牛津八下英语语法总复习

牛津八下英语语法总复习一、现在完成时的“完成用法”和“未完成用法”1.现在完成时的"完成用法"现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。例如：Hehasturnedoffthelight.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。)现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如：already，yet，before，recently等)、频度时间状语(如：never，ever，once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如：thismorning／month／year...，today等)连用。例如：Haveyoufoundyourpenyet？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？2.现在完成时的"未完成用法"现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。例如：Hehaslivedheresince1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)Ihavebeeninthearmyformorethan5years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。(动作开始于5年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。)此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导)，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如：uptonow，sofar到目前为止)等。例如：Ihaveheardnothingfromhimuptonow.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。注意：(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词，即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等。(2)现在完成时常见两种句型：①主语＋have/hasbeen＋for短语②Itis＋一段时间＋since从句例如：HehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears.或ItisthreeyearssincehejoinedtheLeague.他入团已三年了。3、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等。终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如open,close,finish,begin,come,go,arrive,reach,getto,leave,move,borrow,buy等。4、延续性动词的用法特征1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。表示"段时间"的短语有：fortwoyears,duringthepastthreeyears,sincelastyear,howlong等。如：IhavelearnedEnglishsinceIcamehere.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。如：Itraindateightyesterdaymorning.(误)rain为延续性动词，而ateight表示"点时间"，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come,begin,get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为：Itbegantorainateightyesterdaymorning.(正)又如：-WhendidyougettoknowJack?-Twoyearsago.-Thenyou'veknowneachotherformorethantwoyears.-That'sright.5、终止性动词的用法特征1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如：Thetrainhasarrived.火车到了。Haveyoujoinedthecomputergroup?你加入电脑小组了吗？2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如：(1)他死了三年了。误：Hehasdiedforthreeyears.正：Hehasbeendeadforthreeyears.正：Hediedthreeyearsago.正：Itisthreeyearssincehedied.正：Threeyearshaspassedsincehedied.(2)他来这儿五天了。误：Hehascomehereforfivedays.正：Hehasbeenhereforfivedays.正：Hecameherefivedaysago.正：Itisfivedayssincehecamehere.正：Fivedayshaspassedsincehecamehere.(1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词，不能与表示"段时间"的状语连用。那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采用下面的四种方法：(1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词，如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例：leave→beaway,borrow→keep,buy→have,begin/start→beon,die→bedead,moveto→livein,finish→beover,join→bein/beamemberof,opensth.→keepsth.open,fallill→beill,getup→beup,catchacold→haveacold。(2)将句中表示"段时间"的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语，如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。(3)用句型"Itis+段时间+since..."表达原意，如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。(4)用句型"时间+haspassed+since..."表达原意，如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。3.终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：Hehasn'tleftheresince1986.Ihaven'theardfrommyfatherfortwoweeks.4.终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用，构成"not+终止性动词+until/till..."的句型，意为"直到……才……"。如：Youcan'tleavehereuntilIarrive.直到我到了，你才能离开这里。IwillnotgotobeduntilIfinishdrawingthepicturetonight.今天晚上直到我画完画，我才上床睡觉。5.终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中，但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。when表示的时间是"点时间"(从句谓语动词用终止性动词)，也可以是"段时间"(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程，从句谓语动词用延续性动词。如：WhenwereachedLondon,itwastwelveo'clock.(reach为终止性动词)Pleaselookaftermydaughterwhile/whenweareaway.(beaway为延续性动词短语)6.终止性动词完成时不可与howlong连用(只限于肯定式)。如：误：Howlonghaveyoucomehere?正：Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?正：Whendidyoucomehere?二、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对"现在"产生的影响。如：HevisitedGuilinin1998.他1998年参观过桂林。(只说明去桂林的时间)2.现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。不与确定的过去时间状语连用。如：Jillhasboughtanewcomputer.吉尔买了一台新电脑。(着重点是现在有了一台新电脑)3.两种时态的区分(1)一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是"助动词have/has+过去分词"。如：Thefilmstartedat7o’clock.Hehasbeenateacherformanyyears.(2)一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,lastweek,twoyearsago,justnow,in2002等；而现在完成时则常与just,already,ever,never等副词和thesedays,thisweek,since...,for...等表示一段时间的状语连用。看看以下的几组句子，有什么区别？①Haveyouseenthefilm?(A)Didyouseethefilm?(B)[说明]你看过这部电影吗？(A)句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解；(B)句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。②Howhashedoneit?(A)Howdidhedoit?(B)[说明]他是怎么做的这件事？(A)句强调的是他做这件事的方式对现在产生了某种影响；(B)句单纯的询问做这件事的方式。