2025届高考英语二轮复习之阅读理解“典型技巧”高效练典型技巧05隐含信息的逻辑推理含解析

典型技巧05隐含信息的逻辑推理【考情角度】考情分析人物故事类记叙文通过叙述有意义的小故事介绍某人的事迹，多依据时间先后依次进行叙述，间或也有倒叙或插叙的状况，倒叙是为突出某个重要的表现，中心思想的部分并将其提到前面叙述，然后再按事务原来的发展依次叙述。考查角度常考查隐含推断题，细微环节理解题，有时也考查人物性格题。【真题再现】(2024·北京高考·B)主题语境：对社会有突出贡献的人AliceMooreisateenagerentrepreneur(创业者),whoinMay2015setupherbusinessAilieCandy.Bythetimeshewas13,hercompanywasworthmillionsofdollarswiththeinventionofasuper­sweeteq\a\vs4\al(treat)thatcouldsavekids'teeth,insteadofdestroyingthem.ItallbeganwhenMoorevisitedabankwithherdad.Ontheouting,shewasofferedacandybar.However,herdadremindedherthatsugarytreatswerebadforherteeth.ButMoorewassickofeq\a\vs4\al(missingouton)candies.Soshedesiredtoeq\a\vs4\al(getround)thewarning,“Whycan'tImakeahealthycandythat'sgoodformyteethsothatmyparentscan'tsaynotoit？”Withthatinmind,Mooreaskedherdadifshecouldstartherowncandycompany.Herecommendedthatshedosomeresearchandtalktodentistsaboutwhatahealthiercandywouldcontain.Withherdad'spermission,shespentthenexttwoyearsresearchingonlineandconductingtrialstogetarecipethatwasbothtastyandeq\a\vs4\al(tooth­friendly).Shealsoapproacheddentiststolearnmoreaboutteethcleaning.Consequently,shesucceededinmakingakindofcandyonlyusingnaturalsweeteners,whichcanreduceoralbacteria.Moorethenusedhersavingstogetherbusinessofftheground.Afterwards,sheandherfathereq\a\vs4\al(secured)theirfirstbusinessmeetingwithasupermarketowner,whofinallyagreedtosellMoore'sproduct—CanCandy.AsCanCandy'ssuccessgrows,sodoesMoore'seq\a\vs4\al(credibility)asayoungentrepreneur.Mooreisenthusiasticaboutthecandyshecreated,andshe'salsopositiveaboutwhatthefuturemightbring.Shehopesthateverykidcanhaveacleanmouthandaeq\a\vs4\al(broad)smile.Meanwhile,withherparents'help,Mooreisgenerallyabletoliveanormalteenagelife.Althoughshefoundedhercompanyearlyoninlife,shewasn'teq\a\vs4\al(driven)primarilybyeq\a\vs4\al(profit).Moorewantstouseheruniquetalenttohelpothersfindtheirsmiles.Shedonates10%ofAilieCandy'sprofitstoBigSmiles.Withhertalentanddetermination,itappearsthattheskycouldbethelimitforAliceMoore.1.HowdidMooreeq\a\vs4\al(reacttoherdad'swarning)？A.Shearguedwithhim. B.Shetriedtofindawayout.C.Shepaidnoattention. D.Shechosetoconsultdentists.2.Whatiseq\a\vs4\al(special)aboutCanCandy?A.Itisbeneficialtodentalhealth.B.Itisfreeofsweeteners.C.Itissweeterthanothercandies.D.Itisproducedtoadentists'recipe.3.WhatdoesMooreeq\a\vs4\al(expectfromherbusiness)？A.Toearnmoremoney.B.Tohelpothersfindsmiles.C.Tomakeherselfstandout.D.Tobeatothercandycompanies.4.Whatcanweeq\a\vs4\al(learnfromAliceMoore'sstory)？A.Fameisagreatthirstoftheyoung.B.Ayouthistoberegardedwithrespect.C.Positivethinkingandactionresultinsuccess.D.Successmeansgettingpersonaldesiressatisfied.