高考冲刺600分英语培优计划之题型技法讲义专题五短文改错

专题五eq\b\lc\|\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(,,,,,))短文改错一、短文改错“四步解题流程”二、短文改错坚持“四项基本原则”改动处以最少为原则短文改错题要求每句中最多有两处错误。实词以改变词形为原则在短文改错题中，一般只是改变实词的形式，而不能改变实词的词义，也不能将其改换成另一个实词，更不能随意增删。虚词以添加或删除为原则历年高考短文改错题中需要添加或删除的地方差不多有2至3处。这些需要添、删的词一般都是虚词(如冠词、介词等)，不是实词(如动词、名词等)，否则会改变句子的原意。以保持句子原意不变为原则改错时，应该针对短文中的用词错误、语法错误、逻辑错误加以改正，不应更改作者的原意。做到换词不改意、加词不增意、去词不减意。三、“增删”“修改”两类考法的思考趋向(一)考虑“增删”的8种情况eq\a\vs4\al([口诀])连介冠，符号to，可能增加和删除；增加人称和物主，可能删除副和助。1．连介冠，符号to，可能增加和删除(1)连词①(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Thoughnotverybig,buttherestaurantispopularinourarea.去掉but②(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)Hehadadeepvoice,whichsethimapartfromothersinoursmalltown,hewasstrongandpowerful.he_was前加and(2)介词①(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)WhenIlookatthispictureofmyself,Irealizeofhowfasttimeflies.去掉第二个of②(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsbeingrichinashortperiodoftime.dreams后加of(3)冠词①(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Butinthatcase,wewilllearnlittleaboutworld.world前加the②(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Atthefirst,IthoughtIkneweverythingandcouldmakedecisionsbymyself.去掉the(4)符号to(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Whensummeres,theywillinvitetheirstudentspickthefreshvegetables!_students后加to2．增加人称和物主(1)人称代词(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Atlast,Iwillbeonmyown,butIstillwanttohavemyparentstoturntowheneverneedhelp.whenever后加I(2)物主代词(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Istillrememberhowhardfirstdaywas.hard后加my/the3．可能删除副和助(1)副词(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)IwassomuchnervousthatIcouldhardlytellwhichdirectionwasleft.去掉much(2)助动词(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Lotsofstudieshavebeenshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybeeaveryseriousproblem.去掉been(二)考虑“修改”的10种情况eq\a\vs4\al([口诀])动词形，名词数，代冠介连词性误；常用词，要辨析，还有其他比较级。1．动词形，名词数(1)动词形：无论是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，动词错误就是原形、一般现在时、第三人称单数形式、一般过去时、分词、动名词等动词形式的错误。①(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)IshowedthemIwasindependentbywearstrangeclothes.wear→wearing②(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Awomansawhimcryingandtellinghimtowaitoutsidetheshop.telling→told③(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Mydreamschoollooklikeabiggarden.look→looks④(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)Sincethen—foralltheseyears—wehadbeenallowingtomatoestoself­seedwheretheyplease.had→have(2)名词数：主要考查单复数的错误。(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Iforgotwhathehadsaidtomealtogether.Theinstructorkeptrepeatingtheword，“Speedup！”“Slowdown！”“Turnleft！”word→words2．代冠介连词性误(1)代词：(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Ifwegoonatripabroad,wecanbroadenyourviewandgainknowledgewecannotgetfrombooks.your→our(2)冠词：(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Theylivefarfromtheschool,andittakesthemaboutahourandahalftogotoworkeveryday.第一个a→an/one(3)介词：(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)NowIamleavinghometocollege.to→for(4)连词：(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Theretheairiscleanorthemountainsaregreen.or→and(5)词性误：考得最多的是形容词与副词的混用。①(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Ienjoyedstudyingdifferencekindsofcarsandplanes,playingpopmusic,andcollectingthelatestmusicalbums.difference→different②(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenlystopjustinthemiddleoftheroad.suddenly→sudden3．常用词，要辨析(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Afewminuteslate,theinstructoraskedmetostopthecar.late→later4．还有其他比较级(1)其他：主要指anything与everything，somewhere与everywhere等。(2015·陕西高考)Iwantedtodoanythingspecialforhimathisretirementparty.anything→something(2)比较等级：指形容