③HehaslivedinBeijingfor8years.(A)HelivedinBeijingfor8years.(B)[说明]他在北京住了8年。(A)句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了8年，可能还会继续在北京住下去。(B)句讲的是他在北京住过8年，现在不在北京了。三、现在完成时考点例析现在完成时是较难掌握、中考考查较多的时态。涉及的考点有：一、考查其构成"助动词have(has)+动词过去分词"构成现在完成时。如：1.Kate'sneverseenChinesefilms，____?A.hasn'tsheB.hassheC.isn'tsheD.isshe2.Hisunclehasalreadypostedthephotostohim.(改为否定句)Hisuncle______postedthephotostohim______.析：already常用在肯定句中，yet常用在否定句、疑问句中，故填hasn't,yet。3.-AnnhasgonetoShanghai.-So______herparents.A.hasB.hadC.didD.have析："so+助/系/情态动词+主语"结构中的动词形式应与前句结构中动词形式保持一致，又后句的主语为herparents是复数,故选D。二、考查其用法与标志词(一)当句中有never,ever,just,already,yet,before等时，常用现在完成时。如：1.-Mum,mayIgooutandplaybasketball?-______you______yourhomeworkyet?A.Do;finishB.Are;finishingC.Did;finishD.Have;finished2.-______you______anywherebefore?-Yes,butIcan'trememberwhereI______A.Did;surf;surfedB.Have;surfed;surfedC.Did;surf;havesurfedD.Have;surfed;havesurfed析：据yet和before可知,应用现在完成时，故1题选D，2题选D。(二)当句中有"for+段时间"或"since+点时间"等时，主句常用现在完成时，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，若是非延续性动词，要改为延续性动词或表状态的词(短语)。如：1.HisbrotherhasbeentoStoneForesttwice______hecametoYunnan.A.afterB.beforeC.sinceD.for析：主句用的是现在完成时，而从句用的是一般过去时，故选C。2.Tom______theCDplayerfortwoweeks.A.haslentB.hasborrowedC.hasboughtD.hashad析：A、B、C均为非延续性动词，在肯定句中不与表"段时间"的短语连用，故选D。3.I______aletterfromhimsinceheleft.A.didn'treceiveB.haven'tgotC.didn'thaveD.haven'theard析：据since可知，应排除A、C，"hearfromsb.=receive/get/havealetterfromsb."意为"收到某人的来信"，故选B。三、考查have/hasbeen(to,in)/have/hasgone(to)的区别。如：1.-Haveyouever______LintongtoseetheTerraCottaWarriors?-Yes,Ihave.A.wenttoB.gonetoC.beeninD.beento析：据句中的have，排除A，B项意为"去某地了"，C项意为"一直呆在某地"，D项意为"去过某地"，符合题意，故选D。2.Myparents______Shangdongfortenyears.A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeen四、考查现在完成时与其他时态的联系和区别。如：1.Sun'saunthasgonetherefortenyears.(改成正确的句子)2.Susanhasbeeninthiscityformorethantenyears.(改为同义句)________morethantenyears____Susan______tothiscity.析：据上题分析，且since引导的从句要用一般过去时，故填Itis,since,came。3.Iwon'tgototheconcertbecauseI____myticket.A.lostB.don'tloseC.havelostD.iscoming析：因我丢了票的动作发生在过去，而且对现在造成了我不能参加音乐会的结果，符合现在完成时所表示的含意，故选C。现在完成时专项练习题及答案一、单项选择。1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey________what'shappenedtohim.Ａ.knewＢ.haveknownＣ.mustknowＤ.willknow2、Hehas_______beentoShanghai,hashe?Ａ.alreadyＢ.neverＣ.everＤ.still3、HaveyoumetMrLi______？Ａ.justＢ.agoＣ.beforeＤ.amomentago4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.Ａ.iswritingＢ.waswritingＣ.wroteＤ.haswritten5、—Ourcountry______alotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.Ａ.haschanged;wellＢ.changed;goodＣ.haschanged;betterＤ.changed;better6、ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.Ａ.was;studyingＢ.will;studyＣ.has;studiedＤ.are;studying7、We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.Ａ.knowＢ.hadknownＣ.haveknownＤ.knew8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_______ittwice.Ａ.willseeＢ.haveseenＣ.sawＤ.see9、—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.—Really?When_____there?Ａ.willtheygoＢ.didtheygoＣ.dotheygoＤ.havetheygone10、—______you___yourhomeworkyet?—Yes.I_____itamomentago.Ａ.Did;do;finishedＢ.Have;done;finishedＣ.Have;done;havefinishedＤ.will;do;finish11、Hisfather______thePartysince1978.Ａ.joinedＢ.hasjoinedＣ.wasinＤ.hasbeenin12、—Doyouknowhimwell?—Sure.We_________friendssincetenyearsago.Ａ.wereＢ.havebeenＣ.havebecomeＤ.havemade13、—Howlonghaveyou____here?—Abouttwomonths.Ａ.beenＢ.goneＣ.comeＤ.Arrived14、Hurryup!Theplay__________fortenminutes.Ａ.hasbegunＢ.hadbegunＣ.hasbeenonＤ.began15It_____tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.Ａ.isＢ.hasＣ.willＤ.was16、MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.she_______tothelibrary.Ａ.hasgoneＢ.wentＣ.willgoＤ.hasbeen17、Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.Ａ.havebeeninＢ.havebeentoＣ.havegonetoＤ.havebeen18、Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,?A.sotheyB.don’ttheyC.havetheyD.haven’tthey19、hasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehetoChina?A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,gotC.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived20Hisuncleformorethan9years.A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity二、句型转换。1、Hehasneversurfed,_______________?（改成反意疑问句）2、Theyhavebeenheresince2000.(对划线部分提问)___________havetheybeenhere?3、Theoldman_________lastyear.He_________forayear(die)（动词填空）4、Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago.(同义句转换)Thisfactory___________________fortwentyyears.5、MissGaoleftanhourago.(同义句转换)MissGao_______________________________anhourago.6、HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyears.（同义句）Hermother_______thePartythreeyears________.7、TheGreenFamilymovedtoFrancetwoyearsago.(同义句转换)_______twoyears________theGreenfamilymovedtoFrance.8、Thebushasarrivedhere.Itarrivedtenminutesago.(把两个句子合并成一个句子)___________________________________________三、

