人教版英语八年级下册 Unit 7 知识点梳理及语法讲练

八年级英语（下）Unit7知识点与语法精讲精练词汇梳理词汇梳理完成单词梳理：名词：1.平方；正方形2.米；公尺3.沙漠人口；人口数量5.亚洲6.旅行者；观光者墙8.成就；成绩9.条件；状况力；力量11.自然界；大自然12.大海；海洋出生；诞生14.竹子15.饲养员；保管人激动；兴奋17.疾病；病18.政府；内阁19.鲸20.油；食用油；石油21.保护；保卫动词：1.保护；防护2.包括；包含3.实现目标；成功4.达到；完成；成功5.重量是……;称……的重量形容词：1.深的；纵深的2.令人惊喜（或惊叹）的3.古代的4.宽的；宽阔的5.人造的6.西南的7.厚的；浓的8.极冷的；冰冻的9.濒危的10.醒着11.野生的12.巨大的；极多的兼类词：1.n.&v.旅行；旅游2.v.&n.挑战；考验3.adj.成年的；成人的n.成人；成年动物4.n.&v.研究；调查(二)词汇变形小结：1.deep(adj.深的；纵深的)—(n.深度)2.Asia(n.亚洲)—(adj.亚洲的；亚洲人的)3.tour(n.&v.旅行；旅游)—(n.旅行者；观光者)4.wide(adj.宽的；宽阔的)—(adv.广泛地)5.achievement(n.成就；成绩)—(v.实现)6.include(v.包括；包含)—(prep.包括)7.succeed(v.成功)—(n.成功)—(adj.成功的)—(adv.成功地)8.protect(v.保护；防护)—(n.保护)9.awake(adj.醒着)—(v.醒来)10.illness(n.疾病；病)—(adj.生病的；有病的)11.weigh(v.重量是……；称……的重量)—(n.重量)12.keeper(n.饲养员；保管人)—(v.饲养；保持)13.excitement(n.激动；兴奋)—(v.使激动；使兴奋)—(adj.激动的；兴奋的)—(adj.令人激动的；令人兴奋的)【练一练】用所给词的适当形式填空1.Mymomis1.67meterstalland________(weigh)65kilos.2.Theminutethesingerbegantosing,thefansshoutedwith________(excite).3.LiHuaspeaksEnglish________(well)thananyotherstudentinherclass.4.Thismountainisthreemeters________(high)thanthatone.5.Veralikesanimals.Sheworksasananimal________(keep)inGreenParkZoo.6.Hedidn’tcometoschoolbecauseofhis________(ill).7.Ifyoudon’t________(success),tryandtryagain.8.Mr.Beanisavery_________(success)comedy.9.Allofusjumpedupwith_________(excite)whenweheardthegoodnews.10.Thecinemais_______(freeze),soIneedtowearacoat.(三)短语攻关：(可以)随便(做某事) 就我所知吸入；吞入(体内) 冒着生命危险面对(问题、困难等)即使;虽然 出生时到达(某数量、程度)绊倒照顾大约死于砍倒；减少做研究处于危险中保护……免受……实现某人的梦想撞到某人（四）用法总结：比较级+thananyother+可数名词单数 比其他任何一个……都……What'sthepopulationof...? ……有多少人口？alot/much+比较级+than 比……得多as+形容词/副词原级+as 和……一样……oneofthe+形容词最高级+可数名词复数 最……的……之一succeedindoingsth. 成功做某事Therebe+名词(短语)+doingsth. 有某人或某物正在做某事protect...from... 保护……免于……spend...doingsth. 花费……做某事知识点梳理知识点梳理square用作形容词，表示“平方的”，用于数字后面表示面积。例：_________________________________________我们的新房子有95平方米大。用作名词，表示“平方；正方形”。还可表示“广场”：广场舞1,025metersdeep1025米深【归纳总结】表示长度单位的名词：milefootkilometer英里英尺千米decimetercentimetermeter分米厘米米【归纳】英语中长、宽、高、深的表达方式：基数词+单位词+形容词(long,wide,high,deep等)基数词+单位词+in+名词(length,width,height,depth等)Eg.Theriveris20meterswide.=Theriveris. 这条河宽20米。【练一练】Qomolangmais8,844.43meters_______.=Qomolangmais8,844.43metersin_______.(tall/high/height)2.TheYangtzeRiveris6,300kilometers_______.=TheYangtzeRiveris6,300kilometersin_______.(long/length)3.TheCaspianSeais1,025meters_______.=TheCaspianSeais1,025metersin_______.(depth/deep)4.Theboxis2.5meters_______.=Theboxis2.5metersin_______.(width/wide)3.Qomolangmaishigherthananyothermountainintheworld.珠穆朗玛峰比世界上其他任何山都高。“anyother+”任何其他的①anyother“其他任何一个”，后接可数名词单数；指在同一范围内除了某人或某物以外的其他任何人或物；通常用于比较级，多用于同一范围内相比较。◆ShanghaiisbiggerthananyothercityinChina.上海比中国的其他城市都大。②“anyother+可数名词单数”可与“theother+可数名词复数”互换，也可用最高级形式表达。◆Lucyismorecarefulthananyotherstudentinherclass.(anyother+可数名词单数）=Lucyisthemostcarefulinherclass.【练一练】1.Chinaismuch(old)thananyother(country)intheworld.2.Shanghaiis(large)thananyother(city)inChina.=Shanghaiis(large)cityinChina.3.—DoyouknowShanghaiisoneof

