisarray,Hishorsweregoode,buthewasnatgay.OffustianheweredagyponAlbismoteredwithhishabergeoun,Forhewaslateycomefromhisviage,Andwentefortodoonhispilgrymage.Withhymtherwashissone,ayongSQUIER,Alovyereandalustybacheler;Withlokkescrulle,astheywereleydinpresse.Oftwentyyeerofagehewas,Igesse.Ofhisstaturehewasofevenelengthe,Andwonderlydelyvere,andofgreetstrengthe.他一度侍奉帕拉希亚的君王,在那段时间里我们这位骑士征讨土耳其异教徒的另一支:每次赢得最高荣誉的总是他。尽管他极其勇敢却世事洞达,举止的温和简直就像是姑娘;一生中他不管遇到什么对象,也从来都不曾说过一句粗话。这骑士真是忠贞、完美又温雅。现在我告诉你们他那副装备:他的马虽好,衣着却并不华美。穿的是一袭粗布的无袖长衣,已被他锁子甲弄得满是污迹;因为他是远征后刚乘船归来,接着便上路来进行这次朝拜。他有个儿子随行,这年轻扈从正在恋爱,他精神振奋又忠勇,有一头像是火钳烫出的鬈发。依我看,他年纪约在二十上下;他的个子同一般的人差不多,但孔武有力而且出奇地灵活。AndhehaddebeensomtymeinchyvachieInFlaundres,inArtoys,andPycardie,Andbornhymweel,asofsolitelspace,Inhopetostondeninhisladygrace.Embroudedwashe,asitwereameede,Alfuloffresshefloures,whyteandreede;Syngyngehewas,orfloytynge,altheday,HewasasfresshasisthemontheofMay.Shortwashisgowne,withsleveslongeandwyde.Welkoudehesitteonhors,afaireryde.Hekoudesongesmake,andwelendite,Juste,andeekdaunce,andweelpurtreyeandwrite.Sohootehelovede,thatdoothanyghtyngale.Curteishewas,lowely,andservysable,Andcarfbifornhisfaderatthetable.AYEMANhaddeheandservantznamoAtthattyme,forhymlisteridesoo;Andhewascladincoteandhoodofgrene.他一度随同骑十团远征各地——到过佛兰德斯、阿图瓦、皮卡第——时间虽很短,然而表现却不坏,为的是博取他心上人的青睐。他绣花的衣裳像是草地一片,满是白花和红花,新鲜又娇艳。整天里他不是唱歌就是吹笛,就像是五月天充满青春朝气。他穿着短衫,那袖子又肥又大。他精于骑术,善于驾御他的马;他能文能诗,能作曲又能跳舞,还能绘画并骑马执矛去比武。炽热的爱火在他的心中燃烧,使他夜里睡得同夜莺一样少。他谦逊有礼,乐于帮人家一手;到了餐桌上,他总为父亲切肉。

骑士还带有一名跟班,他这趟没多带仆从,因为他爱这样闯;跟班的外衣和兜帽全是绿色;Asheefofpecokarwes,brightandkeneUnderhisbelthebarfulthriftily,(Welkoudehedressehistakelyemanly:Hisearwesdroupednoghtwithfethereslowe)Andinhishandhebaaramyghtybowe.Anotheedhaddehe,withabrounvisage,Ofwoodecraftwelkoudehealtheusage.Uponhisarmhebaaragaybracer,Andbyhissydeaswerdandabokeler,AndonthatothersydeagaydaggereHarneisedwelandsharpeaspointofspere.ACristopheronhisbrestofsilversheene.Anhornhebar,thebawdrykwasofgrene;Aforsterwashe,soothly,asIgesse.TherwasalsoaNonne,aPRIORESSE,Thatofhirsmylyngwasfulsympleandcoy;HirgrettesteoothwasbutbySeinteLoy;AndshewasclepedMadameEglentyne.腰带下有一筒利箭稳稳挂着;孔雀毛的箭羽,箭镞闪闪熠熠(这箭从没因箭羽萎蔫而落地:他善于修整武器,因为是乡勇)而他手中握着的,是一张硬弓。他脸色黝黑,短发盖在头四周。论林中狩猎,他可是一把好手。他的手臂上套着精致的护腕,身子的一旁是他的盾牌和剑;另一边则是寒光闪闪的匕首,它制作精良,锋利得就像矛头。他胸前闪着白银的圣徒像章,一只号角挂在他绿色肩带上——是个护林人,我想我猜得不错。