汉译英。1、吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。______________________________________________________________2、他昨天收到一封信。______________________________________________________________3、我父亲以前到过长城。______________________________________________________________4、她还没有看过那部新电影。______________________________________________________________5、她去过上海。______________________________________________________________6、他这些天上哪儿去了？______________________________________________________________参考答案：一、单项选择。1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的】、作对现在造的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是Ｂ。2、现在完成时常与already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等连用。故2应选B。3、C4、现在完成时常与recently（近来），sofar（到目前为止），inthepast/“last+一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故4应选D。5、C6、现在完成时时常与“for+时间段或since+过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句过去时）。故6应选C。7、C8、现在完成时还与once（一次），twice（两次），threetimes（三次），severaltimes（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。故8应选B。9、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday,lastweek,amomentago等）连用。故9的正确答案为B。10、B11、现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。故11的正确答案依次为：D。12、B13、A14、C15、A。16、“have/hasgoneto+地点”表示“某人去了某地（还未回来）”，指主语所指的人不在这儿。“have/hasbeenin+地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示时间的状语连用。“have/hasbeento+地点”表示“曾经去过某地（但现在已不在那儿）。”故16的正确答案为A。17、A18、D19、C20、C二、句型转换。1、hashe?2、Howlong3、died,hasbeendead4、hasbeenopen5、hasbeenaway6、joined；ago7、Itis,since8、Thebushasbeenherefortenminutes.三、汉译英。1、Jimhasfinisheddoinghishomeworkalready.Heisfreenow.2、Hereceivedaletteryesterday.3、MyfatherhasbeentotheGreatWallbefore.4、Shehasn'tseenthenewfilmyet.5、ShehasbeentoShanghai.6、Wherehashebeenthesedays？(UNIT2)过去进行时（注意whenwhileas引导的时间状语从句。）(UNIT3)被动语态复习“三步曲”被动语态是动词语态的一种形式,表示主语是动作的承受者。在历年的中考题中,都有一定数量的考查被动语态的题目。因此,有必要对被动语态进行系统复习。第一曲:掌握被动语态的结构被动语态由"助动词+及物动词的过去分词"构成。不同时态的被动语态的差异主要体现在助动词be的变化上,同时助动词be还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。现将初中阶段常见的几种时态的被动语态总结如下:1.一般现在时的被动语态:am/is/are+done(指及物动词的过去分词,下同)如:Englishisusedallovertheworld.2.一般过去时的被动语态:was/were+done如:Thepicturewaspaintedtwoyearsago.3.现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are+being+done如:Theflowersarebeingwateredbythemnow.4.现在完成时的被动语态:have(has)+been+done如:Theroomhasbeencleaned.5.一般将来时的被动语态:will/begoingto+be+done如:Theworkwillbefinishedtomorrow.6.含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+done如:Yourhomeworkmustbehandedintoday.其它几种特殊句型：Itissaidthat……..Itiswellknownthat…….Itisreportedthat……..havesthdone第二曲:掌握主动语态变被动语态的方法把主动语态变为被动语态时,应走好以下三步:1)主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语;2)主动语态的谓语动词由主动语态形式变为被动语态形式;3)主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语,放在被动结构的谓语动词之后。