11 历史人物（含答案解析）-2025年中考英语新热点时文阅读

2025年中考英语新热点时文阅读-历史人物题型主要内容1阅读理解介绍了“破釜沉舟”的故事。2阅读理解介绍了数学家祖冲之。3阅读理解介绍了岳飞精忠报国的故事。4阅读理解讲述了中国历史上著名的医生李时珍以及他写的《本草纲目》。5完形填空讲述了班超带兵出使鄯善国，在鄯善国智取匈奴国并得到了鄯善国国王的钦佩，成功与鄯善国签订了条约。6短文填空讲述了“三尺巷”的典故。7短文填空“退避三舍”的来历和含义。8短文填空了齐国派遣晏子去楚国求援的故事。9短文填空介绍古代中国的数学家祖冲之。10选词填空介绍了汪伦对李白的崇敬之情以及他们的友谊。01（24-25九年级上·重庆沙坪坝·开学考试）AttheendoftheWarringStatesPeriod(战国时期),YingZhengunifiedsixstatesandstartedtheQinDynasty.Butsoon,afterhissonHuhaibecamethenewemperor,thesixstateswantedtoriseagain.TheywereoftenatwarwithQin.Oneday,Zhaocouldn’twinagainstQin’sarmyandaskedforhelpfromChu.TherulerofChuagreedtosendanarmy.SongYiwastheleaderofthearmyandXiangYuwashisdeputy(副官).WhenthisarmyreachedatownbytheZhangheRiver,Songdecidedtostaythereforawhile.Thesoldiershadtowaitforhisorderswhilecoldandhungry.ButSonghimselfenjoyednicefoodandinterestingperformances.Aboutamonthlater,XiangfinallylosthispatienceandkilledSong.Whenhebecamethenewleaderofthearmy,XiangsentagroupofsoldierstocrosstheZhangheRiverfirsttohelpZhao.Xiangthenorderedtherestofhissoldiers,“Breakallthepotsandsinkalltheboats.Eitheryourenemiesdie,oryoudie!”Therewasnowayofturningback.WhenthesoldiersmetQin’sarmy,theyshoutedloudlyandfoughtverybravely.Intheend,Xiang’sarmywonthewar.1．WhounifiedsixstatesattheendoftheWarringStatesPeriod?A．Huhai. B．XiangYu. C．YingZheng. D．SongYi.2．WhatdidChudoafterZhaoaskedforhelp?A．Chukeptsilentanddidn’treplytoZhao. B．ChuagreedtosendanarmytohelpZhao.C．ChuhelpedQintofightagainstZhao. D．ChukilledtheleaderofQin.3．WhydidXiangYukillSongYi?A．Becausetheyareenemiesfromdifferentarmies.B．BecauseSongYienjoyedhimselfwhilehissoldierswerehungryandcold.C．BecauseChu’semperororderedXiangYutodoso.D．BecauseXiangdidn’twanttocrosstheriver.4．WhatfamousChineseidiomisfromthisstory?A．三顾茅庐 B．草木皆兵 C．完璧归赵 D．破釜沉舟【答案】1．C2．B3．B4．D【导语】本文介绍了“破釜沉舟”的故事。1．细节理解题。根据“AttheendoftheWarringStatesPeriod(战国时期),YingZhengunifiedsixstatesandstartedtheQinDynasty”可知战国末期，嬴政统一六国，建立秦朝。故选C。2．细节理解题。根据“TherulerofChuagreedtosendanarmy.”可知楚王同意派兵。故选B。3．细节理解题。根据“Thesoldiershadtowaitforhisorderswhilecoldandhungry.ButSonghimselfenjoyednicefoodandinterestingperformances.Aboutamonthlater,XiangfinallylosthispatienceandkilledSong.”可知士兵又冷又饿，但是宋义享受美食和表演，所以项羽失去了耐心，杀死了他。故选B。4．推理判断题。根据“Breakallthepotsandsinkalltheboats.Eitheryourenemiesdie,oryoudie”可知打碎所有的锅，击沉所有的船，并结合文章内容可知，这是“破釜沉舟”的故事。故选D。02（23-24九年级上·福建莆田·期中）ZuChongzhiwasoneofthegreatestmathematiciansinancientChina.HewasbornduringtheNorthernandSoutherndynasties.Hisfamilywereverytalented.Theyhadbeenstudyingmathematicsandastronomy(天文学)forgenerations.Fromayoungage.Zuwastaughtnaturalscience,astronomy,math.philosophy(哲学)andsoon.Thelittleboywasinterestedinallofthesesubjects,especiallyinmath.Zuwasbestknownforhiscalculationofpi.Accordingtohistoricalrecords,hedidalltheworkusingonlywoodensticks.Ittookhimlotsoftimetoworkoutthevalue—between3,1415926and3,1415927.Nooneatthattimewasabletocalculateitmoreaccurately(准确地)thanZu.Theachievementhasbeenrecognizedaroundtheworld.InordertorememberZu,somemathematicianshavesuggestedcallingpi“ZuLv(祖率)”.Zuwasalsoknownforworkingouthowtocalculatethevolume(体积)ofasphere(球).HedidthiswiththehelpofhissonZuGengzhi.ThetworecordedtheirachievementinZhuiShu.ThebookwasusedduringtheTangdynasty.ButZuwassuccessfulnotonlyinmath;hedidagoodjobinastronomy,