_______intheworld?

—Yes,it’sbiggerthan_______cityinChina.

A.thebiggestcity;anyB.thebiggestcities;anyC.thebiggestcities;anyotherD.bigger;anyother4.Bobjumpsfartherthan_______inhisclass.

A.anyotherboyB.theotherboyC.anyboyD.anotherboy5.—Mikeplaysthedrumssowonderfully！—Ofcourse.Heis________thananyotherstudentinhisclass.A.talentedB.moretalentedC.lesstalentedD.themosttalented4.Chinahasthebiggestpopulationintheworld.中国在世界上人口数量最多。populationn.（集合名词）“人口；人口数量”,在句中作主语时,谓语动词用（单数/复数）形式①基数词+percentofthepopulationare….百分之几的人口……,谓语动词用（单数/复数）形式②"thepopulationof...is+数词”，表示……的人口数量是多少，谓语动词用（单数/复数）形式③询问人口有多少时：“What’sthepopulationof……?”="Howlargeisthepopulationof...?"【注】对population进行提问时，不能用howmany或howmuch。④形容人口多用形容人口少用，而不能用many,much或few等。【即学即用】1.一________isthepopulationofChinanow,Jack?—Letmethinkforamoment;itisabout________.A.Howmany;1,400million B.What;1,400millionC.What;140million D.Howmany;140million2.—________isthepopulationofyourcity?—Aboutonemillion.WhatB.HowmuchC.HowmanyD.How3.—______isthepopulationofChina?—It'sover1.3billion.Anditis______thanthatoftheUS.A.What；more B.What；bigger C.How；more D.How；bigger4.—________thepopulationofTianshui？—It’sabout3.6million.A.HowmanyB.HowmuchC.WhatisD.Whichis5.—Whichcountryhasthe________populationintheworld?—China.It’salittle________thanthatofIndia.A．most;most B．biggest;biggerC．more;mostD．bigger;biggest5.AsfarasIknow,therearenootherman-madeobjectsasbigasthis.就我所知，再没有其他像它这样大的人工建筑物了。asfarasIknow为固定表达，相当于sofarasIknow。类似的表达有：as/sofarasIcansee”依我看”。Eg.AsfarasIknow,moreandmorestudentslikereadinginthelibrary.就我所知，越来越多的学生喜欢在图书馆里阅读。AsfarasIcansee,thereisnodifferencebetweenthetwocomputers.在我看来，这两台电脑没有差别。【即学即用】（潍坊中考）______Iknow,moreandmorepeopleintheworldarelearningChinese.A.Aswellas B.Asoftenas C.Assoonas D.Asfarasinclude及物动词，包括……在内，指整体中包含某部分内容。6.Evenmoreseriousdifficultiesinclude及物动词，包括……在内，指整体中包含某部分内容。includingincluding介词，包括，后跟名词或代词，常用逗号与前面的句子隔开。Eg.ManymiddleschoolstudentslikereadingHarryPotter,includingme.Everyonestoodup,meinclude.【练一练】1.ManycitiesinChina,______Beijing,havebeendeeplyaffectedbydirtierair.A．including B.behind C.withoutD.beyond2.Westudysevensubjectsatschool,__________(include)Chinese.7.Thespiritoftheseclimbersshowsusthatweshouldnevergiveuptryingtoachieveourdreams.这些登山者的精神向我们表明：我们决不应该放弃实现梦想的尝试。（1）放弃做某事，achieve的名词形式为，意为“成就；成绩”。（2）achieve与cometrue的区别：achieve动词，意为“达到；完成”，其主语一般是（人/物），即cometrue短语动词，意为“实现”，其主语一般是（人/物），即【练一练】1.IfweChineseworkhardtogether,ChinaDreamwill________.A．comeout B．cometrue C．achieve D．comein2.StephenHawkinghas________greatsuccessasascientist.A.allowedB.achievedC.practicedD.promised3.Don'tbeself-satisfiedbecauseofafew__________(achieve).8.awake与wake的区别：awake形容词，意为“醒着”，做表语或后置定语，强调状态动词，意为“唤起，醒悟到”wake动词，意为“弄醒；醒来”，常与副词up连用，强调动作Eg.It’slateatnight,butheisstillawake.夜深了，但他依然醒着。Nothingcanawakeherinterestinthistrip.没有什么能唤起她对这次旅行的兴趣。Pleasewakemeupatsixo’clocktomorrowmorning.请在明天早晨六点钟叫醒我。【练一练】1.—Isyourfather_______orasleep?—Heisasleep.Butwemust_______himup，orhe’llmissthemeeting.Aawake;wakeBawake;awakeCwake;wakeDwake;awake2.Peterwassosleepythathecouldhardlykeep_______.