在无须说明动作的执行者或只强调动作的承受者时,by短语可以省略。请看示范:主动语态:Mybrotherrepairedthatbikeyesterday.主语谓语动词宾语其余部分被动语态:Thatbikewasrepaired(bymybrother)yesterday.主语谓语动词by+宾语其余部分对于主动语态变为被动语态方法的考查,主要在句型转换题目中出现。只要能够按照上面介绍的方法去做,一般是能够做对的。第三曲:注意主动语态变为被动语态的几种特殊句型1.含有短语动词的被动语态一般来说,只有及物动词才有被动语态。另外,许多不及物动词加上介词或副词构成的短语动词,相当于及物动词,后面也可加宾语。在变被动语态时,注意不可丢掉后面的介词或副词,常见的这类短语动词有:takecareof,lookafter,takeoff,lookat,sendfor,lookup等。如:Theoldpeopleshouldbetakengoodcareof.2.含有双宾语的动词的被动语态含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时,应将其中一个宾语改为被动结构的主语,另一个宾语仍保留在原处。一种情况是把间接宾语(指人)变为主语,直接宾语(指物)不变。另一种情况是把直接宾语(指物)变为主语,间接宾语(指人)不变,这时,间接宾语前通常加介词to,有时加for。如:Myfathergavemeanewbookonmybirthday.→Iwasgivenanewbook(bymyfather)onmybirthday.(间接宾语作了主语)Anewbookwasgiventome(bymyfather)onmybirthday.(直接宾语作了主语)3.带有复合宾语的动词的被动语态带有复合宾语(宾语和宾语补足语)的主动语态变为被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动语态的主语,原来的宾语补足语不动。同时,如果宾语补足语是省略to的动词不定式,变为被动语态时,必须加上不定式符号to,这类动词有make,let,see,hear,watch等。如:WefindEnglishveryuseful.→Englishisfoundveryuseful.宾语宾补Ioftenhearhimsinginhisroom.→Heisoftenheardtosinginhisroom.宾语宾补4.有的动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义,这类动词有:wash,sell,smell,taste,sound,feel等。如:Thebookssellwell.Thefoodtastesgood.以上四种情况在中考题目中经常出现,同学们在碰到类似题目时,应首先分析属于哪种情况,然后再根据掌握的知识来做题。二、被动语态考点归纳1.主动语态改为被动语态时，被动语态应和主动语态的时态保持一致。如：WespeakEnglish.（改为被动语态）English_______________byus.［分析］此句主动语态为一般现在时态，被动语态也应用一般现在时态，因此，答案应是isspoken。2.注意被动语态的谓语结构。一般现在时是：am/is/are+p.p；一般过去时是：was/were+p.p；现在完成时是：have/has/been+p.p；现在进行时是：am/is/are/+being+p.p；含有情态动词的是：情态动词＋be+p.p。有诗曰：被动语态须注意，谓语不离“be”“p.p”。主谓一致别忘记，“进行”易丢一个“be”。（注：p.p过去分词）。如：Wemusttakegoodcareofoureyes.（改为被动语态）Oureyesmust___________goodcareof.［分析］此句中含有情态动词must，那么，我们根据“情态动词＋be+p.p.”的公式可知，答案应是betaken。3.注意句中主谓语的一致关系。如：Tea______（grow）insoutheastofChinaandIndia.［分析］此句中主语tea是不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词应用单数形式。而此句说明的又是一自然现象，因此就应用一般现在时态。所以，答案应是isgrown。4.注意复合宾语的变化。如：Theycouldn”tmakethecowgo.（改为被动语态）［分析］thecowgo在句中作make的复合宾语。一般情况下，变为被动语态后，宾语补足语的结构形式、所处位置原封不动地保存下来，但make/have/let/see/watch/hear等后原可省的to要还原回来。显然，此句中，thecowgo中省去的to应还原回来，因此答案应是Thecowcouldn”tbemadetogo.5.注意双宾语的变化。如：MrSmithshowedthestudentstwopicturesyesterday.（改为被动语态）Twopictures________________thestudentsbyMrSmith.［分析］变为被动语态时，双宾语中的任何一个皆可变为主语，一般变直接宾语，但间接宾语前必须加上介词to或for。此句中显然是把直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，那么，间接宾语前须加上介词to，所以答案应是wereshownto。6.注意短语动词中的“小词”。如：Theoldmenandthechildren____inourcountry.A.musttakegoodcareB.mustbetakengoodcareC.mustbetakengoodcareofD.musttakegoodcareof［分析］短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，应当做一个词来看待，变成被动语态后，“小词”不能丢弃。因此，此题答案应是C。被动语态专项练习1.