【答案与解析】1.B2.A3.B4.C1.由关键词“herdad'swarning”定位到其次段第五句，可推出Moore想制造出对牙齿无害的糖果。2.由第三段对糖果特点的描述可知答案。3.由第五段最终一句可推断Moore对自己事业的期望。expect是原文hopes的同义替换。4.由倒叙描写中的父亲提出警告→引发思索→做出努力→胜利，不难推出正确答案。【词汇积累】profitn.利润tooth­friendlyadj.对牙无害的credibilityn.可信性treatn.美味，难得的享受securevt.得到broadadj.绚丽的drivevt.驱使missouton错过getaround克服(困难/问题)getofftheground起先获得胜利；取得进展【技巧释义】逻辑分析推断隐含信息►叙述故事结果研发胜利糖果，成为年轻有为的创业者►倒叙研发过程①叙述研发糖果缘由(第2段)父亲的警告引发Moore思索②研发糖果所付出的努力和糖果特点(第3段)关键词：tasty,tooth­friendly,naturalsweeteners,reduceoralbacteria(可解第2题)父亲的警告(糖果对牙齿有害)→Moore不想没有糖果→想避开这个警告→开自己的糖果公司(可解第1题)③父亲供应的帮助助力Moore的公司胜利(第4段)►Moore的生活看法利用自己独特的才能给他人带去欢乐的决心(可解第3题)【技巧演练】（建议用时：45分钟）Ifyouhavespentanytimereadingpapersonteachingstrategiesinthepastfewyears,youhaveprobablynoticedastrongbacklashagainstdrill&practice,infavorof“constructivistactivities”and“project-basedlearning”.Memorizingfacts,manypeopleargue,isanoutdatededucationalpractice,sinceanyonecouldjustGoogleafactondemandorlookituponWikipedianowadays.Theyconsiderthatweshouldfocusallschoolactivitiesontheacquisitionofskillsasopposedtoknowledge.However,learningbyrote(memorizationbyrepetition)ismoreimportantthanyouthink.Therearemanycasesinwhichhavingknowledgeimmediatelyonthetipofyourtonguecanhavegreatsocialandprofessionalvalue.Forexample,lastnightatanetworkingevent,whenIcasuallyaskedaNigerianentrepreneurhowmuchofhisbusinesswasconductedinEnglishversusinhisnativeYoruba,heimmediatelybecamemoreengagedinourconversation.ItwasasifthesimplefactthatIknewthatYorubawasspokeninNigeriawonhistrust,andthereforebuiltupourrelationship.Thesamegoesforprofessionalsettings.IfIamapharmaceuticalsalesmantalkingtoadoctoraboutaspecificdigestiondrug,andheasksifithasanyeffectontheprocessofperistalsis,itwilllookquiteunprofessionalifIhavetopulloutmymedicaldictionarytolookuptheword.IneedtomemorizethosefactssothatIcanaccessthemimmediately.Ofcourse,mostconstructivisteducatorswillarguethaton-the-jobtrainingandproject-basedlearningaremoreeffectiveatlearningnewconceptsthanrotememorization.Theproblemisthatnosinglecost-effectiveconstructivistactivitywillguaranteethatyouwillbeexposedtoalltheconceptsyouneed,orthatyouwillfullyrememberthefactsthatyouareexposedto.Ifyouactuallywanttoacquireafullrangeofknowledgeaboutagiventopic,themostguaranteedandefficientwayistostudydeliberatelyusingthetime-honoredpracticeofrepetition—specificallyconfidence-basedrepetition.1.Whichofthefollowingisthemostpopularteachingmethodnow?A.Drill&practice. B.Memorizingfacts.C.Constructivistactivities. D.Confidence-basedrepetition.