too.Heworkedoutthatayearshouldbe365.24281481dayslongandcreatedtheDamingCalendar.However,governmentofficialsatthattimedidnotagreewithZu.Thegreatmathematicianneversawhiscalendarputintouseafterhisdeath,ZuGengzhikeptonprovingthattheDamingCalendarwasmoreaccurate.Almosttenyearslater,thenewcalendarwasfinallyaccepted.Zuwasalsoaninventor.Heoncemadeavehiclethatcarriedapointer.Howeverthevehicleturned,thepointeralwayspointedtotheSouth.Zualsoinventedthe1,000-liBoat.Theboatcouldtravel100li(about60kilometers)inaday.1．What’sthebeststructureforthetext?A． B． C． D．2．WhichquestioncangettheanswerfromthebookZhuiShu?A．Howtodocalculationsusingwoodensticks?B．Howtoworkouttheaccuratevalueofpi?C．Howtocalculatethevolumeofasphere?D．Howtoprovethatayearis365,24281481dayslong?3．TheDamingCalendarwasnotimmediatelyputintousebecause________.A．governmentofficialsrefusedtousethecalendarB．ZuGengzhiprovedthatthecalendarwasinaccurateC．thecalendarwashardforthegeneralpublictoacceptD．ZuChongzhilaterdiscoveredmistakesinthecalendar4．WhichpicturemostprobablyshowsZuChongzhi’sinvention?A． B． C． D．5．Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A．AgreatdynastyinancientChina B．TheachievementsinancientChinaC．AstoryaboutZuChengzhiandhisson D．ZuChongzhi’sgreatachievements【答案】1．D2．C3．A4．B5．D【导语】本文主要介绍了数学家祖冲之。1．篇章结构题。第一段总体概述介绍的对象；第二，三，四段介绍祖冲之的的成就。故是总分的结构。故选D。2．细节理解题。根据“Zuwasalsoknownforworkingouthowtocalculatethevolume(体积)ofasphere(球).HedidthiswiththehelpofhissonZuGengzhi.ThetworecordedtheirachievementinZhuiShu.”可知ZhuiShu这本书记载的是如何计算球的体积，故选C。3．细节理解题。根据“However,governmentofficialsatthattimedidnotagreewithZu.Thegreatmathematicianneversawhiscalendarputintouseafterhisdeath,”可知，没有投入使用是因为政府官员不同意。故选A。4．细节理解题。根据“Zualsoinventedthe1,000-liBoat.Theboatcouldtravel100li(about60kilometers)inaday.”可知，祖还发明了千里船。这艘船一天可以行驶100里（约60公里），结合图片可知是B。5．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍祖冲之的伟大成就。故选D。03（23-24九年级上·内蒙古呼和浩特·期中）YueFeiisoneofChina’sfamousheroes.WhenNorthernSongwasinvaded(入侵),Yuehadtomakeadifficultchoice:hewantedtoprotecthiscountry,buthealsowantedtotakecareofhismother.Toencouragehim,hismotherwrotefourChinesecharacters(汉字)onhisback:jingzhongbaoguo.ThenYueFeiwentofftowar.In1127,theJinDynasty(朝代)invadedKaifeng,thecapitalofNorthernSong.TheSouthernSongDynastywasfoundedthen.AndYueFeiledhisarmytofightagainstJin’ssoldiers.ThereweremanysoldiersfollowingYueFei.Ifthesematesfellill,Yuewouldbringmedicinetothemintime.Iftheydiedinwar,Yuewouldhelptheirfamilies.Whenreceivingawards(奖赏)fromtheemperor(皇帝),Yuealwayssharedthoseawardswiththem.However,agroupofofficialsheadedbyQinHuitoldtheemperorthatYueFeimightbecometoopowerfulanddosomethingbadtothecountry.SoYueFeihadtoreturntothecapitalandallhisrightsweretakenaway.Oneyearlater,hewasputtodeathwhenhewas39yearsold.1．WhywasitdifficultforYueFeitomakeachoice?A．Becauseheworriedthathewoulddieinthewars.B．Becausehewonderedwhetherhewoulddieinthewars.C．Becausehedidn’tknowwhetherhecouldbeattheenemies.D．Becausehewantedtotakecareofbothhiscountryandhismother.2．Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A．YueFeicareddeeplyforhismates. B．YueFeialsotreatedwoundedpatientsC．YueFeilookedafterallhissoldiers’families. D．YueFeialwaysacceptedgiftsfromhismates.3．Whatisthecorrectorderaccordingtothepassage?a.Kaifengwasinvaded.