—How

long

_____

at

this

job?

—Since

1990.

A.

were

you

employed

B.

have

you

been

employedC.

had

you

been

employed

D.

will

you

be

employed2.

—What

happened

to

the

priceless

works

of

art?

—________.

A.

They

were

destroyed

in

the

earthquakeB.

The

earthquake

was

destroying

themC.

They

destroyed

in

the

earthquakeD.

The

earthquake

destroyed

them

3.

If

city

noises

______

from

increasing,

people______

shout

to

be

heard

even

at

the

dinner

table

20

years

from

now.A.

are

not

kept;

will

have

to

B.

are

not

kept;

have

to

C.

do

not

keep;

will

have

to

D.

do

not

keep;

have

to

4.—Do

you

like

the

material?

—Yes,

it

______

very

soft.

A.

is

feeling

B.

felt

C.

feels

D.

is

felt

5.

I

need

one

more

stamp

before

my

collection

______.

A.

has

completed

B.

completes

C.

has

been

completed

D.

is

completed

6.

All

the

preparations

for

the

task

_____

,

and

we're

ready

to

start.A.

completed

B.

complete

C.

had

been

completed

D.

have

been

completed

7.

Hundreds

of

jobs

______

if

the

factory

closes.A.

lose

B.

will

be

lost

C.

are

lost

D.

will

lose

8.

A

new

cinema______

here.

They

hope

to

finish

it

next

month.

A.

will

be

built

B.

is

built

C.

has

been

built

D.

is

being

built

9.

After

the

class，the

students

went

out

of

the

classroom

one

by

one,

but

only

Mary______.

A.

left

B.

had

left

C.

was

leaving

D.

was

left

10.

The

teacher

told

the

students

that

they______

to

be

useful

men

to

the

country.