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“backlash”inparagraph1referto?A.Outdatedidea. B.Negativereaction.C.Educationalstandard. D.Officialsupport.3.Whyistheauthor’scommunicationwithaNigerianentrepreneurmentioned?A.ToshowthevalueofknowingaboutYoruba.B.Tosupporthisargumentforlearningbyrote.C.Tointroduceeffectivecommunicationskills.D.Toprovethepowerofhavingawiderangeofknowledge.4.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutproject-basedlearning?A.Itisoflimitedvalueinlearningnewconcepts.B.Itisanefficientwaytolearnanewconcept.C.Itshouldbecombinedwithafullrangeofknowledge.D.Itwillbereplacedbythetime-honoredpracticeofrepetition.【答案】1.C2.B3.B4.A【分析】这是一篇争论文。文中作者主要就如今流行的一种剧烈的反对练习和实践，支持“建构主义活动”和“基于项目的学习”的教学方式提出了自己的看法。作者认为死记硬背的学习方式仍旧重要，同时指出了上述这两种教学方法存在的一些问题。1.细微环节理解题。依据第一段“Ifyouhavespentanytimereadingpapersonteachingstrategiesinthepastfewyears,youhaveprobablynoticedastrongbacklashagainstdrill&practice,infavorof‘constructivistactivities’and‘project-basedlearning’.(假如你在过去几年里花时间阅读过关于教学策略的论文，你可能已经留意到现在有一种剧烈的反对练习和实践的思潮，它支持‘建构主义活动’和‘基于项目的学习’)”可知，建构主义活动是现在最流行的教学方法。故选C。2.词义揣测题。依据画线词后文“againstdrill&practice,infavorof‘constructivistactivities’and‘project-basedlearning’”可知，如今的一种思潮反对练习和实践的思潮，支持“建构主义活动”和“基于项目的学习”，即画线词意思为“反对”与B选项意思最为接近。故选B。3.推理推断题。依据第三段“However,learningbyrote(memorizationbyrepetition)ismoreimportantthanyouthink.....”可推知，作者提到与尼日利亚企业家的沟通，是为了支持他通过死记硬背学习的观点。故选B。4.推理推断题。依据最终一段“Ofcourse,mostconstructivisteducatorswillarguethaton-the-jobtrainingandproject-basedlearningaremoreeffectiveatlearningnewconceptsthanrotememorization....”可推知，作者认为基于项目的学习在学习新概念方面的价值是有限的。故选A。2SomepeopleaskedmehowIcouldsuggesttheexpensesofbillionsofdollarsforavoyagetoMars,atatimewhenmanychildrenonthisEartharestarvingtodeath.Iknowthattheydonotexpectananswersuchas"Oh,Ididnotknowthattherearechildrendyingfromhunger,butfromnowonIwillstopanykindofspaceresearchuntilmankindhassolvedthatproblem!"Infact,Ihaveknownofthislongbefore.ButIfirmlybelievethatbyworkingforthespaceprogramwecanmakesomecontributionstothereliefandeventualsolutionofsuchseriousproblemsaspovertyandhungerontheearth.Twobasicfactorscausingthepovertyandhungerproblemsaretheproductionoffoodandthedistribution（分布）offood.Infact,largeareasoflandcouldbeusedfarbetterifefficientmethodsoffarming,fertilizeruse,weatherforecasting,fieldsection,planting,cropsurveys,harvestplanningandsoonwereapplied.Thebesttoolfortheimprovementofallthesemethodsundoubtedlyistheartificial.EarthsatelliteCirclingtheglobeatahighaltitude,itcanscreenwideareasoflandwithashorttime;itcanobserveandmeasurealargevarietyoffactorsindicatingthestatusandconditionofcrops,soil,droughts,rainfall,snowcover,etc.Besides,inmodernsociety