英语语法 被动语态和语气

学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载教案题目（教学章节或主题）：专题：动词语气和语态授课日期：授课时间：教学重点、难点：重要性：典型例题：单句改错：1.Manynewbuildingswerebuiltsince2000.2.Look!Afrogisswallowedbyasnakeoverthere.3.Greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinmyhometown.4.Thisbookisworthbeingread.5.Thebabyisbeingtakencarebytheparents.6.Theboywasmadestayathomedoinghishomework.单项选择1.Itissaidthatpandas_____inourcountryyearafteryear.A.arebeingdisappearedB.aredisappearingC.willbedisappearedD.willdisappear2.Theaccident______lastweek.A.washappenedB.happenedC.ishappenedD.arehappened3.HisSelectedPoems_______in1970.A.werepublishedB.waspublishedC.ispublishedD.hasbeenpublished4.Thatbigroom_____formeetings.A.usesB.shalluseC.isusingD.canbeused5.Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodearth______eachyear.A.iswashingaway B.isbeingwashedawayC.arewashingaway D.arebeingwashedaway6.Theradarsets_____foralongtimewithoutanytrouble.A.havebeenrunningB.havebeenrunC.haverunD.wererunning7.Doyouremember_____toDr.Henryduringyourlastvisit?A.tobeintroducedB.beingintroducedC.havingintroducedD.tohaveintroduced总结：本次教学评价：非常满意○较满意○一般○家长或学生签字共小时本节课回访记录：任课老师签字：主任签字：日期：讲义教学内容：动词语态：语态也是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态(activevoice)和被动语态(passivevoice)。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。被动语态的构成

被动语态是由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成，如果有必要强调动作的执行者，动作执行者可以由介词by引出的短语表示。助动词be随主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。主动语态变被动语态变被动句步骤：把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语2、把动词变为被动形式即be+过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。3、原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。4、其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。1)主语+谓语+宾语

“主语+谓语+宾语”结构中只有一个宾语，变为被动语态时，将宾语变为主语：

eg:Theywilldiscusstheplanatthemeeting.

--Theplanwillbediscussedatthemeeting.Inthepastthekingpossessedgreatwealth.

--Inthepastgreatwealthwaspossessedbytheking.练习：Inordertoleaveearlytomorrow,weshouldpackuptheluggagenow.2.WhenIgotthere,theywerecuttingupafallentree．Acarknockedhimdownyesterday4.Weshouldprotecttheearth．主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语

在这个句型中，谓语动词跟有两个宾语。变成被动语态时，一般将通常指人的间接宾语转化成主语，但有时也可将指物的间接宾语转化成主语：

Wegavethestudentsomebooks.

--Thestudentwasgivensomebooks.

--Somebooksweregiventothestudent.

Hisfatherboughthimacomputerlastweek.

--Hewasboughtacomputerbyhisfatherlastweek.

--Acomputerwasboughtforhimbyhisfatherlastweek.

注意：用直接宾语作被动语态的主语时，通常要在间接宾语前加上适当的介词(如to,for,of等)，以加强间接宾语的语气。一般在下列词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to。如：bring,take,give,hand,lend,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,teach,tell等Eg：Amagazinewaspassedontome.AnicewatchwasshowntoLucy.一般在下列词后，常在间接宾语前用介词for.如：buy,build,make,sing,choose,cut,get,fix等Eg:Thenewskirtwasmadeformebymymother.Abeautifulsongwassungtoherbyherclassmates.

练习：TheyawardedhimtheNobelPrizeThehosthadcaughtussomefish.3.Myunclegavemeagiftonmybirthday．Myfriendboughtmeabooklastnight.

3)主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语

在这个句型中，谓语动词后有一个宾语和一个宾语补足语，变成被动语态时，宾语转化成主语，宾语补足语也随之变为主语补足语：

Allthevillagerspaintedthehouseswhite.

--Thehouseswerepaintedwhitebyallthevillagers.

Theykeptuswaitingforalongtime.

--Wewerekeptwaitingforalongtime.

Weregardedhimasthebestdoctorintown.

--Hewasregardedasthebestdoctorintown.

注意：有些使役动词和感官动词,如make,see,hear,watch,notice,observe,listento等，在主动结构中跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，在变为被动结构时，不定式应加上to。

Eg：Weheardhimsaygood-byetohisfriends.

--Hewasheardtosaygood-byetohisfriends.Weoftenseehimplayguitarintheclassroom．--Heisoftensawtoplayguitarintheclassroom.

注意：在使用被动语态时，千万不要遗漏句末的介词或副词。

Eg:Suchabadhabitshouldbegotridof.Alltheimportantmattershavenowbeenattendedto.练习：Thisdictionarymustn't______fromthelibrary．

A．takeawayB．takenawayC．aretakenawayD．betakenaway

2.Shewilltakegoodcareofthechildren．（变被动语态）

Thechildrenwill______________________________（byher）．

3.SomeonesawhimswiminQianlingLakeyesterday．（变被动语态）

He__________________swiminQianlingLakeyesterday．4)含有情态动词的主动句变被动句

含有情态动词的谓语变成被动语态时，用“情态动词+bedone”构成。

Wemustoperatethemachinewithcare.--Themachinemustbeoperatedwithcare.