A.

were

all

expected

B.were

all

expecting

C.

all

were

expected

D.

all

expected

11.

He_____in

a

shower

last

night

and

got

wet

through.A.

caught

B.

was

caught

C.

had

caught

D.

caught

up

12.

The

thief______

when

he

was

stealing

a

wallet

from

a

woman.A.

happened

to

notice

B.

was

taken

place

to

notice

C.

was

happened

to

be

noticed

D.

happened

to

be

noticed

13.

He______

and

was

made

to

repeat

it.A.

didn't

understand

B.

didn't

be

understoodC.

wasn't

understand

D.

wasn't

understood

14.

The

pupils

here_____

all

kinds

of

exercises

every

day

in

the

past

few

weeks.A.

kept

busy

doing

B.

keep

on

doingC.

have

kept

busy

doing

D.

have

been

kept

busy

doing

15.

—What

were

you

doing

when

Tom

came

to

see

you?

—I

_____on

my

overcoat

and

______

to

visit

a

friend

of

mine.A.

have

just

put;

leaving

B.

was

put;

was

leftC

.had

just

put;

was

leaving

D.

was

putting;

left

16.

They

said

good-bye,

hardly

knowing

that

they

______again.A.

were

never

met

B.

will

never

meet

C.

never

met

D.

were

never

to

meet

17.

—What

happened

to

the

postman?

—I

don't

know.

He______

around

here

for

a

long

time.A.

hasn't

seen

B.

didn't

see

C.

wasn't

seen

D.

hasn't

been

seen

18.

Don't

get

that

ink

on

your

shirt,

for

it______.A.

won't

wash

out

B.

won't

be

washed

out

C.

isn't

washed

out

D.

doesn't

wash

away

19.—Do

you

know

anyone

in

Paris?

—No.

I'll

make

friends

once______.A.

I'm

settled

B.

I

have

settled

C.

I'll

be

settled

D.

I'm

settling

20.

Not

having

finished

his

homework,

______

to

watch

TV.A.

Mother

forbade

him

B.

so

he

was

forbidden

C.

and

he

wanted

D.

he

was

forbidden

21.

—Bob,

you______

on

the

phone.

—______.A.

are

needed;

I'm

coming

B.

are

wanted;

ComingC.

are

called;

I'll

come

D.

are

rung

up;

Thanks

22.

E-mail,

as

well

as

telephones,

______

an

important

part

in

daily

communication.

A.

is

being

played

B.

are

playing

C.

have

played

D.

is

playing

23.

Jackson______

to

work

in

government

office

though

he

hated

serving

there.

A.

wanted

B.

was

wanted

C.

was

wanting

D.

had

wanted

24.

Your

cough

ought

______

before

it

gets

worse.

A.

to

see

B.

to

be

seen

C.

to

see

to

D.

to

be

seen

to25.

—I'm

going

away

for

the

weekend.

—But

you

_____you______

out

to

dinner

with

me.

A.

say;

will

come

B.

say;

cameC.

said;

would

come

D.

have

said;

will

made

26.

I

don't

know

what

decisions

______

at

the

conference

as

John

hasn't

reported

to

me

yet.A.

would

make

B.

will

make

C.

are

made

D.

were

made

27.

—Would

you

have

come

to

his

help,

had

you

been

free?

—Yes.

But

I______

engaged.A.

was

B.

were

C.

had

been

D.

would

be

28.

All

the

preparations

for

the

task

______,

and

we're

ready

to

start.A.

completed

B.

completeC.

had

been

completedD.

have

been

completed答案与分析

1.

B

从答语Since

1990我们可以知道，说话人问的是一段时间，since表示"从

过去一直到现在"，因此本空用现在完成时。

2.

A

本题考查时态语态与习惯表达。第一个说话人问的是发生在the

priceless

works

of

art的事情，因此回答时为了有所侧重，将they放在主语的位置上，

they与destroy间为被动关系，在这里叙述过去的事情，因此最佳答案是A。

3.

A

在真实条件状语从句中，主句应用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。还

要注意city

noises和keep是被动关系

4.C

从形式上看，该句很像是被动语态，结果选D的考生有一些。而实际上

feel是摸起来的意思，与后面的soft是系表结构。作为此意讲时，feel没有被

动语态，也不可用作进行时，故A、D、B项不可选。本题区分度为0.357，

通过率为35%。

5.

