英语初学者必看的语法

Lesson1Introduceyourself:I’mArmy.（I’m=Iam）Myname’sBen.(name’s=nameis)Greetpeeople:Hello/Hi.Goodmorning/afternoon/evening.Nicetomeetyou./Nicetomeetyou,too.Thankpeople:Thankyou./Thanks.That’sallright/Youarewelcome.Saysorry:Sorry./I’msorry.That’sallright./Itdoesn’tmatter.Saygoodbye:Goodbye./Bye-bye./Bye.UseclassroomEnglish:Let’slookatUnit4.Let’sread.Let’slearnEnglish.Let’swrite.Let’slookandlisten.(let’s=letus)Question/Answer：What’syourname?Myname’sDale.(what’s=whatis)/I’mDale.Who’sthis/that?It’sKay.(who’s=whois)What’sthis/that?It’sletterA.(it’s=itis)What’sthisinEnglish?It’saclock/It’smilk.Whatcolorisit?It’’sred.Whatletteristhis?It’sX.Listenandreada)Hello!MynameisColinZhang.C-O-L-I-N,Colin;Z-H-A-N-G,Zhang.Thisismyfather,Phlip.Andthismymother,Mona.Look,thisismyEnglishbook.Ilikemybook.IlikeEnglish.b)Lookatthis.It’sapencilcase.It’sorange.It’smypencilcase.What’sinit？Look，thisisapen.It’sblack.Thisisapencil.It’sred.Andthisisapencil,too.It’syellow.Thisisaneraser.It’sbuleandwhite.Mypencilcaseisbigandnice.Ilikeit.c)Lookatthat.It’saphoto.Who’sthatinthephoto?It’sLiuYing.LiuYingisanicegirl.She’sChinese.She’smyfriend.Amyismyfriend,too.She’sEnglish.IlikeAmyandLiuYing.基本语法入门：句子成分:1主语2谓语；3宾语；4表语；5定语；6状语;7同位语；8插入语；句子分类：1按目的分类：陈述句：疑问句：祈使句：感叹句：2按结构分类：简单句：并列句：复合句：基本句型：主语+不及物动词Thedooropened.Theylaughed.Thefruitstorehasclosed.Theyhaevebeensinginganddancingfortwohours.主语+不及物动词+状语TheylivedinBeijing.Mr.WhitewillbeflyingtoAustralia.3)主语+连系动词+表语重点：掌握常用连系动词：be,（是）appear(出现),look,smell,sound,taste,feel（5感官）get,grow,turn,come,become,（5变成），hold,keep,stand,stay,remain,(5保持)Thermotorisoutoforder.Theweathergetswarm.Silkfeelssoftandsmooth.Theplansoundsperfect.Hisdreamcametrue.注意：作表语的一般不能是—ly结尾的副词，否则句子不成立。主语+及物动词+宾语SheteachesEnglish.Heenjoyslisteningtomusic.Themachineisdrillingahole.Theteachercorrectedherpoorpronunciationmorethanonce.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语此句型中得谓语动词是带双宾语的及物动词。常见的有：give,bring,tell,send,leae,pass,read,write,take,show,teach,award,lend,rent,buy,pay,hand,recommendThisnewwaysavedusmuchtime.Couldyoudomeafavor,please?Ipaidtherepairmanfiftydollars.Ifoundhimanewtextbook.Canyousparemeafewminutesofyourvaluabletime?Thepresidentawardedhimthefirstprize.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语此句型中得谓语动词是可以带复合宾语的及物动词。在复合宾语中，宾语与其他的补足语之间存在着逻辑上的（即意义上的）主谓关系。这类及物动词常见的有：appoint,believe,call,catch,elect,feel,find,like,hear,keep,leave,discover,make,need,prefer,prove,see,warn等Thesunkeepuswarm.Ifindherdifficulttoworkwith.(形容词或形容词短语作宾补)TheychooseMr.Smithchairman.TheyelectedCharlesPresidentoftheuniversity.(名词或名词短语作宾补)Thewomancaughtherhusbandreadingherdiary.(现在分词短语作宾补)Ipreferyoutostaywithus.(动词不定式或动词不定式短语作宾补)Youmayleavethechildinmycare.(介词短语作宾补)陈述句：用来叙述或说明事实看法的句子，可以是肯定结构的（肯定句），也可以是否定结构的（否定句）。疑问句：一般疑问句：MayIcomein?DoyoulikeEnglish?助动词或情态动词+主语+其他？特殊疑问句：What’syourname?Whoishe?选择疑问句：Isitbigorsmall?Areyoucomingornot?反意疑问句：Hecan’tswim,canhe?他不会游泳，是吗？LiMingwillcometommorow,won’the?Thereisaradioonthetabe,isn’tthere?祈使句：表示请求，命令。它的主语是you(听话人)，一般不需要说出来。它的谓语动词一律使用动词原形。Openthewindow,please.Giveittome.Becareful.感叹句：表示喜怒哀乐等强烈的感情。一般结构有：What/How+强调部分+其他（与陈述句语序相同）Whatacleverboyheis!他是一个多么聪明的孩子！Whatcoldwaterthisis!多冷的水啊！Howwetandcoldtheweatheris！雨这么大，天气又这么冷!课上习题：1,Listenandcompletetheconversationsbelowthepictrues.p10a)A:Goodmorning.B/C：____________A:What’syour_____？B:Myname’s________.Andthisismy________.A:Nicetomeetyou.C:Nicetomeetyou,_____.b)A:______________________?B:Myname’s___________.A:Who’sthat?B:It’smy_______.A:__________________?B:It’smy____________.2,Readandcompletetheconversations.A.That’sallright.B.Ok.C.Verygood.D.Sorry,Idon’tknow.E.Bye!F.Thanks.a)A:What’sthisinEnglish？B:Cola.A:__________.b)A:Who’sthat,C