还有一位女修道院院长嬷嬷,她浅浅的笑容谦和而又纯真,她的痛骂是说声“圣罗伊作证”;大家对她的称呼是玫瑰女士。Fulweelshesoongtheservicedyvyne,Entunedinhirnosefulsemely,AndFrensshshespakfulfaireandfetisly,AfterthescoleofStratford-atte-Bowe,ForFrensshofParyswastohirunknowe.Atmetewelytaughtwasshewithalle:Sheleetnomorselfromhirlippesfalle,Newettehirfyngresinhirsaucedepe;Welkoudeshecarieamorsel,andwelkepeThatnodropenefilleuponhirbrist.Incurteisiewassetfulmuchehirlist.Hireover-lippewypedshesocleneThatinhircoppetherwasnoferthyngseneOfgrece,whanshedronkenhaddehirdraughte.Fulsemelyafterhirmetesheraughte.Andsikerly,shewasofgreetdesport,Andfulplesaunt,andamyableofport,AndpeynedhirtocountrefetecheereOfcourt,andbeenestatlichofmanere,Andtobenholdendigneofreverence.听她唱歌要趁她做礼拜之时,她唱的圣歌带鼻音最是动人;她讲的法语既流利又很标准——是从斯特拉特福学来的腔调,因为巴黎的法语她从未听到。她餐桌上的礼仪学得很到家;没一点食物会从她唇间掉下,她手指不会蘸到调味汁里面。她小心翼翼把食物送到嘴边,决不让一点一滴往她胸前掉——讲究礼节与礼仪是她的爱好。她的亡嘴唇她总擦得很干净,所以杯沿没一点油腻的唇印,尽管已就着杯子喝了好几次;进食时她好一派得体的举止。可以看出,她性格开朗兴致高,既使人舒服,对人又亲切友好;她尽力让举动显示高贵气度,表明她是懂宫廷礼仪的人物——这—切表现使得她颇受尊敬。But,fortospekenofhirconscience,ShewassocharitableandsopitousShewoldewepe,ifthatshesaughamousKaughtinatrappe,ifitweredeedorbledde.Ofsmalehoundeshaddeshe,thatshefeddeWithrostedflessh,ormilkandwastel-breed.Butsooreweepsheifoonofhemweredeed,Orifmensmootitwithaerdesmerte;Andalwasconscience,andtendreherte.Fulsemylyhirwympulpynchedwas,Hirenosetretys,hireyengreyeasglas,Hirmouthfulsmal,andthertosofteandreed;Butsikerlyshehaddeafairforheed;Itwasalmoostaspannebrood,Itrowe;For,hardily,shewasnatundergrowe.Fulfetyswashircloke,asIwaswar;OfsmalcoralaboutehirarmshebarApeireofbedes,gaudedalwithgrene,Antheronhengabroochofgoldfulsheene,OnwhichtherwasfirstwriteacrownedA,AndafterAmorvincitomnia.要说到那种仁厚温柔的感情,她是满腔慈悲,一肚子好心肠;看到一只老鼠夹住在捕机上死去或流血,她就不禁要流泪,她养着几条小狗,她给它们喂烤肉,或者喂牛奶和精白面包;只要这中间有一只竟然死掉或挨了棍子抽打,她准会哭泣——她有满腔的柔肠、仁爱的心地。她修女的头巾折得恰到好处;鼻子匀称,亮如玻璃的灰眼珠;她的嘴很小,长得又红又娇柔;说真的,她还有个白皙的额头——我看这几乎是一个手掌宽度,因为她完全是一个常人高度。我还注意到她的斗篷做得好。她臂上有一串珊瑚念珠环绕,中间隔着绿色的饰珠一颗颗,这串念珠上有个金胸针闪烁;这个胸针上有个A字的大写,下面是句拉丁语:爱战胜一切。