高考语法复习第三讲名词性从句学案

第三讲名词性从句名词性从句即从句在句中起着名词的作用，在句中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语，对应的从句称之为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的词有：1.连接词:that,whether,if,asif/asthough2.连接代词:who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever3.连接副词:when,where,why,how注意点：连接词that,在句中没意义，不充当成分,只起引导从句的作用。whether，if：有意义(译为“是否”)，但在从句中不担任成分。连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whomever,whatever,whicheverhow，where，when，有意义，在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语成分。连接副词when,where,why,how，在从句中充当状语成分。选择连词时，要先分析从句，看看句子是否缺成分，缺少什么成分，再根据上述连词的特点作出选择。名词性从句用陈述句语序，不用疑问句语序。名词性从句的用法thatthat引导动词后的宾语从句时，可省略。在下列情况下that不可省略引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，that一般不可省略当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二和以后几个从句的that不可省略。在可以接复合宾语的动词，find,feel,think,consider,make,believe,guess之后，由it作形式宾语，that引导真正的宾语，that不可省略。宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主从复合句。作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state等的宾语时，往往不省略。如：Thatyoudon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.Thathewillcometotheconferencehasexcitedeveryoneofus.当主句比较长，可用it作形式主语，that引导从句作真正的主语，常见的句型有：It+be+名词/名词词组+that从句Itisapity/ashame/afact/anhonor/nowonder/goodnewsthat-clauseItisapitythatyoudidn’tattendthelectureyesterday.Itisnowonderthatyou’veachievedsomuchsuccess.It+be+形容词+that从句Itisimportant/vital/significant/necessary/essential/natural/obvious/possible/likelythat-clauseItislikelythattherewillbeasnowstormtomorrow.Itisprobablethathetoldhereverything.It+be+过去分词+that从句Itissaid/known//acknowledged/reported/thought/believed//announced/decided/suggestedthat-clauseItisannouncedthatthehostageshavebeenreleased.Itiscommonlybelieved/recognizedthatitisthattoomuchmoneyhasbeeninvestedinrealestatethathascausedthecrisisinWallStreet.Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthatthepromisingisfarfrombeingsatisfactory.It+不及物动词+that从句Itseems(ed)/appear/happen/occur/matter/turnoutthat-clauseItseemstomethatyouobjecttotheplanIthappenedtomethatIhadbeenawaywhenhecalled.Mydecisionisthatallofusaretostartat5o’clocktomorrowmorning.Thereasonwhyhefailedisthathewastoocareless.Thereisnodoubtthat2015willbringmorechangewhentheworldeconomyisstillunclear.Thefacthasworriedmanyscientiststhattheearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmerthesedays.Hesaid(that)hewaslateforschoolagainandthattheteacherwouldpunishhim.Everyoneintherealworldwillagreethatonceaprojectisbehinddeadline,qualityassurancetendstogooutofthewindow.I’msurprisedthatwhathesaidwasallwrong.2．whether/ifIwonderif/whetheryoucanlendmeyouripad.I’mnotsurewhether/ifIcanholdapartyintheopenairbecauseitdependsonweatherIdoubtif/whetherheiswillingtosubscribetothatkindofmagazine.Ithasn’tbeendecidedyetwhether/ifweshallholdameetingIdon’tknowwhetherornothearrives. Ican’tdecidewhethertostay.Itdependsonwhetheritisfinetomorrowifwewanttogocamping.WediscussedwhetherweshouldusethemoneytobuyanewhouseWhetheritistrueremainsaquestion.Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtiswhethermymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.Wearenotinvestigatingthequestionwhetherheistrustworthy. Whetheryou’reoutshoppingforgold,orsilver,youneedtoknowafewthings.根据以上句子分析，可总结： 1.)动词后的宾语从句;I’mnotsure与Idoubt后的宾语从句whether/if可互换2.)当it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末时，用whether或if均可；只用whether不用if的情况与ornot直接连用。与不定式连用。从句作介词或discuss的宾语。主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。5.)引导一个让步状语从句，表示“不管，无论”。3.asif/asthough,because/why引导表语从句Hehasheartdisease.Thatisbecausehehasbeensmokingtoomuch.(表示原因)Hehasbeensmokingtoomuch.Thatiswhyhesuffersfromheartdisease.（表示结果）Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifitwerebroken.4.wh-类与how连接词引导的名词性从句___________(Who/Whoever)wantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway.____________(Whatever/Whichever)teamwinsonSaturdaywillgothroughthenationalchampionships.Sheisverydeartous.Wehavebeenpreparedtodo________(whatever/whichever)ittakestosaveherlife.Thenextmorninganoticewasputuponthedooroftheworkhouse,offeringarewardto__________(whoever/whomever)wouldemployOliverTwist.Hewasnotconsciousof_________(what/how)animportantrolehehadplayedinthematch.