b.YueFeidecidedtogoofftowarc.YueFeiwasputtodeath

d.ThesouthernSongDynastywasfoundedA．b-a-d-c B．a-b-d-c C．d-b-a-c D．c-a-d-b4．WhichofthefollowingmaybewrittenbyYueFei?A．国破山河在，城春草木深 B．人生自古谁无死，留取丹心照汗青C．但使龙城飞将在，不教胡马度阴山 D．三十功名尘与土，八千里路云和月5．Thispassageiswrittento________A．carryforwardthespiritoflovingourcountry.B．introducethehistoryofSouthernSongDynasty.C．showthedevelopmentofNorthernSongDynasty.D．tellthewaysofbecomingstrongerforacountry.【答案】1．D2．A3．A4．D5．A【导语】本文介绍了岳飞精忠报国的故事。1．细节理解题。根据“WhenNorthernSongwasinvaded(入侵),Yuehadtomakeadifficultchoice:hewantedtoprotecthiscountry,buthealsowantedtotakecareofhismother.”可知，当北宋被入侵时，岳飞很难做出选择，因为他想要保护他的国家，也想照顾他的母亲。故选D。2．推理判断题。根据“ThereweremanysoldiersfollowingYueFei.Ifthesematesfellill,Yuewouldbringmedicinetothemintime.Iftheydiedinwar,Yuewouldhelptheirfamilies.Whenreceivingawards(奖赏)fromtheemperor(皇帝),Yuealwayssharedthoseawardswiththem.”可知，岳飞及时给生病的士兵送药，他会帮助战死沙场的士兵的家人，与他们分享皇帝的奖赏，因此推断岳飞很关心他的士兵。故选A。3．细节理解题。根据“ThenYueFeiwentofftowar.”可知，岳飞决定出征；根据“In1127,theJinDynasty(朝代)invadedKaifeng,thecapitalofNorthernSong.TheSouthernSongDynastywasfoundedthen.”可知，后来开封被入侵，然后南宋被建立；根据“Oneyearlater,hewasputtodeathwhenhewas39yearsold.”可知，最后，岳飞被处死。因此正确的顺序为：b-a-d-c，故选A。4．推理判断题。根据常识，D项的“三十功名尘与土，八千里路云和月”，出自岳飞的《满江红》，故选D。5．推理判断题。根据“Toencouragehim,hismotherwrotefourChinesecharacters(汉字)onhisback:jingzhongbaoguo.ThenYueFeiwentofftowar.”可知，本文讲述了岳飞精忠报国的故事，因此本文是为了弘扬爱国精神。故选A。04（2024·西藏·中考真题）LiShizhen(1518—1593),wasafamousChinesemedicalscientist,pharmacist(药学家)andnaturalist(博物学家)oftheMingDynasty.LiShizhen’sgrandfatherwasamedicalpractitioner(从业人员)whotravelledthecountryside,andhisfather,LiYanwen,wasalsoafamouslocaldoctor.Grownupinamedicalfamilylikethis,hewasreallyfondofmedicinesincehewasakid.However,hisfatherwantedhimtostudyfortheimperialexaminations(科举考试)anddidnotencouragehimtopractisemedicineduetothelowsocialstatus(地位)atthetime.However,LiShizhendidn’tgiveupstudyingmedicine.WhenLiShizhenwasyoung,heenjoyedtraditionalChinesemedicineandbegantoreadmedicalbooks.Hefoundmanymistakesinthosebooks.Heworriedthesemistakeswouldcauseseriousproblemsordeath.SoLiShizhendecidedtowriteanewbook.Hetravelledeverywheretolookforherbs(药草)anddoresearch.Andhetalkedwithfarmers,doctorsandpatients.Heeventestedherbsonhimselfandalmostlosthislifemanytimes.LiShizhencollectedandrecordedover1,890herbs.Healsoreadabout900medicalbooks.Heworkeddayandnight.Finallythevaluablework,CompendiumofMateriaMedicaorBencaoGangmu,cameout.TodayMateriaMedicahasbeentranslatedintomanyforeignlanguages.ItiswidelyreadnotonlyinChinabutalsoinmanyothercountriesaroundtheworld.1．Fromthepassage,LiShizhenisa(an)_________.A．artist B．