Unit4 Natural Disasters Discovering Useful Structures 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

NATURALDISASTERSDiscoveringUsefulStructuresidentifyrestrictiverelativeclausesandexplorethestructuresandthefunctionofrestrictiverelativeclausesLearningobjectivessumuptheusageofrelativepronounsuserestrictiverelativeclausestodescribepicturesofdisasters相关术语1.定语 2.定语从句3.先行词 4.关系词5.限制性定语从句 6.非限制性定语从句

1.定语：对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子；

翻译为“...的”。

acleverboytheboilingwater fallenleavesthemanwhoyouarelookingfor2.

定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句。DoyouknowthemanwhocametoseeMr.Litoday?定语VS定语从句3.先行词：被修饰的名词或代词；4.关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose,as关系副词：when,where,whyIlikeonlineshopping,which

isalsoawaytorelieveworkingstress.关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句；2，代替先行词；3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。先行词and关系词先行词关系词5.限制性定语从句（RestrictiveRelativeClauses)：

对先行词起到修饰、限制的作用，使该词的含义更具体，更明确。这类从句不能省掉，否则句子的意义就不完整。Heisateacherwhoworksatourschool.

6.非限制性定语从句：同主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作补充说明，不起限制的作用，若省去，主句的意思仍然清楚完整；书写时多用逗号与主句分开。Beijing,whichisthecapitalofChina,isabeautifulcity.限制性and非限制性定语从句比较

Hehastwosons,whoworkinthesamecompany.

(Hehasonlytwosons)Hehastwosonswhoworkinthesamecompany.

(Perhapshehasmoresons)限制性and非限制性定语从句Activity1：Findandunderlinetherestrictiverelativeclause.1.TheTangshanearthquakewasaterribleexperiencethatmygreat-grandmacannotforget.2.Thecouplewholivenexttousvolunteeredtohelpafterthevolcanoerupted.3.Thesupplieswhichwereprovidedtothedisasterareawerecollectedfromaroundthecountry.4.Mr.Liisanarchitectwhosedesignsforthenewtownhavewonpraise.5.AdoctorwithwhomJamesusedtoworkdiedinthe2016earthquakeinEcuador.Activity1：Findandunderlinetherestrictiverelativeclause.1.TheTangshanearthquakewasaterribleexperiencethatmygreat-grandmacannotforget.2.Thecouplewholivenexttousvolunteeredtohelpafterthevolcanoerupted.3.Thesupplieswhichwereprovidedtothedisasterareawerecollectedfromaroundthecountry.4.Mr.Liisanarchitectwhosedesignsforthenewtownhavewonpraise.5.AdoctorwithwhomJamesusedtoworkdiedinthe2016earthquakeinEcuador.Whatfunctiondotherestrictiverelativeclauseshave?Arestrictiverelativeclausegivesusdetailedinformation.Ittellsuswhichpersonorthingwearetalkingabout.Activity1：Findandunderlinetherestrictiverelativeclause.1.TheTangshanearthquakewasaterribleexperiencethatmygreat-grandmacannotforget.2.Thecouplewholivenexttousvolunteeredtohelpafterthevolcanoerupted.3.Thesupplieswhichwereprovidedtothedisasterareawerecollectedfromaroundthecountry.4.Mr.Liisanarchitectwhosedesignsforthenewtownhavewonpraise.5.AdoctorwithwhomJamesusedtoworkdiedinthe2016earthquakeinEcuador.Observethesentencesandfindtherelativepronouns.Activity1：Findandunderlinetherestrictiverelativeclause.1.TheTangshanearthquakewasaterribleexperiencethatmygreat-grandmacannotforget.2.Thecouplewholivenexttousvolunteeredtohelpafterthevolcanoerupted.3.Thesupplieswhichwereprovidedtothedisasterareawere...4.Mr.Liisanarchitectwhosedesignsforthenewtownhavewonpraise.5.AdoctorwithwhomJamesusedtoworkdiedinthe2016earthquakeinEcuador.Summarizetheusageofrelativepronouns.WHO/WHOM/THATforpeopleWHICH/THATforthingsWHOSEforpossessiveActivity2:Completeeachsentencewithsuitablerelativepronouns.ThentranslatethesentencesintoChinese.1.Herearesomeofthepeople______homesweredestroyedbythetyphoon.2.Theterribleshakingofthebuildingwokeupallthepeople______wereasleep.3.Thenextday,peopleputupsheltersintheopenairusinganything________theycouldfind.4.Severaldayslater,mostofthebuildings_________hadbeendamagedbythehurricanewererepaired.5.Theinjuredboy______motherwaslostinthedisasterwastakentothehospital.6.Thewomanwroteathank-youlettertothesoldierby______shewasrescued.7.Isthistheyoungboy________savedseveralotherstudentstrappedandbuildings?whosewhothat/不填that/whichwhosewhomwho/thatTips1.who，whom和whose引导的定语从句。(1)who和whom都指人。who在定语从句中作主语、宾语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。Ihavemanyfriends(who/whom)I’mgoingtosendpostcardsto.Somepeoplewhoaresuccessfullanguagelearnersoftenfailinotherfields.(2)whose指人的或物的，在定语从句中作定语，指物时可用ofwhich代替，指人时可用ofwhom代替。Myson，whoseworktakeshimallovertheworld，isinNewYorkatthemoment.Tips2.that和which引导的定语从句that代替的先行词可以是人也可以是物，但是which代替的先行词只能是物。使用这两个关系词要注意以下两点：(1)6种只用that引导定语从句的情况。①先行词是all，everything，anything，nothing，something，little，much，none，few，theone等不定代词时。②先行词被all，any，few，every，no，little，much，some等修饰时。③先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词或形容词最高级时。Tips④先行词被theonly，thevery(正是，恰是),thelast修饰时。⑤先行词既有人又有物时。⑥当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。(2)4种只用which引导定语从句的情况。①引导非限制性定语从句时。②先行词为物，关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时。③先行词本身是that时。④关系代词后有插入语时。3.as引导的定语从句as引导限制性定语从句主要用于thesame...as...，such...as...和so...as...结构中。as既可以指人也可以指物，在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语。Wehavefoundthesamematerialsasareusedintheirfactory.Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowpriceaspeopleexpected.4.引导非限制性定语从句时as与which的区别Tips关系词位置不同表意不同as既可放在主句前，也可放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中意为“正如……”，其后谓语动词多用see，know，expect，say，mention，report等which通常放在主句之后意为“这一点”或“这件事”等TipsAsanybodycansee,theelephantislikeasnake.Thenumberofsmokers,asisreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.