Thegovernmentshouldremindpeopleofthedangerthatnight

--Peoplehadtoberemindedofthedangerthatnight.不用被动语态的情况1.不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态（即多数的瞬间动词）：appear,die（死亡）,disappear（消失）,end(vi.结束）,fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,standbreakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.比较：rise,fall,happen是不及物动词；raise,seat是及物动词。（错）Thepricehasbeenrisen.（错）Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.（对）Thepricehasrisen.（对）Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.（错）Thepricehasraised.（错）Pleaseseat.（对）Thepricehasbeenraised.（对）Pleasebeseated.系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel,sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。Eg；Yourideasoundsreasonable.Thefoodtastesterrible.Theuniformlooksuglyonme.表示主语的某种属性特省的动词，如read,write,act,sell,wash,wear,open,cook.这类词一般不单独使用，常有一个修饰语。Eg:Theclothdrieseasily.Thebooksellswell.Thepenwritessmoothly.主动形式表示被动含义

1）在need，want，require,bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。Eg:Thehouseneedsrepairing（toberepaired）．Theflowerswantwateringeveryday.

2）形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。Eg:Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading．（＝Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead．）Themanisworthtrusting.=Themanisworthytobetrusted.

3)动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系,不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。

Eg:Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon．(todo与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)Iwanttofindahoteltolivein.Idon’thaveapartnertopracticeEnglishwith.

试比较：I’llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted?(此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)

4.在某些“形容词＋不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。

Eg：Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.Theairishardtobreathe.

练习：各个时态的被动结构变形A）句型练习1.Theteachercleanstheofficeeveryday._____________________________2.Thedoctorcleanedthebathroomyesterday.____________________________3.TominvitedBlowntotheparty.____________________________________4.Theworkersbuiltthishouse100yearsago._____________________________5.Someworkerswillbuildanewschoolbuilding.____________________________6.Ihaveeatenanapple.________________________________7.Mymotheriswashingthedishes._____________________________8.Alittleboyhasbrokenthewindow._______________________________9.Thebadmaniscuttingdownthetrees._______________________________10.Somebodywantsyouonthephone.________________________________B）单项选择1.--whatanicegarden!

--Yes．it

_____________everyday．

A．hasbeencleaned

B．iscleanedC．isbeingcleanedD．wascleaned2.English__________inCanada，AustraliaandNewZealandaswellasAmericaandBritain．

A．speaks

B．isspeakingC．isspokenD．spoke3.Iwon’tleavemyofficeuntilmywork__________．

A．finish

B．willfinishC．arefinishedD．isfinished4.Areportsayshundredsofthousandsoftrees-intheAmazonrainforest_________lastyear．

A．wascutdown

B．havebeencutdownC．werecutdownD．hasbeencutdown5.ThePLA_____in1927.A.wasfoundB.foundC.wasfoundedD.founded6.Yourschoollooksbeautiful．

一Yes．A10t0ftreesandgrass_________lastyear．

A．areplanted

B．wereplantedC．areplantingD．haveplanted7.Theyoungmanwhostolemanybikesinourschool_____________thedaybeforeyesterday．

A．wascatching

B．iscaughtC．caughtD．wascaught8.--whatshouldwedofirstifwewanttodevelopourvillage?

一A1otofnewroads__________，Ithink．

-

A．mustbuild

B．havetobuildC．mustbebuiltD．havebuilt9.Ithinklknowthelittleboyintheoldphoto．Bit'Sme．It____________10yearsagoinHangzhou．

A．took

B．istakenC．hastakenD．wastalcen10.一Mum，CanIgooutandplay?

一Ifyourwork_________．

A．willbedone

B．isdoneC．hasdoneD．wasdone1.(10年高考I32题)ThediscoveryofgoldinAustralialedthousandstobelievethatafortune____.A.ismadeB.wouldmakeC.wastobemadeD.hadmade2.(10年高考II15题)Linda,makesurethatthetables___beforetheguestsarrive.A.besetB.setC.aresetD.aresetting3.(09年高考I26题)Hissisterlefthomein1998,and____since.A.hadnotbeenheardofB.hasnotbeenheardofC.hadnotheardofD.hasnotheardof4.(09年高考II8题)Progress____sofarverygoodandwearesurethattheworkwillbefinishedontime.A.wasB.hadbeenC.hasbeenD.willbe5.(08年高考I9题)Thewetweatherwillcontinuetomorrow,whenacoldfront___toarrive.A.isexpectedB.isexpectingC.expectsD.willbeexpected6.(07年高考I35题)Theflowersweresolovelythatthey_____innotime.A.soldB.hadbeensoldC.weresoldD.wouldsell7.(06年高考I29题)Thewater_____coolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorningexercise.A.wasfeltB.isfeltC.feltD.feels8.(06年高考II31题)Elizarememberseverythingexactlyasifit_____yesterday.A.washappeningB.washappenedC.hadhappenedD.happened9.(05年高考I33题)Thehero’sstory_____differentlyinthenewspapers.A.wasreportedB.wasreportingC.reportsD.reported10.(04年高考I28题)Sarah,hurryup.I’mafraidyoucan’thavetimeto____beforetheparty.A.getchangedB.getchangeC.getchangingD.gettochange11.(04年高考II34题)Accordingtotheartdealer,thepainting____togoforatleastamilliondollars.A.isexpectedB.expectsC.expectedD.isexpecting12.(04年高考III25题)---Thewindowisdirty.-----Iknow.It____forweeks.A.hasn’tcleanedB.didn’tcleanC.wasn’tcleanedD.hasn’tbeencleaned13.(03年高考30题)Whydon’tyouputthemeatinthefridge?Itwill___freshforseveraldays.A.bestayedB.stayC.bestayingD.havestay