doctor C．traveller D．farmer2．WhichisLiShizhen’sfamouswork?A．《茶经》 B．《千金方》 C．《本草纲目》 D．《伤寒杂病论》3．WhydidLiShizhenwriteCompendiumofMateriaMedica?A．Hewantedtobefamous. B．Hewantedtobeagreatwriter.C．Hewantedtosavemorepeople. D．Hewantedtomakeenoughmoney.4．WhichisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．LiShizhendidn’tlikeherbs.B．LiShizhen’sgrandfatherwasafarmer.C．LiShizhen’sfatherencouragedhimtobeadoctor.D．LiShizhenfoundmanymistakesinthemedicalbooks.5．Whichisthebesttitle(标题)forthepassage?A．AStoryofTheHerbsB．LiShizhenandHisFamilyC．AMedicalScientistofTheSongDynastyD．LiShizhenandCompendiumofMateriaMedica【答案】1．B2．C3．C4．D5．D【导语】本文讲述了中国历史上著名的医生李时珍以及他写的《本草纲目》。1．细节理解题。根据“LiShizhen(1518-1593),wasafamousChinesemedicalscientist,pharmacist(药学家)andnaturalist(博物学家)oftheMingDynasty.…LiYanwen,wasalsoafamouslocaldoctor”可知，他是一名医生，故选B。2．细节理解题。根据“TodayMateriaMedicahasbeentranslatedintomanyforeignlanguages.ItiswidelyreadnotonlyinChinabutalsoinmanyothercountriesaroundtheworld”可知，《本草纲目》是一部著名的作品，故选C。3．细节理解题。根据“Heworriedthesemistakeswouldcauseseriousproblemsordeath.SoLiShizhendecidedtowriteanewbook.”可知，他担心这些错误会导致严重的问题甚至死亡。所以李时珍决定写一本新书，也就是写这本书是为了救更多的人，故选C。4．细节理解题。根据“WhenLiShizhenwasyoung,heenjoyedtraditionalChinesemedicineandbegantoreadmedicalbooks.Hefoundmanymistakesinthosebooks”可知，他在医学书籍上发现了许多错误，故选D。5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了中国历史上著名的医生李时珍以及他写的《本草纲目》，故选D。05（23-24九年级上·山东潍坊·期中）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。DuringtheHandynasty,therewasageneral(将军)namedBanChao.Oneday,hewassenttovisitShanshanstate(鄯善国)-nearmodernXinjianginthewest.The1ofBan’stripwastoestablish(建立)goodrelationswiththestate.Hebroughtonlyabout30soldierswithhim.TheShanshankingmetthemkindlyandtreatedthemwell.AtthattimetherewasanationcalledXiongnuorHuninthenorth.Itoftenfought2Han’sarmy.Afewdayslater,Xiongnualsosentmessengers(使者)withlotsofsoldierstothestate.Theyspoke3ofBantothekingofShanshan.Thekingbegantoshowacoldattitude(态度)towardsBan’sgroup.WhenBansawthis,hesaidtohissoldiers,“TheShanshankingis4treatingusinafriendlywayanylonger.Ifwedon’tdoanything,hemay5usovertotheHuns.Ifso,wewillneitherbeabletocompleteourtask6returnalive.”Thegeneralsaid,“TheHunshave7soldiersthanwedoandtheShanshankingmustsupportthem.Sowehavenochoicebut8allofthesoldiersattheHunsarmycampwhentheyslept.”Atnight,Banledhissoldiers9totheHuns’camp.There,hesetfireandbeatthewardrumsloudly.TheHunsoldierswerevery10.Afterafiercebattle(激战),Ban’sarmykilledmorethan100enemies.Thekingadmired(钦佩)Ban’sbraveryandfearedBanatthesametime.Heimmediatelysignedapeacetreaty(条约)withBan.1．A．experience B．purpose C．trouble D．method2．A．for B．with C．