D

该题的考查目标是时间状语从句中时态和语态的用法。从原题的主句时

态看出，从句中应该用一般现在时。而complete与collection构成动宾关系，

所以用被动语态。故D最佳。本题区分度为0.451，通过率为4l%。

6.

D

All

the

preparations与complete之间应为被动关系，故排除A、B。依据

we're

ready

to

start，故排除C。

7.B此题是在if引起一个状语从句中，从句用现在时，主句中用一般将来时，

而且句意为被动，故B为最佳。

8.

D

从后面的提示看，这项工程没有完工，故应正在建设之中，而且是被动

语态，故D为最佳。

9.

D

leave既可作"离开"解，又可作"留下"解。本题明显含有"Mary被留在教室

里

(by

the

teacher)"之意。

10.

A

此句用被动语态，表示"他们被期待、被指望……"，all常置于be动词或

第一个助动词之后。

11.

B

表示"淋雨"、"碰上阵雨"时，若"雨"作主语，用主动形式，动词用

catch；若"人"作主语，则用be

caught

in结构。

12.

D

happen，take

place不用于被动语态，但happen

to

(碰巧)

之后的不定式可

以用被动语态。本题的notice与主语thief是动宾关系，故用不定式的被动

形式。

13.

D

从He...was

made

to

repeat

it可推断他的话未被理解，故用被动形式。

14.

D

keep

sb.busy

doings

sth.表示"使某人忙于"，完成时的被动形式应为have

been

kept

busy

doing

sth.。

15.

C

前-个动作在

"Tom来看"时已完成，后一个正要去做。

16.

D

were

(was)

to

do

sth.表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的事。

17.

D

从时间状语for

a

long

time可知，到说话时为止长时间没见到邮递员了。

故用现在完成时态的被动语态。

18.

A

"won't

wash

out"意思是"不会洗掉"。用来说明主语的特征。

19.

A

settle作"安家"解时，既可用settle，也可用be

settled。本题是由once即

(一

旦)引起的时间状语从句，故用一般现在时表将来。

20.

D

本题前半部分是现在分词的完成时作原因状语。根据分词作状语，其

逻辑主语必须与句子主语相一致的原则，排除A。B、C两项分别有连词so

和and，故不对。

21.

B"有你的电话"英语应说you

are

wanted

on

the

telephone。答语用coming表

示"我就来(=I'm

coming.)"

22.

D

as

well

as连接两个主语时，谓语动词应和as

well

as前的主语一致。

23.

B

尽管Jackson不愿意在政府部门工作，但是政府部门却相中了他。

24.

D

题意为"趁着咳嗽得不很厉害，你应该马上就医才是。"

25.C

因为主句的谓语动词用的是过去时态，所以从句的时态应该用过去时态

的一种，这里是间接引语形式。

26.

D

make与decisions是动宾关系，at

the

conference告诉我们，(会上)作出决

定已成事实，只不过John尚未报告究竟作出什么样的决定，故本题用过

去时态的被动语态。

27.

A

此题的关键是but，I

was

engaged意思是"我当时很忙。"

28.