其它：asisknowntoall/asisoftenthecase/asismentionedabove,Shemarriedagain,whichwasunexpected.PracticeThebabywascrying.Thebabywasrescuedfromthebuilding.(who)Thebabythebabywasrescuedfromthebuildingwascrying.ORThebabythebabywho

wascryingwasrescuedfromthebuilding._____________whoUserestrictiverelativeclausestocombineeachpairofsentences.TheCCTVreporterisinterviewingawoman.Thewoman’sfamilysurvivedtheearthquake.(whose)TheCCTVreporterisinterviewingawomanwhosefamilysurvivedtheearthquake.PracticeUserestrictiverelativeclausestocombineeachpairofsentences.Therescueworkershadtowalkslowlythroughthebricks.Thebrickscoveredtheground.(that/which)Therescueworkershadtowalkslowlythroughthebricksthat/whichcoveredtheground.Myfamilywillalwaysbethankfulforthepeople.Wereceivedaidfromthepeople.(fromwhom)Myfamilywillalwaysbethankfulforthepeoplefromwhomwereceivedaid.Activity3Workwithapartner.Taketurnstoaskeachotheraboutthepictures.Makesentenceswithrestrictiverelativeclauseusingthat,which,who,whose,orwhom.Example.A:What'stherescueworkerdoing?B:Sheisfeedingthebabywhosurvivedtheearthquake.Activity3Workwithapartner.Taketurnstoaskeachotheraboutthepictures.Makesentenceswithrestrictiverelativeclauseusingthat,which,who,whose,orwhom.Example.A:Whatarethesoldiersdoing?B:____________________________________________________________________________________________Thesoldiersarefixingthetentsforthepeoplewhosecitywasdestroyedbytheearthquake.Activity3Workwithapartner.Taketurnstoaskeachotheraboutthepictures.Makesentenceswithrestrictiverelativeclauseusingthat,which,who,whose,orwhom.Example.A:Whatisthedog’sjob?Whyisthedogpartoftherescueteam?B:____________________________________________________________________________________________Thedog,whosejobistosearchpeoplewhoareburiedintheruins,hasanincrediblesenseofsmell.Practice1.TheChinesepaintingbrushismostlymadeofgoat,wolforfoxhair,________issuitableforproducingbrushesthatarebothsoftandstringy(有韧性).2.Moreover,themajorityaremainlythepost-80syouthand90syouth，_______don’twanttovisitcrowdedtouristsites.3.TaichichuanorChineseboxing,isanancientanddistinctiveChineseformofexercise__________ispopularthroughouttheworld.4.Shaanxi’sbiangbiangnoodleswereacomfortingandbelovedfoodamonglocals,for________thebackstoryandwrittencharacterwerecommonknowledge.5.Understanding,loveandtolerancearethefirstthreeessentials________cometoanauthenticfriendship.whichwhothat/whichwhomthat高考链接1.(2024·新课标I卷)TheGlasshousestandsasagreatachievementincontemporarydesign,tohousetheplantsofthesouthwesternpartofChinaattheendofapathretracing(追溯)thestepsalongtheSilkRoute__________broughttheplantsfromtheirnativehabitatinAsiatocometodefinemuchoftherichnessofgardeninginEngland.2.(2024·新课标II卷)Chineseculturalelementscommemorating(纪念)TangXianzu,_______isknownas“theShakespeareofAsia”,addaninternationalcharactertoStratford-upon-Avon,WilliamShakespeare’shometown.3.(2024·浙江卷)Ofcourse,shopsarenotcharities--theypricegoodsintheway_____willmakethemthemostmoney.that/whichwhothat高考链接4.(2024·全国甲卷)YellowstonewasthelargestUnitedStatesnationalpark--2.2millionacres--untilWrangell-SaintEliasinsouthernAlaska,________becameanationalmonumentin1978,tookthehonorsasanationalparkin1980with12.3millionacres.5.（2023全国乙卷）Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplace__________welcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21st-centuryarchitecturalwondersstandingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.6.（2023全国甲卷）Fableswerepartoftheoraltraditionofmanyearlycultures,andthewell-knownAesop’sfablesdatetothesixthcentury,B.C.Yet,theformofthefablestillhasvaluestoday,__________RachelCarsonsaysin“AFableforTomorrow.”whichthat/whichas高考链接8.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies

livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprove

thehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.9.(2022·全国甲卷)

Onthe1,100-kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,

losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesand

countiesinthreeprovinces.

10.(2022·浙江1月)

KimCobb,aprofessorattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyinAtlanta,is

oneofasmallbutgrowingminorityofacademics

arecuttingbackontheirairtravelbecauseofclimat