,thereisacontinuinggreatneedfornewbasicknowledgeinscienceifwewishtoimprovetheconditionsofhumanlifeontheearth.Weneedmoreknowledgeinphysicsandchemistry,inbiologyandphysiology,andparticularlyinmedicinetocopewithalltheseproblemswhichthreatenman'slife:hunger,disease,overpopulation,pollutionofwaterandtheenvironment.Inaway,thespaceagenotonlyholdsoutamirrorinwhichwecanseeourselves,italsoprovidesuswiththetechnologies.5.Thepassageismainlydiscussingabout.A.whetherthechildren'sdyingfromhungeristhemajorproblemB.whetherthereisaneffectivewaytoavoidtheglobalstarvationC.whethertheauthor'ssuggestionhasbeentakenintoseriousconsiderationD.whetheritisworthspendingmuchmoneyonthespaceresearch6.Accordingtotheauthor,whatplaysanimportantpartindealingwithpovertyandhunger?A.Foodsupply. B.Methodsoffarming.C.Government D.Moderntechnology.7.Fromthelastparagraph,wecaninferthat.A.morebasicknowledgeisrequiredtobelearnedB.technologiescanhelptoimproveourlivingqualityC.wecanliveamorepeacefulandhappierlifeD.therearedifferentviewsonthespaceage【答案】5.D6.A7.B【分析】这是一篇争论文。当世界上很多孩子正面临着饥饿的时候,是否应当花巨资进行太空探讨呢“对这一问题,作者在本篇文章指出造成贫困和饥饿，并说明白进行太空探究的必要性。5.主旨大意题。文章第1段中，作者在深知在地球上仍有大量儿童死于饥饿的今日，仍坚持认为应将大量的经费用于太空探究；依据其次段中ButIfirmlybelievethatbyworkingforthespaceprogramwecanmakesomecontributionstothereliefandeventualsolutionofsuchseriousproblemsaspovertyandhungerontheearth.（但是我坚信，通过为太空项目而努力，我们可以为缓解并最终解决地球上贫困和饥饿等严峻问题做出一些贡献。）可知本段内容是作者在具体阐述太空项目如何帮助解决地球上的贫困和饥饿等问题；依据第3段第一句Besides,inmodernsociety,thereisacontinuinggreatneedfornewbasicknowledgeinscienceifwewishtoimprovetheconditionsofhumanlifeontheearth.（此外，在现代社会中，假如我们想要改善地球上人类生活的条件，就会持续地须要新的科学基础学问。）和最终一句中thespaceagealsoprovidesuswiththetechnologies.（它还为我们供应技术。）可知，太空技术能供应改善地球人类生活条件所必需的新技术。综上所述，文章主要在探讨一个问题，即把更多的金钱花费在探究太空方面是否值得。故选D。6.细微环节理解题。依据其次段中Twobasicfactorscausingthepovertyandhungerproblemsaretheproductionoffoodandthedistribution（分布）offood.（造成贫困和饥饿问题的两个基本因素是粮食生产和粮食安排。）可知在处理贫困和饥饿中起重要作用的是食物的供应。故选A项。7.推理推断题。依据最终一段中的inmodernsociety,thereisacontinuinggreatneedfornewbasicknowledgeinscienceifwewishtoimprovetheconditionsofhumanlifeontheearth.（在现代社会，假如我们想要改善地球上人类生活的条件，就会持续地须要新的科学基础学问）可知，新的科学基础学问可以让我们改善生活质量。而新的科学基础学问又可以产生新科技，所以可推断，科技可以改善我们的生活质量。故选B。3Growingup,weareconstantlyremindedthatyoungpeopleareheavilyaffectedbytechnology.Wearethe“antisocialclub”,thosewhoprefertotextourfriendsinthesameroomratherthanmakeeyecontactwiththem.Andeventhoughnever-endingstudiesrevealtoustheextentofoursocialmediaaddiction,weshouldatleastconsiderthatit’snotonlyouryoungpeople’sproblemanymore.There’stheriseoftheInstagrammums,wholiketopostanabundanceofcutebabypictures,sharetheirmomfeelingsalongthewayandshowtheirwonderfullifestyles.Theyaretheso-called“Facebookmumgeneration”,agrowinggroupofparentsthatliketoovershare.Whileallofthismightbefine,andevenalittlehumorous,newresearchsuggeststhatparents’technologyaddictionisnegativelyaffectingtheirchildren’sbehavior.Accordingtothestudy,40%ofmothersand32%offathershaveadmittedhavingsomesortofphoneaddiction.Thishasledtoasignificantfallinverbalinteractionswithinfamiliesandevenadeclineinmothers’encouragingtheirchildren.ThereisnodenyingthatIgetannoyedwhenreceivingthewords“I’llbewithyousoon”fromaparent,whenallIwanttodoisaskonequestion.But,atthesametime,everydayleavingtheroomtowaituntilmyfatherisfinishedwithhis“seriousbusiness”(Farmville),hasnowbecomethenorm.Whetheryouwanttoescapeyourdisturbingchildrenforabit,orwanttostayuplateflickingthroughTwitter,knowthatwantingtodoalloftheseisnormal.We,yourchildren,knowhowaddictiveitcanbeandhowdifficultitistoswitchoff.Butbeforetellingustoputourphonesawayatthetableorevenworse,listingstatisticsofhowdamagingsocialmediacanbeforus,maybeleadbyexample,consideringhowmuchtimeyouspendonthephoneandhowthisisimpactingyourchildrenandyourrelationshipwithus.Maybeinthiswaywecanworkonouraddictiontogether.8.FromParagraph1,wecanknowthatteenagersnowadays________.A.enjoysocializingwiththeirfriends B.sendmessagestotheirfriendseverydayC.hatetomakeeyecontactwiththeirfriends D.areheavilyaddictedtotheirmobilephones9.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofmums’oversharing?A.Boring. B.Selfish. C.Funny. D.Meaningful.10.Theunderlinedword“norm”inParagraph4probablymeans________.A.security B.standard C.routine D.custom11.What’sthemainpurposeofthearticle?A.Tosharetheauthor’sownexperiencewiththereaders.B.Tocallonparentstogetridoftheirownmediaaddiction.C.Torevealthatparentsarealwaysaddictedtomobilephones.D.Toshowtheauthor’sdissatisfactionwithparents’phoneuse.【答案】8.D9.C10.C11.B【分析】这是一篇争论文。如今青少年有严峻沉迷手机的现象，但新的探讨表明，父母对科技产品的沉迷会对孩子的行为产生负面影响。这导致家庭内部语言沟通的显著削减，甚至母亲激励孩子的次数也削减了。因此作者呼吁家长们摆脱对手机的沉迷。8.细微环节理解题。依据第一段“Growingup,weareconstantlyremindedthatyoungpeopleareheavilyaffectedbytechnology.Wearethe‘antisocialclub’,thosewhoprefertotextourfriendsinthesameroomratherthanmakeeyecontactwiththem.Andeventhoughnever-endingstudiesrevealtoustheextentofoursocialmediaaddiction,weshouldatleastconsiderthatit’snotonlyouryoungpeople’sproblemanymore.(在成长的过程中，我们常常被提示，年轻人深受科技的影响。我们是‘反社交俱乐部’，那些宁愿在同一个房间里给挚友发短信，也不愿和他们进行眼神沟通的人。尽管永无止境的探讨向我们揭示了我们对社交媒体上瘾的程度，但我们至少应当考虑到，这不再是年轻人的问题)”可知，如今的青少年严峻沉迷于他们的手机。故选D。9.推理推断题。依据其次段“There’stheriseoftheInstagrammums,wholiketopostanabundanceofcutebabypictures,sharetheirmomfeelingsalongthewayandshowtheirwonderfullifestyles.Theyaretheso-called‘Facebookmumgeneration’,agrowinggroupofparentsthatliketoovershare.