____________(What/That)somepeopleregardasadrawbackisseenasaplusbymanyothers.Whomadethecallisnotimportant.Donotletanyfailuresdiscourageyou,foryoucannevertellhowcloseyoumaybetovictory.Howyoutreatothersshowswhatkindofpersonyouare.Nobodycanexplainthemysterywhyhesuddenlydisappeared.TomorrowisTom’sbirthday.Haveyougotanyideawherethepartyistobeheld?5.同位语从句和定语从句的区别1.)从被修饰词上区别：同位语从句前的名词中是idea，fact，news，hope,belief,doubt,rule,conclusion,possibility,explanation,truth,,information,thought,decision,feeling,suggestion,request等有一定内涵的名词；定语从句前的名词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或整个主句。2.)从性质上区别：同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的进一步说明和解释，属于名词性的；定语从句是对其先行词进行修饰或限制，属于形容词性的。3.)从引导词上区别：某些引导词如how，whether，what可以引导同位语从句，但不能引导定语从句；而which能引导定语从句却不能单独使用引导同位语从句。4.)从引导词在句子中所作的成分区别：that在定语从句中必须作成分，指物时有时可用which代替，作宾语时可以省略；而that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不作任何成分，不能省略，也不能用which代替。引导词when，where，why虽在两种从句中都作成分，但引导定语从句时，前面的名词应分别表示时间、地点、原因；在同位语从句中则不然。判断下面两句是同位语从句还是定语从句：1.）Thenewsthatheheardistrue.______________2.）Thenewsthathewaskilledistrue.___________3.）Samuelsurvivedwhenthecar____hewasapassengerinturnedofftheroadandhitatree.A.whereB.thatC.asD.why4.）Newscamefromtheschooloffice________WangLinhadbeenadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.when5.）OfonethingIamcertain________hardworkcontributestogoodresults.A.asB.whichC.whatD.that6．关于名词性从句应注意的其他问题1.）介词后面一般不接that引导的宾语从句，此时需要用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。Youmayrelyonit_thathewillcomeintime.你放心好了，他会准时来的。2.）某些动词如：enjoy，hate，have，hide，like，love，appreciate，take等后面不能直接跟宾语从句，需要用it作形式宾语，再把从句放到后面。Legendhasit_thatFujiaroseinanight.传说富士山是一夜之间出现的。3.）动词doubt用在疑问句或否定句中时，其后的宾语从句常用that作连接词；用在肯定句中时，连接词用whether或if皆可，而不用that。名词doubt用在肯定句中时，一般用whether引导同位语从句。Thereissomedoubtwhether(if/whether/that)shewillcometomorrow.(选词填空)4．）“wh­＋ever”既可以引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句；“nomatterwh­”只能引导让步状语从句，可和“wh­＋ever”互换。IwanttomakefriendswithwhoevercansharebothmyjoysandsorrowsWhoevercomeslate,hewillbecriticized.Asasayinggoes,givethemonkeywhateverhewants.Iwillstandbyyouwhateverhappens.名词性从句专练1.Thesearequestions____(that/which)，understandably，areveryoftenasked.2.Howard’sideawas____(which/that)agroupofpeopleshouldsetupacompany，borrowingmoneytoestablishagardencityinthedepressedcountryside，farenoughfromexistingcitiestomakesure____(which/that)thelandwasboughtatthebottomprice.3.Itneveroccurredtohumansuntilthemid­1990s____(that/what/which)someanimalscanbecloned.4.Iwillgivethisdictionaryto____(who/whoever)canwinthefirstprizeintheEnglishcontest.5.Wearediscussing_________(if/whether)weshouldclosetheship.6.Thereason________hedidn’tcomeis________hewasill.A.why；thatB.that；whyC.why；becauseD.why；what7.Theshockingnewsmademerealize____terribleproblemswewouldface.A.whatB.howC.thatD.why8.Idon’tlike________whenyoushoutatme.A.thatB.itC.thisD.any9..Iamsatisfied________shouldbedonehasbeenalreadydone.A.whatthatB.whatC.thatwhatD.that10.Isit，inyouropinion，possible_____newmeasureswillbetakentoimprovetheterribletraffic？A.whetherB.whatC.whenD.that11.)Someresearchersbelievethatthereisnodoubt_____acureforAIDSwillbefound.A.whetherB.thatC.whatD.which12)—I’mafraidIhavetogiveitup.—Don’tbediscouraged.Remember________stickstohisworkwillsucceedoneday.A.anyoneB.whoC.whoeverD.thatwhoever13)WorldAIDSdayisalsoimportantinremindingusthatHIVhasnotgoneaway，and________therearemanythingsstilltobedone.A.whichB.whatC.thatD./14.)---IprefershuttingmyselfinandlisteningtomusicalldayonSundays.

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D.who18.______isknowntousallisthatthethemeofShanghaiWorldExpois“BetterCity,BetterLifeA.ItB.ThatC.WhichD.What19.Iwonderwhenitwas_____youcametorealize_______hesaidmeant.A.that;whatB.what;thatC.what;whatthatD.that;thatwhat20.Scientistshavecometotheconclusion______thetemperatureonEarthisgettinghigherandhigher.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.when21.After______seemedanendlesswait,itwasherturntoenterthepersonnelmanager’soffice.A.thatB.howC.whatD.why22.Britishscientistshaveproduced_____theybelieveistheworld’ssmallestChristmascard.A.whichB.whoC.thatD.what23.Therehavebeenfrequentairdisastersintheworldrecently,andthatis______peopleareconcerned.A.whatB.whereC.howD.that24.Thoughinvitedseveraltimes,Istillhavesomedoubt_______Icangotohisbirthdayparty.A.whenB.whereC.whyD.whether25._________someteenagersdon’trealizeis______difficultlifecanbeaftertheygetaddictedtodrugs.A.What;howB.That;ho