AnotherNONNEwithhirhaddeshe,Thatwashirechapeleyne,andpreestesthre.AMONKtherwas,afairforthemaistrie,Anoutridere,thatlovedevenerie,Amanlyman,tobeenanabbotable.Fulmanyadeynteehorshaddeheinstable,Andwhanherood,menmyghtehisbrydelheereGyngleninawhistlyngewyndalscleereAndeekasloude,asdooththechapelbelle.Therasthislordwaskeperofthecelle,ThereuleofSeintMaure,orofSeintBeneit,BycausethatitwasoldandsomdelstreitThisilkeMonkleetoldethyngespace,Andheeldaftertheneweworldthespace.Heyafnatofthattextapulledhen,Thatseiththathuntersbethnathoolymen,Nethatamonk,whanheisrecchelees,Isliknedtilafisshthatiswaterlees,Thisistoseyn,amonkoutofhiscloystreButthilketextheelhenatworthanoystre;AndIseydehisopiniounwasgood.另有一个女尼是她修道院中的副手,还有三个教士,都是和她一起的。此外有一个修道僧,身材魁梧,是乡间一个善骑的人,最爱打猎,煞有丈夫气概,当得起一个僧院院长。马厩中有的是血一般红的马匹,他乘骑时人们可以听见他马缰上的玲在呼啸的风中叮当作响,那清晰嘹亮的声响象他所当着住持的教堂钟声一样。为了圣摩尔或圣本纳脱的教条已经陈腐而且有些太严,这位修道僧宁可让这类旧式老套消逝,他要追逐新异的事物。他对于书本上所说猎人是不圣洁的这句话,觉得丝毫不值得考虑,简直就像是一只拔光了毛的鸡;或者说什么出了僧院的修道者好似一条出水之鱼;这句话他也认为不值得一个牡蛎。我说他这意见是有道理的;Whatsholdehestudie,andmakehymselvenwood,Uponabookincloystrealweytopoure,Orswynkenwithhishandesandlaboure,AsAustynbit?Howshaltheworldbeserved?LatAustynhavehisswynktohimreserved!Therforehewasaprikasouraright:Grehoundeshehadde,asswiftasfowelinflight;OfprikyngandofhuntyngforthehareWasalhislust,fornocostwoldehespare.IseighhisslevespurfiledatthehondWithgrys,andthatthefynesteofalond;And,fortofestnehishoodunderhischyn,Hehaddeofgoldywroghtacuriouspyn;Alove-knotteinthegretterendetherwas.Hisheedwasballed,thatshoonasanyglas,Andeekhisface,asithaddebeenenoynt.Hewasalordfulfatandingoodpoynt,Hiseeyenstepe,androllyngeinhisheed,Thatstemedasaforneysofaleed;Hisbootessouple,hishorsingreetestaat.何必在僧院里关紧着读书,或是像圣奥司丁所教导的那样要亲手劳动呢?圣奥司丁尽可自己做他的工。他却只顾骑马奔驰,紧跟着猎犬像飞鸟般迅速。他一切的娱乐都寄托在骑、猎两件大事上,也不怕为此挥霍。我看他那衣袖口所镶的细软黑皮是国内最讲究的货色,一颗金铸的饰针扣住兜颈;宽的一端还有一个情人结。他的秃头光亮如镜;脸上也是一样,似乎擦了油一般。他是一位肥胖而漂亮的人物。两只眼睛在额上打转,射出火光,像锅炉一样。鞋靴是细软的,他的马也有十足的傲态。Nowcerteinlyhewasafairprelaat;Hewasnatpaleasaforpynedgoost.Afatswanlovedhebestofanyroost.Hispalfreywasasbrounasisaberye,AFREREtherwas,awantowneandamerye,Alymytour,afulsolempneman.InalletheordresfoureisnoonthatkanSomuchelofdaliaunceandfairlangage.HehaddemaadfulmanyamariageOfyongewommenathisowenecost.Untohisordrehewasanoblepost,AndwelbilovedandfamulierwasheWithfrankeleynsoveralinhiscontree,Andeekwithworthywommenofthetoun;Forhehaddepowerofconfessioun,Asseydehymself,moorethanacurat,Forofhisordrehewaslicenciat.Fulswetelyherdeheconfessioun,Andplesauntwashisabsolucioun:Hewasanesymantoyevepenaunce,Therashewistetohaveagoodpitaunce.他的确是一位不平凡的僧侣。他绝不是一个苍白的瘦鬼;一切肉食中他最爱的是红烧肥天鹅。