A.sleepyB.asleep

C.quiet

D.awake9.fallover,falldown与falloff的区别：fallover意为“绊倒”，强调“向前摔倒；跌倒”falldown意为“倒下”，强调“滑倒；倒下”falloff意为“跌落”，强调“从某处跌落；从某处掉下来”【练一练】1.Theplayerransofastthathewhilerunning.A．fallsover B．fellover C．felloff D．fallsoff10.Another300orsoliveinzoosorresearchcentersinChinaandothercountries.还有大约300只生活在中国和其他国家的动物园或研究中心。（1）“another+基数词+名词”表示“另外的……，再……”，相当于“基数词+other/more+名词”例：Theystayedthereforanotherfivedays.=（2）orso意为“”，常位于数词或表示时间的名词之后。相当于about或around，但about或around常放在数词或表示时间的名词之前。eg.3yearsorso=about/around3years11.Thebabiesoftendiefromillnessesanddonotliveverylong.【易混辨析】diefrom与dieofdiefrom通常在外部原因（事故，自然灾害等）造成的死亡 dieof通常指人体自身原因（年老，忧伤，饥饿等）造成的死亡【注】表示死于疾病时，二者可以互换。Eg.Hediedfromoverwork.他因工作过度劳累而死。Thefamouswriterdiedof/fromcancerlastyear.那位著名的作家去年死于癌症。【练一练】1.—About13people_______anearthquakeinYibin,SichuanonJune17,2019.—I’msorrytohearthat.A.diedtoB.diedofC.diedfromD.diedfor2.—Manypeople_________thefloodinthesummerof2020.—Whatapity!A.diedtoB.diedfromC.diedofD.diedfor3.—It'ssaidthatonlyafewpetdogscanliveup______20yearsold.—That'strue.Mostofthemdie______illnessesbeforetheygetold.A.with；from B.to；for C.to；from D.with；for课堂小测一、单项选择1.The5Gtechnologycanhelpdoctorstreatpatientswhoarehundredsofkilometersaway.—It’sreally________.A.secretB.directC.amazingD.traditional2.______wealltriedourbest，wedidn'twinthegame.A.Assoonas B.Eventhough C.Because D.If3.Pleasefeelfree______questionsifyoudon'tunderstand.A.ask B.asking C.toask D.asked4.______Iknow，heisverygoodatdancing.A.Aslongas B.Asfaras C.Assoonas D.Aswellas5.Formostpeople，it'sdifficultto______aironthetopofhighmountainsover3，000metershigh.A.takeoff B.takein C.takeout D.takeup6.—______isababypandaatbirth?—About0.1to0.2kilos.A.Howheavy B.Howmuch C.Howbig D.Howtall7.Samisdoingsome______abouttheancientSilkRoad.A.exercise B.operations C.research D.experiments8.Katehastriedtolose______byeatingless,but2kiloshasbeenputoninstead.A.weightB.weightsC.heightD.heights9.Thebabyelephant’s______

isabout100kilos,butanadultelephantmay_____5,000kilos.