(Instagram上的妈妈们越来越多，她们喜爱上传大量可爱宝宝的照片，一边共享妈妈的感受，一边展示自己美妙的生活方式。她们就是所谓的‘脸书妈妈一代’，这是一个越来越多的喜爱过度共享的父母群体)”以及第三段“Whileallofthismightbefine,andevenalittlehumorous”（虽然这一切可能都很好，甚至有点可笑）可推知，作者认为妈妈们的过度共享是滑稽可笑的，其中humorous是关键词，故选C。10.词义揣测题。依据画线词后文“Whetheryouwanttoescapeyourdisturbingchildrenforabit,orwanttostayuplateflickingthroughTwitter,knowthatwantingtodoalloftheseisnormal.(不管你是想逃离孩子们的打搅，还是想熬夜阅读推特，你都要知道想做这些是很正常的)”可知，每天离开房间等待父亲做完"正经事"（Farmville），现在已经成了一种常态。故画线词意思是“惯例，常规”。A.security平安；B.standard标准；C.routine惯例；D.custom习俗。故选C。11.推理推断题。依据最终一段中“Butbeforetellingustoputourphonesawayatthetableorevenworse,listingstatisticsofhowdamagingsocialmediacanbeforus,maybeleadbyexample,consideringhowmuchtimeyouspendonthephoneandhowthisisimpactingyourchildrenandyourrelationshipwithus.Maybeinthiswaywecanworkonouraddictiontogether.(但是，在告知我们把手机收起来放在桌子上，或者更糟糕的是，列出社交媒体对我们有多大损害的统计数据之前，或许可以以身作则，考虑一下你花在手机上的时间有多长，这对你的孩子以及你和我们的关系有什么影响。或许通过这种方式，我们可以一起努力解决我们的成瘾问题)”可推知，这篇文章的目的是呼吁家长们摆脱对媒体的沉迷。故选B。4Thehumanbrainremembersnegativeexperiencesmoreeasilythanpositiveones.Ourbrainshavedevelopedinthiswaybecausethreats,likedangerousanimal,haveamoreimmediateeffectonpeople'ssurvivalcomparedtopositivethingslikefoodorshelter.Asaresult,youclearlyknowwhatmakesyouunhappy,butdoyouknowwhatmakesyouhappy?Researchsuggeststhatourlevelofhappinessispartlyshapedbythechoiceswemake.Ifyou'vebeenchasingwealth,fame,powerandsomematerialthings,youmaybelookingforhappinessinthewrongplaces.Psychologistssuggestthatthefollowinghabitscanmakepeoplehappier.Peoplewhoowncloserelationshipstendtobehappierthanthosewhodonot.Thenumberofourfriendsisnotimportant.Whatmattersisthequalityofourrelationships.Relationshipsthatbringhappinessusuallyconsistofthesharingoffeelings,acceptance,mutualrespectandtrust.Peoplewhoexerciseregularlycanimproveboththeirphysicalandmentalwell-being.Someresearchhasshownthatexercisecanbeaseffectiveassomemedicineintreatingdepression.Ifwearesointerestedinanactivity,wemaylosetrackoftime,andwecanbeinastateofflow.Theactivitycouldbeplayingthepiano,surfingtheInternetorplayingagame.Peoplewhoexperienceflowintheirworkorlifetendtobehappier.Peoplearemorelikelytobehappyiftheyknowwhattheirstrengthsareandcanusethemregularly.Peopleareespeciallyhappywhentheycansetgoalsandusetheirstrengthstoachievethem.People,whothinkpositivelybybeinggrateful,mindfulandoptimistic,aremorelikelytobehappy.Beinggratefulmeansbeingthankful.Beingmindfulmeansconsidering,focusingon,andenjoyingtheexperiencesofthepresentmoment.Beingoptimisticmeansbeinghopefulaboutthefuture.12.Humanbrainsremembe