他身下所骑的马显出干果的棕褐色。有一个游乞僧,在他的限区以内游乞,是一个放荡不羁而自负的人。在四个教团中只有他最能讲得一套中听的话。他曾自己花费了钱为好几个女子结配成婚;他是他所属的教团中的一根台柱!在他的一乡里他是小地主们面前最受喜爱、最熟悉的人,在城里有地位的妇女们中间他也是如此,因为照他自己所说,他当一个忏悔师比任何牧师都有资格,原来他是得有罗马主教特许的。他听忏悔时十分和蔼,赦罪时也能使人愉悦;只消可能吃到一顿好饭,他就容易让人悔改。ForuntoapovreordrefortoyiveIssignethatamaniswelyshryve;For,ifheyaf,hedorstemakeavaunt,Hewistethatamanwasrepentaunt;Formanyamansohardeisofhisherte,Hemaynatwepe,althoghhymsooresmerte;TherforeinstedeofwepyngeandpreyeresMenmooteyevesilvertothepovrefreres.HistypetwasayfarsedfulofknyvesAndpynnes,fortoyevenyongewyves.Andcerteinlyhehaddeamuryenote:Welkoudehesynge,andpleyenonarote;Ofyeddyngeshebaaroutrelythepris.Hisnekkewhitwasastheflour-de-lys;Thertohestrongwasasachampioun.HeknewthetaverneswelineverytounAndeverichhostilerandtappestereBetthanalazarorabeggestere;ForuntoswichaworthymanasheAcordednat,asbyhisfacultee,Tohavewithsikelazarsaqueyntaunce.他认为谁能捐助一个穷困的教团就表示他已安然得赦了;谁出了钱,谁就悔了罪。因为多少人心肠奇硬,虽吃尽了苦也哭不出来;所以人们不必哭泣祷告,只送银子给穷僧就够了。他的披肩夹袋里盛满了刀针之类,可以做淑女贤妻的赠品。他唱起来嗓子悦耳,并且是个提琴能手;竟唱歌曲时他一向取得头奖。他的颈项雪白,像鸢尾花一样,可是身体坚强,比得上一个拳击冠军。城里每家客店他都认得,每一个客店老板,和酒吧姑娘都是他的熟人,可是癞疯子和女乞丐一类人却不在他的照顾之下。他的地位是何等重要,岂能同癫病患者来往;Itisnathoneste,itmaynatavaunce,Fortodeelenwithnoswichporaille,Butalwithricheandselleresofvitaille.Andoveral,therasprofitsholdearise,Curteishewas,andlowelyofservyse.Thernasnomannowhersovertuous.Hewasthebestebeggereinhishous;(AndyafacerteynfermeforthegrauntNoonofhisbrethrencamtherinhishaunt);Forthoghawydwehaddenoghtasho,Soplesauntwashis“Inprincipio”Yetwoldehehaveaferthyng,erhewente;Hispurchaswaswelbettrethanhisrente.Andragehekoude,asitwererightawhelp.Inlove-dayestherkoudehemuchelhelp,FortherehewasnatlykacloystererWithathredbarecope,asisapovrescoler,Buthewaslykamaisterorapope;Ofdoubleworstedewashissemycope,Thatroundedasabelleoutofthepresse.去同这般下贱的穷汉周旋,未免太不像话,太不值得了,只有富人和粮商才是有道理的。有利可图的场合他才毕恭毕敬,奉承奔走。再找不出这样能干的人了;在他的修道院中他是个头号游乞僧,他每年付出一笔钱,以免旁人侵犯他在各路所独占的权益。即使有个寡妇穷得拿不出一双旧鞋,但他能引用《约翰福音》,使她听得非常合胃口,结果在他离开之前还是拿到了他所要的钱币。我相信,他行乞所得,还多于他产业上的收入!他跳来跳去,同一只小狗一般。在调停案件的裁判日,他是很能起作用的,因为他并不像守院僧或穷书生那样披着褴褛的法衣,却像一个大学生或红衣主教。他的半边法衣是用双料毛丝布所制,从鼓起像一座钟的衣柜内取出。SomwhathelipsedforhiswantownesseTomakehisEnglisshsweeteuponhistonge;Andinhisharpyng,whanthathehaddesonge,HiseeyentwynkledinhisheedaryghtAsdoonthesterresinthefrostynyght.ThisworthylymytourwasclepedHuberd.