behind D．against3．A．highly B．warmly C．badly D．coldly4．A．often B．always C．never D．hardly5．A．hand B．take C．get D．pass6．A．nor B．or C．but D．and7．A．less B．more C．fewer D．weaker8．A．kill B．save C．tosave D．tokill9．A．quickly B．secretly C．slowly D．happily10．A．relaxed B．excited C．frightened D．interested【答案】1．B2．D3．C4．C5．A6．A7．B8．D9．B10．C【导语】本文讲述了班超带兵出使鄯善国，在鄯善国智取匈奴国并得到了鄯善国国王的钦佩，成功与鄯善国签订了条约。1．句意：班超此行的目的是与此国家建立良好关系。experience经验；purpose目的；trouble麻烦；method方法。根据“toestablish(建立)goodrelationswiththestate.”可知，目的是建立良好关系。故选B。2．句意：它经常与汉的军队作战。for为了；with和；behind在……后面；against与……作对。fightagainst“作战”，固定搭配。故选D。3．句意：他们对鄯善国国王说班的坏话。highly赞赏地；warmly热情地；badly糟糕地；coldly冷漠地。根据“Thekingbegantoshowacoldattitude(态度)towardsBan’sgroup.”可知，他们对鄯善国国王说班的坏话。故选C。4．句意：当班看到这一幕时，他对士兵们说：“鄯善国王再也不友好地对待我们了。”often经常；always总是；never从不；hardly几乎不。根据“Thekingbegantoshowacoldattitude(态度)towardsBan’sgroup.”可知，应表达鄯善国国王再也不友好地对待我们了。故选C。5．句意：如果我们什么都不做，他可能会把我们交给匈奴。hand交；take拿走；get得到；pass通过。hand...over...“把……交给……”，固定搭配。故选A。6．句意：如果这样，我们既不能完成任务也不能活着回来。nor也不；or或者；but但是；and和。neither...nor...“既不……也不……”，固定搭配。故选A。7．句意：将军说：“匈奴人的兵力比我们多鄯善王一定会支持他们。”less更少的；more更多的；fewer更少的；weaker更弱的。根据“Hebroughtonlyabout30soldierswithhim.”及“Xiongnualsosentmessengers(使者)withlotsofsoldierstothestate.”可知，匈奴的士兵比我们多。故选B。8．句意：所以我们别无选择只能在匈奴军营的所有士兵睡觉时杀死他们。kill杀；save救；tosave救，不定式；tokill杀，不定式。根据“theShanshankingmustsupportthem”可知，是必须要杀死匈奴，havenochoicebuttodosth“别无选择只能做某事”，用不定式形式。故选D。9．句意：晚上，班带领他的士兵秘密前往匈奴的营地。quickly快速地；secretly秘密地；slowly缓慢地；happily幸福地。根据“SowehavenochoicebuttokillallofthesoldiersattheHunsarmycampwhentheyslept.”可知，是秘密地前往匈奴的营地。故选B。10．句意：匈奴士兵非常害怕。relaxed放松的；excited兴奋的；frightened害怕的；interested感兴趣的。根据“hesetfireandbeatthewardrumsloudly.”可知，匈奴士兵非常害怕。故选C。06（2024·浙江温州·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的适当形式。Narrowlanesabouttwometreswide,orsixchiintraditionalChineseunits,areverycommoninChina.However,AnhuiProvince,isperhaps1(famous)oneofall.Thestoryaboutithappenedbetweentwolocal2(family)intheQingDynasty.TheZhangsandtheWus,oncearguedhowthey3(divide)thelinebetweentheirhomes.Theycouldn’treachanagreement.TheZhangfamilywasangry.TheirrelativeZhangYinghadahighgovernmentpositioninthecapital,4theywrotehimalettertoaskforhisadvice.Whenthereplycame,theyopeneditonlytofind5poem.AletterfromfarawayjustforawallIsnotrightorgoodatall.Threechitoyourneighbour6agift.Isnothingastimecontinuestodrift.7wiseZhangYingwas!After8(read)it,theZhangfamilyfeltashamed(羞愧)and9(move)bythisactdeeply.Inreturn,theydecidedtodothesamething.Theygaveupanotherthreechi.Socamethesix-chi-widelanebetweenthetwohouses.Hundredsofyears10(pass)sincethenandthelaneisstillthere.PeopleofTongchengstillkeepthepoeminmind.Whenevertheywalkdownthelane,theyalwaysrememberhowone’skindnessencouragesthekindnessofanother.