A.weight;weighB.weight;weightC.weigh;weighD.weigh;weight10.—Ifyouworkhard,youwill_______soonerorlater.

—Youareright.I’lltrymybesttowork.A.successB.succeedC.successfulD.successful二、用所给词的适当形式填空11.Chinaisan__________(Asia)country.12.Many_________(tour)cometoChinatovisittheGrestWalleveryyear.13.Whatan_________(amaze)placeitis!14.Hebecome___________(success)aftergraduatingfromtheuniversity.15.Thelittlebabyis__________(wake)now.16.Herantohismotherwith_________(excite).17.Hemakesagreat__________(achieve)inthescience.18.Englishisused__________(wide)intheworld.19.Whichis__________(high)mountainsintheworld?20.Chinaisalmostas__________(big)astheUS.语法精讲语法精讲形容词和副词的比较等级一、形容词和副词的比较级(-er)、最高级(-est)的构成类别规则示例单音节词和部分双音节词一般在词尾加-er或-estfast-faster-fastestshort-shorter-shortest以e结尾的词加-r或-stnice-nicer-nicestlate-later-latest以”辅元辅“结尾的，双写末尾辅音字母再加-er或-estbig-bigger-biggestthin-thinner-thinnest以”辅音字母+y“结尾的，变y为i再加-er或-esteasy-easier-easiestheavy-heavier-heaviest多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加more或mostbeautiful-morebeautiful-mostbeautiful二、不规则变化原级比较级最高级原级比较级最高级good/wellfarbad/badly/wellmany/mucholdlittle三、常考形容词和副词比较等级的用法：1.两者的同级比较：“as+形容词和副词的原级+as”（否定用“not+as/so+形容词或副词的原级+as”）eg.吉姆和汤姆一样高。__________________________________________________.2.两者的比较级句式：（1）“A+谓语动词+比较级+than+B”，表示其中一个比另一个更……eg.你比你弟弟胖。__________________________________________________.（2）“比较级+and+比较级”，意为“越来越……”,多音节词要用“moreandmore+原级”eg.这个城市变得越来越美了。Thecityisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.（3）“the+比较级...，the+比较级...”，意为“越……，就越……”eg.你吃得越多，就会越胖。Themoreyoueat,thefatteryouwillbe.3.三者及三者以上的最高级句式：（1）“the+最高级+in/of...”，其中in/of+范围eg.她是我们班里年龄最小的。___________________________________________.（2）“oneofthe+最高级+名词复数”，表示最……之一,做主语时谓语动词用单数形式。eg.上海是中国最美丽的城市之一。_________________________________________.【注意】（1）修饰形容词或副词的比较级可以用much、alot、alittle、even等，但不能用veryeg.这个故事比那个有趣得多。Thisstoryismuchmoreinterestingthanthatone.（2）在比较结构中，被比较的事物应是同等成分，常用that或those代替前面的名词eg.那个工厂的工人比我们工厂的工人少。Theworkersinthatfactoryarefewerthanthoseinourfactory.语法小测一、单项选择1.BeijingOperaisoneof________Chinesearts.TherolesofitmainlyincludeSheng,Dan,Jing,MoandChou.A．moreancient B．themoreancient C．mostancient D．themostancient2.Thisstreetismuch________thanthatone.A.wideB.widerC.widestD.thewidest3.________themountainis,________theairis.A.Thehighest;thethinnestB.Higher;thinnerC.Thehigher;thethinnerD.Thehigh;thethin4.—DoyouknowthatChinaisoneof________countriesintheworld?—Yes,Ido.It's________thanmycountry.A.oldest;oldB.theoldest;moreolderC.theoldest;mucholder