AMARCHANTwastherwithaforkedberd,Inmottelee,andhyeonhorsehesat;UponhisheedaFlaundrysshbeverhat,Hisbootesclaspedfaireandfetisly.Hisresonshespakfulsolempnely,Sownyngealwaysth’encreesofhiswynnyng.HewoldetheseewerekeptforanythyngBitwixeMiddelburghandOrewelle.Welkoudeheineschaungesheeldesselle.Thisworthymanfulwelhiswitbisette;Therwistenowightthathewasindette,SoestatlywasheofhisgovernaunceWithhisbargaynesandwithhischevyssaunce.Forsothe,hewasaworthymanwith-alle,But,soothtoseyn,Inoothowmenhymcalle.他讲话时咬着嘴唇,发音含混,以为可以使他的英语说得好听,他有时一面弹琴或唱歌,一面两只眼睛在头里闪耀,像霜夜的星儿一般。这位游乞僧名叫胡伯脱。还有一个商人,留的是八字胡须,穿的是花色衣服。高高骑在马背上,头戴一顶法兰德斯的獭皮帽,一双整洁的鞋子用华贵的扣子扣起。他夸大着自己的见解,为的是谋取利润;他认为世上最重要的事就是维持米德尔堡和奥威尔之间海上的安全,不使受海盗骚扰。他知道如何在交易场上卖金币。他是一位精打细算的人;能讲价,善借贷,谁也不知道他有债务在身。他确是一个人才,可惜,说句老实话,我不知道他的尊姓大名。ACLERKtherwasofOxenfordalso,Thatuntologykhaddelongeygo.Asleenewashishorsasisarake,Andhenasnatrightfat,Iundertake,Butlookedholweandthertosobrely.Fulthredbarewashisoverestecourtepy;Forhehaddegetenhymyetnobenefice,Newassoworldlyfortohaveoffice.ForhymwasleverehaveathisbeddesheedTwentybookes,cladinblakorreed,OfAristotleandhisphilosophie,Thanrobesriche,orfithele,orgaysautrie.Butalbethathewasaphilosophre,Yethaddehebutlitelgoldincofre;Butalthathemyghteofhisfreendeshente,Onbookesandonlernyngeheitspente,AndbisilyganforthesoulespreyeOfhemthatyafhymwherwithtoscoleye.Ofstudietookhemoostcureandmoostheede.有一个是牛津的学者,读过很久的逻辑学。他的一匹马瘦得像一把铁耙,我看他自己也不算胖,两颊下凹,面容沉默稳重。他的一件小外衣已破绽脱线,原来他不懂世务,一直没有领得俸禄。他宁可在床头堆起二十卷亚里斯多德的哲理书,红的、黑的装订,却不讲究穿着,不拉提琴,也不好弹弦乐。他虽是一个哲学家,但钱匣里找不出金子来!他的朋友所给他的钱都用到书本和学问上去了,为了那些帮他求学的人们灵魂得救,他不断地祈祷。读书是他唯一的念头。Noghtowordspakhemoorethanwasneede,Andthatwasseydinformeandreverence,Andshortandquyk,andfulofhysentence;Sownyngeinmoralvertuwashisspeche,Andgladlywoldehelerne,andgladlyteche.ASERGEANTOFTHELAWE,warandwys,ThatoftenhaddebeenattheParvys,Therwasalso,fulricheofexcellence.Discreethewas,andofgreetreverence-Hesemedswich,hisewordeswerensowise.Justicehewasfulofteninassise,Bypatente,andbypleyncommissioun.Forhisscience,andforhisheighrenoun,Offeesandrobeshaddehemanyoon.Sogreetapurchasourwasnowhernoon:Alwasfeesympletohymineffect,Hispurchasyngmyghtenatbeeninfect.Nowhersobisyamanashethernas,Andyethesemedbisierthanhewas.