【答案】1．themostfamous2．families3．woulddivide4．so5．a6．as7．How8．reading9．wasmoved10．havepassed【导语】本文讲述了“三尺巷”的典故。1．句意：然而，然而，安徽省可能是其中最著名的一个。根据“oneofall”可知此处需用最高级。the+形容词最高级，故填themostfamous。2．句意：这个故事发生在清朝的两个当地家庭之间。two修饰名词复数。故填families。3．句意：张家和吴家曾经争论过将如何划分他们家之间的界线。根据“oncearguedhowthey…theline”可知是指争论过将如何划分他们家之间的界线，需用过去将来时would+动词原形，故填woulddivide。4．句意：他们的亲戚张英在京城有一个高官职位，所以他们写信给他寻求建议。空格前后表示因果关系，属于前因后果，用so“因此”连接，故填so。5．句意：当回信到来时，他们打开信只发现了一首诗。此处表示泛指，poem是以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a。故填a。6．句意：给邻居三尺作为礼物。根据“Threechitoyourneighbour....agift”可知，此处表示作为礼物，应用介词as表示“作为”。故填as。7．句意：张英多么聪明啊！本句是感叹句，句中的中心词是形容词wise，用how修饰，句首单词首字母大写。故填How。8．句意：读完信后，张家感到羞愧并被这个行为深深地感动了。after后接动名词reading作宾语。故填reading。9．句意：读完信后，张家感到羞愧并被这个行为深深地感动了。结合“by”可知此处需用被动语态，时态是一般过去时，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是“theZhangfamily”看作整体，结构为was+动词过去分词形式。故填wasmoved。10．句意：从那以后几百年过去了，小巷仍然在那里。结合“sincethen”可知时态应用现在完成时，主语是Hundredsofyears，结构需用have+动词过去分词形式。故填havepassed。07（23-24九年级上·内蒙古呼和浩特·期中）Howlongorfarissansheintheidiom“tuibisanshe(退避三舍)”?Inancienttimes,shewasaunitofdistance.Onesheisasfaras30li.Oneliis500metersand30liis15,000meters.Sosansheis45k1.Thereisastorybehindthisidiom.DuringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod(770-476BC),PrinceChong’eroftheJinstateranawayf2hishomestate.Hewantedtotraveltootherstates.Once,hewenttothestateofChu.KingChengwangofChusawhima3animportantguestandservedhimafeast(盛宴).HeaskedChong’er,“IfyourulethestateofJinoneday,howwouldyouthankme?”“Itseemsyourstatehase4youwant.Ihavenothingthatyoulike,”Chong’ersaid.However,thekingstillaskedforsomething.Finally,Chong’ersaid,“Iwouldaskmyarmytoretreat(撤退)sansheifweeverfight.”Later,Chong’erreturnedtohishomestateofJinandbecamei5rulercalledWengong.Bothofthetwostateswantedtobecomestrongerandgetm6land.Theywenttowarwitheachother.JinWengongdidn’tbreakh7promise.HeaskedhisarmytoretreatsansheandstayinChengpu.TheChuarmyt8thattheJinsoldierswereafraidtofight,sotheyfollowedthem.T9theirsurprise,theJinarmysurrounded(包围)them.Intheend,Jinw10thewar.ThiswasthefamousBattleofChengpu.Afterthiswar,peopleused“tuibisanshe”tomeanretreatingtoavoidaconflict(冲突).【答案】1．(k)ilometers2．(f)rom3．(a)s4．(e)verything5．(i)ts6．(m)ore7．(h)is8．(t)hought9．(T)o10．(w)on【导语】本文详细描述了成语“退避三舍”的来历和含义。1．句意：因此三舍是45千米。根据“Sosansheis45”可知是指45千米。kilometers“千米”，用复数。故填(k)ilometers。2．句意：在春秋时期（公元前770年—公元前476年），晋国的公子重耳逃离了他的故国。ranawayfrom“逃离”，故填(f)rom。3．句意：楚成王视他为重要宾客，并设宴款待他。根据“animportantguest”可知是指视他为重要宾客，as“作为”，故填(a)s。4．句意：看来你的国家拥有你想要的一切。根据“Itseemsyourstatehas…youwant.”