人教版中考英语一轮复习+重要考点-动名词（Gerund）讲义及练习

中考英语重要考点——动名词（Gerund）讲义及练习Gerund什么是动名词动名词是动词的另一种非谓语动词形式。动名词看起来和现在分词完全一样，但是理解两者的区别是很有用的。动名词的功能总是和名词一样(虽然看起来像动词)。动名词的用法Thegerundasthesubjectofthesentence作主语动名词短语作主语，属于单数概念ExamplesEatingpeopleiswrong.吃人是错误的Huntingtigersisdangerous.猎杀老虎是危险的Flyingmakesmenervous.飞行让我紧张Brushingyourteethisimportant.刷牙很重要。Smokingcauseslungcancer.吸烟会导致肺癌。Thegerundasthecomplementoftheverb'tobe'动名词作为动词“tobe”的表语ExamplesOneofhisdutiesisattendingmeetings.他的职责之一是参加会议。ThehardestthingaboutlearningEnglishisunderstandingthegerund.学习英语中最难的部分是理解动名词。Oneoflife'spleasuresishavingbreakfastinbed.人生的一大乐趣就是在床上吃早餐。Thegerundafterprepositions介词后的动名词当介词后面跟有动词时，必须使用动名词。一些以介词结尾的短语也是如此，例如“inspiteof（尽管）”和“there'snopointin（做……没有意义）”。ExamplesCanyousneezewithoutopeningyourmouth?你能不张嘴就打喷嚏吗？Sheisgoodatpainting.她擅长画画Sheavoidedhimbywalkingontheoppositesideoftheroad.她为了避免碰到他，特意走在了马路的另一边。WearrivedinMadridafterdrivingallnight.我们开了一整夜车后抵达了马德里。MyfatherdecidedagainstpostponinghistriptoHungary.我父亲决定不推迟去匈牙利的旅行。There'snopointinwaiting.等下去没有意义。Inspiteofmissingthetrain,wearrivedontime.尽管错过了火车，我们还是准时到达了。Thegerundafterphrasalverbs短语动词后的动名词Phrasalverbsarecomposedofaverb+prepositionoradverb.动词加上介词或副词组成的短语动词ExamplesWhenwillyougiveupsmoking?Shealwaysputsoffgoingtothedentist.Hekeptonaskingformoney.JimendedupbuyinganewTVafterhisoldonebroke.有一些短语动词中包含作为介词的“to”，例如“lookforwardto（期待）”，“taketo（带到……去）”，“beaccustomedto（习惯于）”，“getaroundto（腾出时间做）”，“beusedto（习惯于）”。在这些情况下，重要的是要认识到“to”是一个介词，因为它后面必须跟动名词。它不是动词不定式的一部分。你可以检查“to”是介词还是不定式的一部分。如果你能在“to”后面加上代词“it”并形成一个有意义的句子，那么“to”就是介词，后面必须跟动名词。ExamplesIlookforwardtohearingfromyousoon.我期待尽快收到你的来信Ilookforwardtoit.Iamusedtowaitingforbuses.我已经习惯了等公交车。Iamusedtoit.Shedidn'treallytaketostudyingEnglish.她真的不喜欢学英语。Shedidn'treallytaketoit.Whenwillyougetaroundtomowingthegrass?你什么时候会腾出时间来修剪草坪？Whenwillyougetaroundtoit?Thegerundincompoundnouns复合名词中的动名词复合名词中的动名词，其意义显然是名词性的，而不是表示持续进行的动词。例如，“swimmingpool”（游泳池）指的是用于游泳的池子，而不是正在游泳的池子。ExamplesIamgivingSallyadrivinglesson.我正在给萨莉上驾驶课。Theyhaveaswimmingpoolintheirbackyard.他们后院有一个游泳池。Iboughtsomenewrunningshoes.我买了一些新的跑鞋。Thegerundaftersomeexpressions在某些固定表达之后的动名词Thegerundisnecessaryaftertheexpressionscan'thelp,can'tstand,tobeworth,&it'snouse.在表示“can'thelp忍不住;无法控制”、“can'tstand受不了”、“tobeworth值得”、“it'snouse没用”之后，必须用动名词是必要的。ExamplesShecouldn'thelpfallinginlovewithhim.她情不自禁地爱上了他Ican'tstandbeingstuckintrafficjams.我受不了被堵在交通拥堵中。It'snousetryingtoescape.试图逃跑是没有用的。Itmightbeworthphoningthestationtocheckthetimeofthetrain.打电话到车站确认一下火车的时间可能值得。练习Fillintheblankswithgerundorinfinitiveformsofthegivenverbs.用给定动词的动名词（gerund）或不定式（infinitive）形式完成句子。1.Mysisterdoesn'twanttocomewithusbecauseshehates(do)windsurfing.doing2.Thebabykeepscrying.Doeshisfathermind(take)careofhimabit.3.Jennyhasproblemswithhermotherinlaw.Asfarasitseems,sheistiredof(fight)withher.4.TwostudentsappliedfortheDoctorateprogramandtheylookforwardto(have)apositivereplyfromtheuniversity.5.Afterhearinganoise,Kenturnedthelightson(see)everythingclearly.6.Expertssaythatitisprettydangerous(do)bungeejumping.7.EventhoughBrianhasmanygoodfriends,hesometimesenjoys(be)alone.8.Harry'swifeisfedupwith(clean)thehouseonherown.JerryandLoydenjoyed(play)videogames.10.Foreignstudentssignedupforalanguagecourse(learn)English.tolearn11.Athree-year-oldchildmanages(draw)circles,linesandevensquares.12.Childrenenjoy(do)anactivitymoreiftheydoitinagroup.13.Samestudentstend(cheat)inexamsifthereisnoonetosupervise.14.Youshouldavoid(argue)witheverybody.15.Judiclaims(be)thetopstudentinherclass.16.IhavestudiedashardasIcould,soIexpect(pass)thisexam.17.Myfathergaveup(smoke)ayearago.18.Theteacherrefused(give)anyfurthercluesaboutthequestion.19.Thestudentdenied(break)thewindow.20.Shedecided(move)innextdoor.21.GrammarBankisoneofthebestwebsites(practice)Englishgrammar.22.Aliciaenjoys(watch)soapoperasontelevision.23.Sherefuses(listen)toherfather.24.Studentswant(get)goodgrades.25.Manydriversavoid(drive)intraffic.26.Doyoufeellike(eat)ahamburger?27.Ican'timagine(jump)outofaflyingjet.28.Thepresidentwishes(end)thewar.29.Iwouldlove(see)thatmovie.Iheardit'sreallygood.30.Mrs.Rogalaisareallygoodteacher.Shealwaysoffers(help)herstudents.参考答案1.doing2.taking3.fighting4.having5.tosee6.to