不需要讲的话他一字也不讲,要讲的时候他也是循规蹈矩的,话语短促,而含意渊深。他的一言一语,离不了道德文章。在一切之上,他所喜爱的就是学与教。有一位律师,是一个杰出的人物,审慎、聪明,常常参加法学的讨论。他很贤明,能取得人人的推崇;——至少从表面上看来,他是这样一个人,因为他的谈吐煞是精辟。他当过巡回法庭的审判官,受到皇家的委任,特准裁判所有性质不同的案件;由于他的学识和名望,他领受过许多酬金和赠予的衣物。他的才能高超,一项产业任凭它附有何种条件,他总能使它取得绝对权益,他的契据上谁也找不出任何差错。再也没有比他还忙碌的人,而近来他越发忙了。IntermeshaddehecaasanddoomesalleThatfromthetymeofKyngWilliamwerefalle.Thertohekoudeenditeandmakeathyng,Therkoudenowightpyncheathiswrityng;Andeverystatutkoudehepleynbyrote.HeroodbuthoomlyinamedleecoteGirtwithaceintofsilk,withbarressmale;OfhisarraytelleInolengertale.

AFRANKELEYNwasinhiscompaignye.Whitwashisberdasisadayesye;Ofhiscomplexiounhewassangwyn.Wellovedhebythemorweasopeinwyn,Tolyvenindelitwaseverehiswone,ForhewasEpicurusowenesone,ThatheeldopiniounthatpleyndelitWasverrayfeliciteeparfit.Anhousholdere,andthatagreet,washe;SeintJulianwasheinhiscontree.Hisbreed,hisale,wasalweysafteroon,Abettreenvynedmanwasnowhernoon.Withoutebakemetewasneverehishous自从威廉一世以来,每一件法案判例他都记得清楚,每一条法令,他也能逐字背得出,他所写下的字据,谁也无法提出责难。他乘骑出行,装束平凡,衣服的布料是杂色的,腰围一根丝带,上有金质小扣。至于他的外表我就不加细述了。同他一起旅行的是一个自由农,胡子泛白,像雏菊一样,脸色是红的,为人是热情的。他早餐时最爱吃酒泡面包。他一生寻乐,因为他是伊壁鸠鲁的信徒,认为只有快乐中才有幸福。他的家总是公开的,在乡间他简直是个款待宾客的圣徒,像圣求列恩一样。他的面包和酒都是最上等的;谁也没有他藏酒丰富。。Offisshandflessh,andthatsoplentevous,Itsnewedinhishousofmeteanddrynke,Ofalledeynteesthatmenkoudethynke.Afterthesondrysesonsoftheyeer,Sochaungedhehismeteandhissoper.Fulmanyafatpartrichhaddeheinmuwe,Andmanyabreemandmanyaluceinstuwe.Wowashiscook,butifhissaucewerePoynauntandsharp,andredyalhisgeere.HistabledormantinhishallealwayStoodredycoveredalthelongeday.Atsessiounstherwashelordandsire;Fuloftetymehewasknyghtoftheshire.AnanlaasandagipseralofsilkHeengathisgirdel,whitasmornemilk.Ashirrevehaddehebeen,andacountour.Wasnowherswichaworthyvavasour.家中进餐时总有大盘的鱼面糊;酒肴在他家里像雪一样纷飞,凡是人所能想到的美味他都吃尽了。他的饮食跟着时季变换。他在笼里喂了许多肥鹧鸪,鱼塘里养了很多鲷鲈之类。