可知是指拥有你想要的一切。everything“一切”，故填(e)verything。5．句意：后来，重耳回到他的故国晋国，并成为了晋国的国君，史称晋文公。根据“became…rulercalledWengong”可知是指成为了它的国君，its“它的”，故填(i)ts。6．句意：这两个国家都想要变得更强大，获取更多的土地。根据“wantedtobecomestrongerandget…land.”可知是指获取更多的土地。more“更多”，故填(m)ore。7．句意：晋文公没有食言。根据“JinWengongdidn’tbreak…promise.”可知是指没有打破他的承诺，his“他的”，故填(h)is。8．句意：楚军认为晋兵不敢战，于是跟随他们。根据“TheChuarmy…thattheJinsoldierswereafraidtofight”可知是指认为晋兵不敢战，时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式thought“认为”，故填(t)hought。9．句意：令他们惊讶的是，晋军将他们包围了。toone’ssurprise“令某人吃惊的是”，故填(T)o。10．句意：最后，晋赢了战争。根据“theJinarmysurrounded(包围)them”可知是指晋赢了战争。时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式won“赢”，故填(w)on。08（23-24九年级上·江苏泰州·期中）综合填空根据短文内容，在横线上填上适当单词，使短文完整、通顺。Manyyearsago,thereweremanystatesinChina.TheStateofQiusedtobeverystrong,butitbecamelesspowerful.SothekingofQisentYanZi,1manwithbigwisdom,toaskChutosupporteachother.ThekingofChuknewYanZiwasveryshort.HetriedtomakeYanZifeelshyabouthis2(high).WhenYanZiarrived,theguardtoldhimtoenter3thesmallgate.YanZididn’tgetangry.“Onlyastateofdogswillgreet4(visit)withagatefordogs.I’mvisitingtheStateofChu.Thisgateisn’tforme.”YanZisaid.Sotheguardhadtotakehimthroughthemaingate.YanZi’saction5(consider)tobeagainstthekingofChu.Sothekingtriedanotherway.“WhydidQisendYOU?Don’ttheyhaveanyone6(good)?”“IfQimeetsagreatking,it’llsendthebestambassador(使臣).I’mtheworst.That’swhyI’mhere.”YanZi7(reply)calmly.Atthistime,theguardsbroughtathief(小偷)totheking.ThethiefisfromQi,“Ha!YanZi,isQiastateofthieves?”askedtheking8(rude).YanZianswered,“TheorangetreessouthofHuaiRiverproducebiganddeliciousfruit,9theorangetreesnorthofHuaiRiverproducesmallandsourfruit.Theenvironmentmakesthefruitgrowdifferently.InQi,peoplearegoodandhonest,buthere,theysteal.Whatmadethatperson10(be)athiefhere?”Finally,thekinglookedatYanZiandlaughed.“Iwaswrongaboutyouandyourstate!”【答案】1．a2．height3．through4．visitors5．wasconsidered6．better7．replied8．rudely9．while10．be【导语】本文主要写了齐国派遣晏子去楚国求援的故事。1．句意：于是齐王派了一个有大智慧的人晏子去请楚国互相支持。此处泛指“一个人”，man以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。2．句意：他试图让晏子对自己的身高感到羞愧。形容词性物主代词后加名词height“身高”。故填height。3．句意：晏子到了，卫兵叫他从小门进去。根据“enter...thesmallgate”可知是从小门进去，表示从内部穿过用介词through“穿过”。故填through。4．句意：只有狗的国家才会用狗的门迎接来访者。根据“greet...”可知是迎接来访者，此处表示泛指用名词复数visitors“来访者”。故填visitors。5．句意：晏子的行动被认为是对抗楚王的。becondideredto“被认为”，句子用一般过去时，主语是YanZi’saction，be动词用was。故填wasconsidered。6．句意：难道他们没有更好的人吗？根据“Don’ttheyhaveanyone”可知是反问齐国没有比晏子更好的人吗，用比较级better。故填better。7．句意：晏子平静地回答。本文时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式replied“回答”。故填replied。8．句意：国王粗鲁地问。修饰动词asked用副词rudely“粗鲁地”。故填rudely。9．句意：橘生淮南则为橘，橘生淮北则为枳。