中考语法复习定语从句

学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载中考英语复习—定语从句，祈使句，感叹句用法★中考定语从句复习一）、知识回顾课前热身下列句子带有宾语从句还是定语从句Ididn’tunderstandthewordsthathesaid（）Idindn’tunderstandwhathesaid（）Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.（）Couldyoutellmewhetheryougoornot?（）★由以上题，你是怎么区别定语从句和状语从句的？二）知识概述学好定语从句要牢记理解它的几个要素：1）在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。2）定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。3）定语从句放在先行词后面，定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。4）引导定语从句的词叫关系词（关系代词that,which,who(宾格who,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when、why）5）关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中从当一个句子成分（主语，宾语表语定语状语）课堂练习1指出下列复合句子中的先行词，关系词，定语从句。1．Allmyclassmatesenjoyedthecakethat/whichImade.2．ShewastheteacherwhotaughtusEnglishLiterature.3．Thegirlwho/whom/thatyouhavejustseenisverygoodatEnglish.4．IsatnexttoagirlwhosenamewasDiana.5．It'saplacethat/whichhasbigdesksbutnonewspapersormagazines.[自我总结]1.关系代词that或which指代，在从句中作made的宾语。2．关系代词who指代theteacher，在从句中作。3．that，who，whom指人——thegirl，whom是形式，在从句中作see的宾语。4．关系代词whose指代thegirl's，作，修饰name。5．关系代词that或which指代place，在从句中作。三）要点精讲精练Ⅰ、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，（指代先行词），在从句中做主语TheboysareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanlosthisway.2.whom指人，（指代先行词）在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。Mr.Liuisthepersonyoutalkedabout.*关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。Themanyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物，（指代先行词）在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略Footballisagameislikedbymostboys.(在句子中做主语)Thisisthepenheboughtyesterday.(在句子中做宾语)4.that指人时，（指代先行词）相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。Thepeoplecometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)WhereisthemanIsawthismorning?(在句子中做宾语)5.whose通常指人，（指代先行词的….）也可指物，在定语从句中做定语Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.*whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookisyellow?※特别提示：(1)不用that的情况(a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。(错)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,Isveryfamoushere.(b)介词后不能用。Wedependonthelandfromwegetourfood.Wedependontheland/wegetourfoodfrom.(2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况(a)在therebe句型中，只用that，不用which。(b)在不定代词，如：anything,nothing,theone,all等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。(c)先行词有theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,just修饰时，只用that。(d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that,不能用which。.(e)先行词既有人，又有物时。(f)先行词指物，在主句中作表语时．(g)为了避免重复．(h)先行词是theway或thereason时，that可作关系副词，也可省略(i)主句的主语是疑问词who/which时【针对练习】:请指出下列that的使用符合上述哪一条原因？Isthisthebookthatyouborrowedinthelibrary?这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗？Whothatbreakthewindowshouldbepunished．谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚．Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.所需的只是供油问题。Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。Ⅱ、关系副词引导定语从句关系副词在句中作状语，关系副词=介词+关系代词why=forwhichwhere=in/at/on/...which(介词同先行词搭配来决定选用哪一个介词)when=during/on/in/...which(介词同先行词搭配来决定选用哪一个介词)1.where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语，指代表示地点的先行词(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.（where=inthecity=inwhich）(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown. 2.when指时间。在定语从句中做时间状语指代表示时间的先行词(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.[注]表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导。BythetimeyouarrivedinLondon,wehadstayedtherefortwoweeks.IstillrememberthefirsttimeImether.我仍然记得我第一次见到她。Eachtimehegoestobusinesstrip,hebringsalotoflivingnecessities,suchastowels,soap,toothbrushetc。3.why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语指代先行词reason(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.(2)Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.注：1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。2）that前不能有介词。3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when,where和why互换。针对练习：1.ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.=2.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?=3.Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.=课堂练习21.Didyoufindthenotebook______Jimhadgivenmeformybirthday?A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose2.That’sall______Ihaveseenandheard.