他的厨师如果烧出的汤不够辛辣,不够浓烈,或是器皿不整齐,这个厨师就倒了霉!他厅堂里的大餐桌是整天铺陈好的。裁判官员们在审案会齐的时候,就是他主持着会议,十分威仪,他多次代表他的一州当过议员。他腰带边挂下一把短刀,一个绸囊,白得像清晨的牛奶一样。他当过州官和辩护律师;哪里也找不出这样一个漂亮的小地主。AnHABERDASSHEREandaCARPENTER,AWEBBE,aDYERE,andaTAPYCER,-AndtheywereclothedalleinolyvereeOfasolempneandagreetfraternitee.Fulfresshandnewehirgeereapikedwas;Hirknyveswerechapednoghtwithbras,Butalwithsilver;wroghtfulcleneandweel,Hiregirdlesandhirpoucheseverydeel.WelsemedechofhemafairburgeysTositteninayeldehalleonadeys.Everich,forthewisdomthathekan,Wasshaplyfortobeenanalderman.ForcatelhaddetheyynoghandrenteAndeekhirwyveswoldeitwelassente;Andellescerteyn,weretheytoblame.Itisfulfairtobeenycleped“madame,”Andgoontovigiliesalbifore,Andhaveamantelroiallicheybore.另外有帽商,木匠,织工,染工和家具商,都同我们一起,穿的是同样的服装,属于同一个声名赫赫的互助协会。他们的佩饰都很鲜明。他们所带的刀并非铜制,而是细刻的银质,腰带、挂袋莫不整洁精巧。每一个人看来都配做个好市民,可以在议事厅上坐居高位。每一个都是能干的人,不愧当个互助协会会长。财物收入既然丰裕,我想他们的妻子们也一定会赞同的!除非他们有所查缺;否则,那应是一桩称心的事,被人称为夫人,斋戒祈祷的日子好走在旁人前面,还有一件外套显耀地被人抬着做前导。ACOOKtheyhaddewithhemforthenonesToboillethechikneswiththemarybones,Andpoudre-marchanttart,andgalyngale.WelkoudeheknoweadraughteofLondonale.Hekouderooste,andsethe,andbroille,andfrye,Makenmortreux,andwelbakeapye.Butgreetharmwasit,asitthoughteme,Thatonhisshyneamormalhaddehe.Forblankmanger,thatmadehewiththebeste.

ASHIPMANwasther,wonyngeferbyweste;ForaughtIwoot,hewasofDertemouthe.Herooduponarouncy,ashekouthe,Inagowneoffaldyngtotheknee.AdaggerehangyngeonalaashaddeheAboutehisnekke,underhisarmadoun.Thehootesomerhaddemaadhishewealbroun,Andcerteinlyhewasagoodfelawe.FulmanyadraughteofwynhadheydraweFroBurdeux-ward,whilthatthechapmansleep.Ofnyceconsciencetookhenokeep.他们带着一个厨师同路,为他们烧鸡和髓骨,酸粉馒头,和莎草根。他对于伦敦酒最内行!他能煨、煎、焙、炖,能做精美的羹,又善于烤饼。可惜的是,我想,他小腿嫣上生了一颗大疮;——不过,他的碎烧阉鸡实在是数一数二的。还有一个船手,远自西方而来;据我所知,他是达得茂斯的人。勉强骑着一匹小马,一件粗毛长袍罩过膝部。他的一把刀挂在围颈的线带上,拖到腋下。炎夏把他的皮肤晒成棕色,老实说,他倒是一个“好手”:在法国波尔多,趁着商人们睡着的时候,他很喝到过几口酒。他顾不着什么好心眼儿;Ifthathefaught,andhaddethehyerhond,Bywaterhesentehemhoomtoeverylond.Butofhiscraft,toreke

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