根据“TheorangetreessouthofHuaiRiverproducebiganddeliciousfruit...theorangetreesnorthofHuaiRiverproducesmallandsourfruit”可知前后两句是对比关系，用while“然而”连接。故填while。10．句意：是什么让那个人成为小偷？makesb.dosth.“让某人做某事”。故填be。09（23-24九年级上·江苏镇江·期中）根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。ZuChongzhiwasoneofthegreatestmathematicians(数学家)inancientChina.Hewasb1duringtheNorthernandSoutherndynasties.Fromayoungage,hewastaughtnaturalscience,astronomy,mathandsoon.Thelittleboyshowedani2inallofthesesubjects,especiallyinmath.Hewasbestknownforhiscalculation(计算)ofpi(π).A3totherecord,hedidalltheworkusingnothingbutwoodensticks.Ittookhimlotsoftimetoworkoutthevalue—b43.1415926and3.1415927.Atthattimenoonewasabletodobetterthanhim.Andnowtheachievementiss5praisedbypeoplearoundtheworld.Somemathematicianss6callingpi“ZuLv”inordertorememberhim.Hisa7wentbeyond(超越)math.Heworkedoutthatayearshouldbe365.24281481dayslongandcreatedtheDamingCalendar.However,governmentofficialsatthattimedidnotagreewithhim.Heneversawhisc8putintouse.Almosttenyearsafterhisdeath,thenewcalendarwasfinallya9.Hewasaninventortoo.Heoncemadeavehicle(车辆)thatcarriedapointer(指针).Nomatterhowthevehicleturned,thepointeralwayspointedtothes10.Howamazing!【答案】1．(b)orn2．(i)nterest3．(A)ccording4．(b)etween5．(s)till6．(s)uggest7．(a)chievements8．(c)alendar9．(a)ccepted10．(s)outh【导语】本文主要介绍古代中国的数学家祖冲之。1．句意：他出生在南北朝时期。横线后是时代，所以应是介绍出生的时代，考查短语“beborn”出生。故填(b)orn。2．句意：小男孩在所有科目上都展示兴趣，尤其是数学上。考查短语showaninterestin“在……上展示兴趣”。故填(i)terest。3．句意：根据记载，他除了用木棍什么都没用做了所有的工作。根据语境可知，应是根据记载，所以是短语“accordingtotherecord”。故填(A)ccording。4．句意：他花费很多时间解答出3.1415926和3.1415927间的价值。根据语境可知，应是短语between...and“在……之间”。故填(b)etween。5．句意：现在这个成就仍然被全世界人赞扬。根据“praisedbypeoplearoundtheworld”及首字母可知，仍然被全世界人赞扬，still“仍然”。故填(s)till。6．句意：为了记住祖冲之，一些数学家建议称π为“祖率”。根据“Somemathematicians…callingpi‘ZuLv’inordertorememberhim.”及首字母可知，建议称π为“祖率”，建议做某事“suggestdoing”，由于是描述事实，所以是一般现在时，由于主语是复数，所以是动词原形suggest。故填(s)uggest。7．句意：他的成就超越了数学。根据“His…wentbeyond(超越)math”及首字母可知，成就超越了数学，achievement“成就”，取得的成就不止一个，所以此空应填复数形式，故填(a)chievements。8．句意：他未曾见到他的日历投入使用。根据后文“thenewcalendarwasfinally”可知，是他的日历。故填(c)alendar。9．句意：在他死后将近十年，新历法终于被接受了。根据“However,governmentofficialsatthattimedidnotagreewithhim.Heneversawhis…putintouse”可知，在那个时候，政府官员不同意他的看法，他的新历法并没有被推行，在他死后才被接受，accept“接受”，was与过去分词构成一般过去时被动语态，故填(a)ccepted。10．句意：不管车子怎么转弯，指针总是指向南方。根据“Nomatterhowthevehicleturned,thepointeralwayspointedtothe”及首字母可知，不管车子怎么转，指针总是朝南，south“南”，故填(s)outh。10（23-24九年级上·山东德州·期中）阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容，从下面所给11个词中选择10个意义相符的词，必要时进行词形变化，填入空白处，每空一词。real,

many,

great,

that,

he,

thousand,

water,

around,

when,

wonder,

friendshipBornin701,LiBaiwasoneofthe1po