A.whichB.thatC.whereD.what3.Haveyouseentheman______planweweretalkingabout______yesterday?A.who,themB.its,themC.whose,/D.whose,them4.TheOscarisoneofthefilmprizes______offeredtoanyChineseactororactresssofar.A.whicharenotB.thathavenotbeenC.thathasnotD.thathasnotbeen5.Heneverreadsanything______isnotworthreading.A.thatB.asC.whoD.which6.Theman________coatisblackiswaitingatthegate.A.who'sB.whoseC.thatD.ofwhich7._________cleanstheclassroomcangohomefirst.A.AnyoneB.thosewhooC.HoweverD.Theonewho8.Thepolicecaughttheman_______stolemyhandbag.A.heB.thatC.whomD.which9.Thegirl________isreadingunderthetree________mysister.A.which,isB.whom,wasC.who,isD.who,was10.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishteacher_______lovedclimbing.A.whoB.whomC.heD.which11、Heisafriend______canhelpyouintimeofneed.A.whoheB.whoseC./D.who12、Themostimportantthing______weshouldpayattentiontoisthefirstthing______Ihavesaid.A.which,thatB.that,whichC.which,whichD.that,that13、Thisistheonlyoneofthesebooksthat______worthreading.A．hasB.haveC.isD.are14、Theman______talkedtoyoujustnowismyfather.A.whoB.heC.whichD.whose15、Theythoughttoomuchabout______.A.whichIhadsaidB.whatIhadsaidC.thatIhadsaidD.Ihadsaid四：课后作业：一、单项选择。1.---DoyouknowwhentheWorldCup________nextweek?---NextFriday.Whenit________,Iwillringyou.A.begins,beginsB.begins,willbeginC.willbegin,willbeginD.willbegin,begins2.---Todayortomorrow?---Whatareyoutalkingabout?---Wearetalkingabout_______togiveatalkonWTO.A.howB.whereC.whenD.what3.Iwonder_________.A.wheredoesheliveB.whereheliveC.heliveswhereD.wherehelives4.---Areyousureyouhaveto?It'sbeenverylate.---Idon'tknow_____Icandoitifnotnow.A.whereB.whyC.whenD.how5.---Wouldyoupleasetellme_________?---InasmallvillagenearNingbo.A.wherewasyourmotherbornB.whereyourmotherwasbornC.whenwasyourmotherbornD.whenyourmotherwasborn6.Thephotographwillshowyou________.A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike7.---Canyouguessifthey_______toplaybasketballwithus?---Ithinkthey'llcomeifthey_________free.A.willcome,willbeB.willcome,areC.come,areD.come,willbe8.---Wheredoeshecomefrom?---Pardon?---Iaskedwhere_________.A.didhecomefromB.hecamefromC.hecomesfromD.doeshecomefrom9.Shewondered__________.A.howmuchhecostthecomputerB.howmuchhepaidforthecomputerC.howmuchthecomputerwillcosthimD.howmuchdidhespendonthecomputer10.---Doyouknow________?---I'mnotsure.Maybeheisabusinessman.A.whoheisB.whoisheC.whathedoesD.whatdoeshedo★感叹句点拨感叹句一般是用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用"what"和"how"引导，"what"和"how"与所修饰的词置于句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。一、由"what"引导的感叹句："what"意为"多么"用作定语，修饰名词（被强调部分），单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。这类句子的结构形式是：what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语(前面那个名词对应的代词)+谓语（be）.如：①Whataclevergirlsheis!多么聪明的姑娘呀！②Whatitis!多么有趣的故事呀！③Whattheyare!他们是多么好的孩子呀！④Whatbeautifulflowers!多么漂亮的花呀！⑤Whatdeliciousfood!多么有味的食物呀！⑥!多么大的雪呀！二、由"how"引导的感叹句："how"意为"多么"，用作状语，修饰形容词或副词（被强调部分）。如果修饰形容词，则句中的谓语动词用系动词；如果how修饰副词，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词，这类句子的结构形式是：How+adj.（adv.）+主语+谓语+(itis).如：①Howcolditistoday!今天多么冷呀！②How!多么漂亮的图画呀！③Howthey!他们显得多么高兴呀！④Howshe!她唱得多好呀！⑤Howhardtheyareworkingnow!他们干得多么起劲呀！三、在表示同一意义时，英语感叹既可用"what"引导，也可用"how"引导。如：①多么热的天气呀！Whatahotdayitis!Howthedayis!②多么高的楼房呀！Whattallbuildingstheyare!How!③多么糟糕的天气呀！Whatitis!How!！④多么明亮的阳光呀！Whatitis!Howbrightthesunshineis!四、感叹句在表示激动强烈的感情时，口语中常常采用省略句，其后面的主语和谓语往往略去不讲。如：①Whatafineday!多么晴朗的天呀！②Whatanhonestboy!多么诚实的孩子呀！③Whatredapples!多么红的苹果呀！④Howcool!好凉快呀！⑤Howwonderful!精彩极了！作业：中考真题1)--________beautifuldayitis!Let'sgoandhaveapicnicinthepark.--Goodidea!A.HowB.HowaC.WhatD.Whata2)-Katehaswonthefirstprizeinthesingingcompetition.--______pleasantsurprisethisgaveherclassmates!A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.Howa3)_______greatmanHuangFurongis!HelosthislifewhilesavingthestudentsintheYushuearthquake.A.HowB.HowaC.WhatD.Whata4)_______excitingsportitistoclimbthemountains!A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Whatan5)--__________beautifulcity!--Yes.Lotsoftouristscometovisititeveryyear.A.HowB.WhatC.HowaD.Whata6)____goodjobshedoes!Sheisreallyaclevergirl.A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.Howa7)--________interestingtalkMr.Blackgaveus!--Yes.Wealllikeitverymuch.A.HowB.WhataC.