D

现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响。从and

we're

ready

to

start

可知，一切准备工作已经就绪，可以开始工作了。(UNIT5)直接引语变间接引语一、句式的变化1.陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句。〔that在口语中常省略〕Shesaid,“Ourtrainwillarriveinfiveminutes.”Shesaid(that)theirtrainwouldarriveinfiveminutes.Hesaid,“I’mverybusy.”Hesaid(that)hewasverybusy.2.一般疑问句变成if/whether引导的宾语从句。Hesaid,“Canyouswim,John?”HeaskedJohnifhecouldswim.Theteachersaid,“Haveyouallunderstoodme?”Theteacheraskedifwehadallunderstoodhim.If/whether的用法主要区别点:a.whether可与or(not)连用Idon’tknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.b.与介词连用：Wearetalkingaboutwhetherhewillwin.c.与不定式连用：Ican’tdecidewhethertogowithyou.3.特殊疑问句变为由who/what/when等疑问词引导的宾语从句。Georgesaid,“WhenwillyougetbackfromShanghai,Mike?”GeorgeaskedMikewhenhewouldgetbackfromShanghaiHesaid,“Whereareyougoing?”HeaskedwhereIwasgoing.4.祈使句变为动词不定式。〔表示命令时常用tell;表示请求时常用ask。Don’t变为not〕Theteachersaidtotheboy,“Openthewindow.”Theteachertoldtheboytoopenthewindow.Hisfathersaidtohim,“Don’tleavethedooropen.”Hisfathertoldhimnottoleavethedooropen.5.反意疑问句，变为由if/whether引导的宾语从句。Sheaskedme,“Youhaveseenthefilm,haven’tyou?”Sheaskedmeif/whetherIhadseenthefilm.6.选择问句，变为whether…or…Iaskedhim,“Willyoustayathomeorgotoafilmtonight?”Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldstayathomeorgotoafilmthatnight.7.直接引语是感叹句时，变间接引语时可用what或how引导，有时也可用that引导。Shesaid,“Whatalovelydayitis!”Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.Shesaidthatitwasalovelyday.二、时态的变化附：时态不变的几种情况：1.Hesays,“I’mverybusytoday.”Hesays(that)heisverybusytoday.Hewillsay,“Ihavewateredtheflowers.”Hewillsay(that)hehaswateredtheflowers.2.直接引语如果是客观真理，事实，格言等内容时，变间接引语时，时态不变。例：Hesaid:“Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.”他说：“光传播的速度要比声音快得多。”Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound3.直接引语是书信、新闻报道等相关内容时，变间接引语时，时态不变。4.直接引语说的是一个人习惯的动作时，变间接引语时，时态不变。5.转述正在进行的对话时，变间接引语时，时态不变。6.直接引语有具体的表示过去的时间时，变间接引语时，时态不变。7.when和since引导的时间状语从句时，变间接引语时，时态不变。一般现在时→一般过去时一般将来时→过去将来时现在进行时→过去进行时一般过去时→过去完成时现在完成时→过去完成时三、时间状语的变化now→then lastmonth→themonthbeforetoight→thatnight today→thatdaythreedaysago→threedaysbeforetomorrow→thenextdaythisweek→thatweeknextmonth→thenextmonth yesterday→thedaybeforethedayaftertomorrow→intwodays例：Shesaid,“Iwentthereyesterday.”她说，“我昨天去那儿了。”Shesaidthatshehadgonetherethedaybefore.她说她前一天去那儿了。四、人称的变化①直接引语的主语为第一人称时，变为间接引语要和主句的主语保持一致。Hesaid:“IwillgotoBeijingtomorrow.”HesaidthathewouldgotoBeijingthenextday.②直接引语的主语为第二人称时，要和主句的宾语保持一致。例：Hesaidtome:“Youwillleavetomorrow.”HetoldmethatIwouldleavethenextday.③直接引语是第三人称为主语时，变间接引语时不变。例：Hesaidtome:“Mysisterwillleavetomorrow.”Hetoldmethathissisterwouldleavetomorrow.Hesaidtous:“Theywanttocome.”Hetoldusthattheywantedtogo.五、其它变化指示代词的变化this→that these→thoseShesaid:“Iwillcomethismorning.”她说，“我今天上午来。”Shesaidthatshewouldgothatmorning.她说她那天上午去。地点状语的变化here→thereHesaid,“Mysisterwasherethreedaysago.他说：“我姐姐三天前在这儿。”Hesaidthathissisterhadbeentherethreedaysbefore.他说他姐姐三天前去那儿。谓语动词的变化come→goShesaid,“Iwillcomeheretomorrow.”她说，“我明天来这。”Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethenextday.她说她第二天去那儿。中考宾语从句常见错误例析宾语从句是中考的考点，也是英语学习中的难点。现将宾语从句的常见错误作一归纳、分析。一、连接词的错误例1：He

asked

___

there

was

a

bookshop

in

the

street?

A.

that

B.

what

C.

how

D.

whether错解：A剖析：ask

表明了宾语部分